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Results for “Eye Protective Devices”

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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Effect of personal protective eyewear on postural stability.

Vision is a significant factor in postural stability; this study is the first to report on the effect of OSHA regulated personal protective eyewear on physiological factors associated with postural stability. Twenty college students between the ages of 19 and 25 were randomly tested in each of three eyewear conditions (control, new, and artificially aged) using a NeuroCom Balance Master System and the mCTSIB protocol. Subjects were pre-tested with no eyewear (control) on each day followed by a 5-min assembly task with random eyewear assignment. Subjects were then post-tested following the same protocol while wearing the eyewear. Data were evaluated using a two (pre/post) x three (eyewear) repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). There was a significant main effect for both the eyes open/firm flat surface, and eyes open/foam flat surface conditions (p <or=.05). These findings suggest that while personal protective eyewear may serve to protect an individual from eye injury, an individual's use of such personal protective eyewear may have deleterious effects on sensory input from the visual system and compensatory strategies to maintaining or regaining postural stability. Individuals who employ protective eyewear on a daily basis need to be aware of the effect of altered visual input resulting from eyewear on their postural stability, especially during sensory-challenging tasks, such as navigating ladders, scaffolding and elevated surfaces, typically found in construction environments.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed2006

Information processing capacity while wearing personal protective eyewear.

It is difficult to overemphasize the function vision plays in information processing, specifically in maintaining postural control. Vision appears to be an immediate, effortless event; suggesting that eyes need only to be open to employ the visual information provided by the environment. This study is focused on investigating the effect of Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulated personal protective eyewear (29 CFR 1910.133) on physiological and cognitive factors associated with information processing capabilities. Twenty-one college students between the ages of 19 and 25 years were randomly tested in each of three eyewear conditions (control, new and artificially aged) on an inclined and horizontal support surface for auditory and visual stimulus reaction time. Data collection trials consisted of 50 randomly selected (25 auditory, 25 visual) stimuli over a 10-min surface-eyewear condition trial. Auditory stimulus reaction time was significantly affected by the surface by eyewear interaction (F2,40 = 7.4; p < 0.05). Similarly, analysis revealed a significant surface by eyewear interaction in reaction time following the visual stimulus (F2,40 = 21.7; p < 0.05). The current findings do not trivialize the importance of personal protective eyewear usage in an occupational setting; rather, they suggest the value of future research focused on the effect that personal protective eyewear has on the physiological, cognitive and biomechanical contributions to postural control. These findings suggest that while personal protective eyewear may serve to protect an individual from eye injury, an individual's use of such personal protective eyewear may have deleterious effects on sensory information associated with information processing and postural control.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Preventing eye injuries. What to tell patients.

Primary care physicians can help prevent a large number of eye injuries by giving their patients a few simple safety tips. Eye protectors with polycarbonate plastic lenses are recommended for most athletes, regardless of whether they have normal vision or they wear glasses or contact lenses. Polycarbonate lenses in a sturdy frame also offer protection during common daily, recreational, and avocational activities.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Bell's palsy. A diagnosis of exclusion.

In cases of acute unilateral facial weakness, a careful and systematic evaluation is necessary to identify the cause. Idiopathic facial paralysis (Bell's palsy) is a diagnosis of exclusion. It is also the most common cause of unilateral facial weakness seen by primary care physicians. The most important aspect of initial treatment is eye protection. Administration of systemic oral corticosteroids may lessen severity and duration of symptoms.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1999

Effects of early reduced light exposure on central visual development in preterm infants.

The aim of this study was to determine, in infants born at < or =29 weeks postmenstrual age until 32 weeks postmenstrual age, whether reduction to light stimulation by occlusion of eyes affected central visual development. The pattern visual-evoked potential responses at 41 and 51 weeks postmenstrual age and 3 y of age did not differ between infants subjected or not to ocular occlusion. Hence, an early marked reduction in light stimulation in preterm infants does not seem deleterious to visual development.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2001

Skin irritation in users of brominated pools.

