MASS AND SHADING EFFECTS ON MASCULINE-FEMININE JUDGMENTS ON THE RORSCHACH.
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As individuals become increasingly aware of their sexuality and orgasmic responsiveness, concomitantly, the phenomenon of pretending orgasm is becoming a greater part of the sexual relationship for many couples. However, few studies exist concerning this phenomenon despite the fact that nearly two-thirds of all females have reported pretending orgasm. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to profile those females who have pretended orgasm by examining the dimensions of their sexual and orgasmic behaviors, the factors that inhibit their orgasm, the dynamics of partner interaction, and any desired changes in their sexual lives. A survey research design was employed utilizing the responses of 805 professional nurses who participated in a study concerning self-perceptions of the female sexual response. The findings indicate that those females who have ever pretended orgasm became sexually active at a younger age and have been more sexually explorative than those females who have not pretended orgasm. Furthermore, the role of their sex partners was a significant dimension in their orgasmic pretense. The resultant impact on coupled relationships has many critical implications for therapists.
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We compared the skin compatibility of two menstrual pad technologies in a single-center, parallel, randomized, examiner-blinded study involving adult women. This report presents the results of a subset of 10 participants who had a genital infection within 12 months prior to the start of the study. In a blinded fashion, participants were randomized to receive one of the two pads for use over two menstrual periods. Participants' skin erythema was graded 24-48 hours following cessation of menstrual flow and on day 14 of each menstrual cycle. Participants subjectively reported any sensory effects. Vulvar erythema scores for the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, perineum, buttocks, left medial thigh, and right medial thigh assessed after both menstrual cycles were not statistically different between groups or between the two different products. A low incidence of itching and burning occurred in both groups without statistical significance; none of the participants experienced a recurrent or new genital infection. These preliminary results show that participants with recent genital infections included in clinical studies do not exhibit greater vulvar erythema or sensory effects than participants without recent genital infection. The study showed that the safety profile of the products tested remained acceptable in women with recent genital infection.
Resting metabolic rate (RMR) in adults can be viewed from two perspectives. Body surface area is used to index RMR in the clinical perspective. Normal values of RMR are thus sex-specific and appear to be lower in women. However, the physiological perspective is one of an asexual metabolism that differs in the mass of active cells. The body cell mass is relatively reduced in women due to a smaller skeletal muscle mass in tandem with a greater fat mass. RMR is proportionately reduced and thus highly correlated with body cell mass or lean body mass in mixed sex data. Athletic training can negate the differences in body composition and RMR per unit weight. The body mass index is another nonphysiological and sex-specific parameter currently being applied to obesity research. The clinical utility of body surface area for the prediction of RMR results from its correlation with body composition within either sex. The clinical and physiological perspectives of RMR must be clearly distinguished and treated as distinct.
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Comprehensive literature reviews of hardiness consistently reveal empirical ambiguities and conceptual limitations. The article describes a grounded theory study focused on the conceptual nature of hardiness. In a group of 13 women with breast cancer, two major characteristics of hardiness emerged: a strong sense of purpose and the ability to endure. These characteristics are described in terms of their internal dimensions, manifestations, and outcomes. The findings are compared with the original conceptualization of hardiness, specifically its attributes of commitment, control, and challenge. The similarities and differences expand, extend, and modify the original definition of hardiness.
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Subjects were 20 volunteers randomly selected from all female undergraduate students attending a local university, who were 21 years of age or older, and living off campus. The stimuli consisted of seven films, of approximately 5 minutes duration each, which depicted various types of human sexual behavior. Themes included "romantic" heterosexual behavior, primarily genital heterosexual behavior, a mild, and an explicit form of group-sex behavior, a mild and explicit form of heterosexual sadomasochistic behavior, and male homosexuality. Subjects rated the degree of sexual arousal experienced for each film on a 50-point Likert scale. The order of presentation of the films for each subject was randomized, and all subjects participated individually with only a female experimenter present. Following the rating period, subjects completed the Sex Knowledge and Attitude Test (9). Finally, a structured interview was conducted to probe specific likes and dislikes with respect to the content of the films viewed. Results indicated that rank order ratings of the films, from most to least sexually stimulating, was: heterosexual, romantic; group-sex mild (two males and one female); heterosexual-genital; group-sex explicit (three males and three females); sadomasochism (mild); sadomasochism-explicit (forcing and brutal); and male homosexuality. One conclusion that the data led to was that females preferred and were significantly more sexually stimulated by films in which a male related to a female (even if the male was treating the female cruelly) than they were by homosexual stimuli involving two males together. Correlational data between the rating responses and the Sex Knowledge and Attitude Test yielded much information including significant negative correlations between ratings of both group-sex films and rejection of sexual myths. Also, significant positive correlations were found between rated degree of sexual stimulation for the heterosexual and the group-sex films and the consideration of pre- and extramarital relations as acceptable or even desirable.