SEARCH · Search PubMed
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Artificial insemination using husband's semen (A.I.H.) was carried out in 74 couples in most of whom the men had low sperm densities and/or a reduced sperm motility. There were 19 pregnancies (24%). The problems encountered and the reasons for failure are discussed.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
76 patients with Turner syndrome received estrogen alone, androgen and estrogen started simultaneously or, after preceding androgen therapy, estrogen with or without androgen. Six patients had spontaneous pubertal development and received no estrogen. Two patients received human growth hormone with androgen during greater than 2.0 years. Height velocity increased during all therapies to mean SD scores of 7.6 during androgen-estrogen started simultaneously, 4.6 during androgen alone, 4.2 during androgen-estrogen after preceding androgen, 2.7 during estrogen alone, and 0.6 during estrogen after preceding androgen. Adult height was measured in all cases, it was 145.5 +/- 5.7 (mean +/- SD) for the whole series without significant differences between the groups. It correlated strongly with midparent height, and was greater for patients with the 45,X karyotype than for the others combined.
We hypothesize that the presence of progesterone receptors in human breast tumors may be a sensitive marker for predicting response to endocrine therapy. Progesterone receptors were found in 56 percent of tumors with estrogen receptors, but were absent in tumors without estrogen receptors. Preliminary clinical correlations show that only those breast tumors with progesterone receptors regressed after endocrine therapy.
An infant with multiple physical abnormalities, failure to thrive, and mental deficiency, all probably due to a 22/11 chromosomal translocation is described, and the implications of inducing pregnancies in childless couples are discussed.
A simple treatment was shown to be suitable for clinical measurement of fundamental voice frequency. Basal frequency (SFF) and lowest frequency (LF) were determined in 374 normal subjects aged 6 years to adulthood. SFF fell between ages 8 and 10 years in boys (from 259 to 247 Hz), but not in girls (253 Hz). LF fell between ages 6 and 10 years in boys (from 234 to 203 Hz) and girls (from 230 to 218 Hz), and a sex difference appeared. In puberty, parallel to pubic hair (PH) development, a gradual fall of SFF and LF occurred in both boys (to 100 and 90 Hz, respectively) and girls (to 213 and 180 Hz). As a group, young hypopituitary children and girls with Turner's syndrome had a high SFF, and prepubertal boys with delayed maturation a low SFF. In some children with prenatal growth failure, SFF was abnormally high. The girls with Turner's syndrome exhibited a high, though individually variable, sensitivity of voice to androgen; their voices became lower before the appearance of any other masculinising effects. The instrument is useful for characterisation of growth failure syndromes and stages of puberty. It is particularly recommended for monitoring an undesirable effect on the voice during androgen treatment.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Radioactive phosphorus effected substantial palliation of intractable bone pain in 17 of 33 (51.5%) women with metastatic carcinoma of the breast and in 14 of 15 (93.3%) men with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. No significant difference in the overall response rate was found between androgen and parathormone priming prior to radiophosphorus therapy. The degree of response was not dependent on total dose of 32P within the range of 9--18 mCi (333--666 MBq). Myelosuppression was a transient complication in 9 of 33 patients with metastatic breast carcinoma and in 7 of 15 patients with metastatic prostate carcinoma. Symptomatic hypercalcemia was an infrequent complication of radiophosphorus therapy irrespective of the priming regimen.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
In vitro differentiating agents causing little bone marrow aplasia have been proposed as a specific therapy of myelodysplastic syndromes with excess of blasts. A critical review of the published data is presented. The preliminary results of a cooperative protocol using very low dosage of cytosine arabinoside (3mg/m2/twice daily) with or without androgens are given.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Plasma 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) concentrations in normal men averaged 0.094 mug/100 ml. Studies using suppressive doses of androgens and glucocorticoids showed that 90% of the 17-OHP originated from the Leydig cell. The 17-OHP production rate was 1.8 mg/24 hr. Plasma 17-OHP has a marked circadian variation, the 8 p.m. values being only 40% of the 8 a.m. values. Plasma luteinizing hormone measured in the same samples did not vary. The adrenal cortex has the capacity to synthesize and secrete 17-OHP and progesterone since adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) caused a fourfold increase in these plasma steroids. In children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, plasma 17-OHP levels were 50-200 times those of normal men and plasma progesterone was increased 6- to 10-fold over normal men.