This study investigated adverse skin and eye effects in swimmers using pools with three different disinfection systems (chlorine, chlorine/ozone and bromine/ozone) and monitored water quality parameters that may be related to adverse health effects. A cross-sectional study of 770 children swimming in three school pools was carried out over a 4 week period in November 1994 using a postal questionnaire. Physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters of water quality were monitored on a weekly basis. Responses were obtained for 385 swimmers. Skin rashes with an onset less than 24 h after swimming in the school pool were reported by 4-8% of swimmers. Compared with the bromine/ozone pool, the odds ratio (OR) of having a rash that started less than 24 h after pool use was 1.91 (CI 0.71-5.10) for the chlorine pool and 1.88 (CI 0.61-5.81) for the chlorine/ozone pool. Adjustment for possible confounders made no significant differences to these results. Eye redness, itch or irritation was reported by 23-33% of swimmers and 24% of non-swimmers, and wearing swimming goggles had a protective effect (OR 0.40; CI 0.24, 0.65). Disinfectant levels were more consistently maintained in the pools with automatically controlled systems. The bromine disinfection system was not associated with a greater risk of the development of skin rashes than other disinfection systems, but the numbers were small, and need to be interpreted with caution.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Injury surveillance in construction: eye injuries.

Occupational eye injuries are both common and preventable. About 20% of occupational eye injuries occur in construction. To investigate the nature of eye injuries among construction workers, we analyzed a large data set of construction worker injuries. In addition, we interviewed 62 workers with eye injuries to further explore circumstances of eye injury and workers' attitudes and behavior toward the use of eye protection. Eleven percent (363 cases) of the 3,390 construction workers in our data set were treated for eye injuries. Welders, plumbers, insulators, painters/glaziers, supervisors, and electricians had a higher proportion of all injuries due to eye injuries than other trades. Nearly half of the diagnoses were abrasions (46%) followed by foreign objects or splash in the eye (29%), conjunctivitis (10%), and burns (5%). In the interviews with 62 workers, we found that employers very frequently required eye protection for all tasks or for high-risk tasks, and workers report wearing eye protection regularly. However, most did not wear eye protection with top and side shields; if we believe the injuries occurred because a particle or liquid passed between the glasses and the workers' faces, increased use of goggles or full shields would have prevented two-thirds of this group of injuries.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2000

Maintenance operations: workstation adjustment, working posture, and workers' perceptions.

In the study maintenance workers were involved in pneumatic wrenching, oxy-gas cutting, and grinding at 5 different heights. Working posture and workers' perceptions were measured. Guidelines on working height were formulated in order to minimize the load on the musculoskeletal system. Data from the present experiment as well as from literature were studied in depth in order to disclose generic mechanisms behind the adoption of working postures during visual-manual operations in relation to workstation adjustment. It was found, for instance, that the working posture was constrained by a strictly followed relationship between gaze inclination and head inclination for-/backwards. Also, the study provided insight into the role of visual interference, viewing distance, manipulation distance, hand grip of the tool, and body support for stability. Concerning evaluation criteria for working postures, it was concluded that neck flexion/extension (i.e., head inclination for-/backwards versus trunk inclination for-/backwards) seems to be the dominant determinant of neck load, as compared to head inclination for-/backwards. Furthermore, the position of the upper arm with respect to the trunk, that is, shoulder flexion/retroflexion in particular, seemed to be a dominant determinant of shoulder and shoulder girdle load, as compared to upper arm elevation.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Users' demands regarding dental safety glasses. Combining a quantitative approach and grounded theory for the data analysis.

Eye infections are common among dentists and many are concerned, but few are using proper eye protection. To understand users' demands behind the low use of safety glasses, all dental teams in Sweden were asked which factors they found most important when choosing dental safety glasses, and rate the importance of 31 statements regarding ergonomic aspects of dental safety glasses in a questionnaire. Data were analysed using the Grounded Theory and a quantitative approach. Results showed that dentists ranked the visual aspects as most important and chair assistants the protective aspects. The highly visual demanding work performed by dentists requires safety glasses that are not yet available on the market, which might explain the low use.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2001

The relationship between the difference in prismatic refractive power of an eye-and-face protector and its thickness, radius of curvature, and material.

With the help of the research results presented here and on the basis of a graphic analysis we aim to prove the existence of a relationship between the difference in prismatic refractive power and the thickness, curvature radius, and type of material used for panoramic oculars in protective spectacles, goggles, and face shields. The difference in the prismatic refractive power is a fundamental optical characteristic of a protective ocular without corrective effect. According to Standard No. EN 165:1995 (European Committee for Standardization, 1995) the difference in the prismatic refractive power is a difference in the prismatic effect at 2 observation points of an eye-protector.

Eye Protective Devices↗
PubMed1979

A critical evaluation of the protection provided by common safety glasses from ultraviolet emissions in welding operations.