A reliable radio-ligand assay has been developed for the measurement of 17-hydroxypregnenolone in human peripheral vein plasma. The mean plasma concentration of 17-hydroxypregnenolone was, in men, 1.9 mmug/ml; and in women, 3.5 mmug/ml. These means were not significantly different from each other, and the levels were the same in the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. In women, the adrenal cortex was the source of the 17-hydroxypregnenolone; in men, 40% was produced by the testis. Since the metabolic clearance rate was about 2000 liters/24 hr production rate estimates were 4-7 mg/24 hr. The conversion of blood 17-hydroxypregnenolone to blood 17-hydroxyprogesterone and dehydroepiandrosterone was measured. This varied from 5 to 20%. Thus, in women during the follicular phase, 17-hydroxyprogesterone derived from blood 17-hydroxypregnenolone could be the major fraction of the 17-hydroxyprogesterone production rate. Blood 17-hydroxypregnenolone is a minor precursor of blood dehydroepiandrosterone.
A very simple, low dose, orally administered regime (10 to 15 mg of fluoximesterone + 6 mg of deflazacort daily for periods of 1 to several months) resulting in mild-acceptable toxicity (essentially some weight gain) determined subjective improvement in 2/3 of 34 evaluable patients (out of 36 treated) and an objective measurable tumor reduction in 1/3, although most patients had been previously treated with chemotherapy and hormone treatment and proved primarily or secondarily refractory. The receptor status at the beginning of fluoximesterone+deflazacort treatment was not known, except in one negative-receptor patient, who responded to the combination after becoming resistant to tamoxifen (see photo). In some patients the condition of hormone refractoriness would suggest a no-treatment policy, but a trial with this regime is always convenient as it may improve both duration and quality of life.
We conducted a randomized clinical trial in men with stage D2 prostate cancer to test whether androgen priming potentiates the efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapy. Eighty-five men with progressive prostate cancer refractory to orchiectomy were treated continuously with aminoglutethimide and hydrocortisone to lower adrenal androgen secretion and were administered cyclic intravenous (IV) chemotherapy. The patients were randomized to receive either androgen priming or no additional treatment for three days before and on the day of chemotherapy. Median duration of follow-up was 43 months. Response rate (remission plus disease stabilization) was not significantly different between the stimulation and control arm when the analysis was restricted to evaluable patients (79% v 73%, respectively) or when it was extended to all patients (46% v 61%). Median duration of response was similar for the stimulation and control arm (9 and 10 months, respectively). Median survival was 10 months in the stimulation and 15 months in the control group (P = .0047). The androgen sensitivity of the tumors was supported by the greater toxicity in the stimulation arm associated with androgen administration. Factors found to be independently associated with improved clinical outcome included a high Karnofsky score and hematocrit, long duration of response to the initial castration, and normalization of an elevated serum acid phosphatase on treatment. We conclude that in this group of patients with advanced disease, androgen priming does not potentiate the efficacy of chemotherapy and is actually associated with a worse outcome. Furthermore, our data emphasize the heterogeneity of biologic behavior of prostate cancer.
PURPOSE: We sought to compare three doxorubicin-based therapies for metastatic breast cancer for response frequency, time to treatment failure (TTF), and survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Women with metastatic breast cancer who had measurable disease, required laboratory tests, had received no prior chemotherapy for metastases, had a Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) performance status < or = 2, and provided informed consent were eligible. Treatment included the following: arm I--cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and fluorouracil (CAF); arm II--vinblastine, doxorubicin, thiotepa, and halotestin (VATH); and arm III--VATH alternating with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracil, vincristine, and prednisone (CMFVP) on cycles 3, 5, 7, 9, etc. Doses were modified for toxicities. Standard CALGB response and toxicity criteria were used. RESULTS: Between August 1982 and February 1987, 497 women were entered and 491 were treated on study. Pretreatment characteristics were well balanced and the median follow-up duration was 79 months. There were no significant differences in response (complete [CR] plus partial [PR]) at 50% on arm I, 57% on arm II, and 51% on arm III. The median TTFs were 8, 8, and 9 months, respectively, in favor of arm III when compared with arm I (P = .028). The median survival times for treatment arms I, II, and III were 15, 17, and 17 months, respectively. After multivariate regression analyses, only estrogen receptors (ER), performance status, and number of metastatic sites influenced TTF and survival. Leukopenia was the most common grade 3 or 4 toxicity, occurring in 90%, 80%, and 92% of patients per arm, respectively. Lethal toxicities were seen in four, five, and six women, respectively. Overall, there were more grade > or = 3 toxicities on arm II than I, and most occurred on arm III (P = .02). CONCLUSION: The VATH regimen appears similarly effective to the CAF regimen as initial therapy. Alternating CMFVP with VATH did not improve response rate or survival. After accounting for other variables, treatment arm was not related to outcome. New therapeutic regimens are still needed.