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate critically several brands of safety spectacle lens and side shield combinations to determine their attenuation characteristics for ultraviolet (UV) radiation. By combining the information developed in this investigation with field data on UV from arc welding operations, it was possible to draw the conclusion that under the conditions stated, ordinary safety glasses with solid side shields provided adequate eye protection from UV.

Conjunctivitis↗
PubMed1980

Hazard analysis on gaussian shaped laser beams.

Laser safety evaluations are usually difficult for those who do not perform these evaluations every day. The author develops formulae for hazard evaluation based on a Gaussian beam shape. These formulae may be applied to a variety of situations even though an electronic calculator usually is required to solve them. Formulae are developed for calculating beam diameter, irradiance, nominal ocular hazard distance, atmospheric absorption, required optical density for laser safety eyewear, and related quantities.

Eye Injuries↗
PubMed1984

Nonionizing radiation aspects of optical fiber manufacturing.

Evaluation of the spectral distribution of the electromagnetic emissions from a system composed of a hydrogen-oxygen torch and a glass tube, used in the manufacturing of glass rods from which optical fibers are drawn, indicated levels in the visible and infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that necessitated a specific type of eye protection to be worn by employees operating this equipment. Specific eye wear which provided qualities of both being lightweight and reducing transmission of all three major regions of the electromagnetic spectrum (ultra-violet, visible, infrared) were specified.

Eye↗
PubMed1988

A study of burn-through times for laser protective eyewear.

The authors studied the performance of laser protective eyewear currently in use at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: a goggle with a cellulose propionate filter from Glendale Protective Technologies and a goggle with a glass optical filter from Spectra Optics. A new polycarbonate optical filter material from Glendale was studied also, and its performance was compared with that of the cellulose propionate material. The authors used three lasers in the study: a single-pulse (variable pulse length) Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm; a pulsed copper-vapor laser with a pulse-repetition frequency of 6.08 kHz and a wavelength of 510.6 nm; and a pulsed xenon-fluoride laser with a repetition rate variable up to 100 Hz and a wavelength of 351 nm. Where possible, the output power of each laser was increased systematically to the damage threshold of the material and beyond. The results showed that the new polycarbonate optical filter suffered less damage at equivalent laser beam challenges than the cellulose propionate optical filter. The glass goggle, which was designed specifically for use at the 510.5-nm wavelength, sustained no visible damage from the specified laser light at the highest power levels the authors could achieve.

Eye Protective Devices↗
PubMed1989

Optical radiation hazards of laser welding processes. Part II: CO2 laser.

There has been an extensive growth within the last five years in the use of high-powered lasers in various metalworking processes. The two types of lasers used most frequently for laser welding/cutting processes are the Neodymium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) and the carbon dioxide (CO2) systems. When such lasers are operated in an open beam configuration, they are designated as a Class IV laser system. Class IV lasers are high-powered lasers that may present an eye and skin hazard under most common exposure conditions, either directly or when the beam has been diffusely scattered. Significant control measures are required for unenclosed (open beam), Class IV laser systems since workers may be exposed to scattered or reflected beams during the operation, maintenance, and service of these lasers. In addition to ocular and/or skin exposure hazards, such lasers also may present a multitude of nonlaser beam occupational concerns. Radiant energy measurements are reported for both the scattered laser radiation and the plasma-related plume radiations released during typical high-powered CO2 laser-target interactions. In addition, the application of the nominal hazard zone (NHZ) and other control measures also are discussed with special emphasis on Class IV industrial CO2 laser systems.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed2003

Assessment of the compliance of Nigerian dentists with infection control: a preliminary study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the compliance of a group of Nigerian dentists with standard infection control practices. METHOD: A confidential self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among dentists engaged in active clinical practices in public hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria (n = 185). RESULTS: One hundred forty-six questionnaires were returned (response rate, 78.9%). Most (70.6%) of the dentists always wore gloves when treating patients, whereas 29.4% sometimes did. Regarding facemasks, 45.9% always wore them, 52.7% sometimes wore them, and 1.4% never wore them. Protective eye wear was always worn by 4.8% of the dentists, sometimes worn by 52.7%, and never worn by 42.5%. Approximately half (50.7%) of the respondents had received hepatitis B vaccination. Sterilization was performed using a combination of methods, including autoclaving (84.1%), boiling (19.3%), dry heat (17.5%), and chemicals (29.7%). Nonavailability of materials was the major reason for noncompliance with infection control practices. CONCLUSIONS: Nigerian dentists need continuous education regarding infection control. Also, Nigerian hospitals urgently need adequate funding for up-to-date and functional equipment and materials.

Dental Service, Hospital↗