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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

The use of multistage exercise testing with wheelchair ergometry and arm cranking in subjects with spinal cord lesions.

The primary aim of this investigation was to compare maximum wheelchair performance with arm cranking using a multistage progressive work load protocol. In five subjects with a wide range of neurological disability and two normal males the differences observed in maximum oxygen uptake, heart rate and ventilation during two forms of upper limbs exercise, were not significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Ergometry in the assessment of antihypertensive treatment (author's transl)].

A standardized ergometric test, suitable for recognizing abnormally high exercise blood pressures as well as the influence of hypotensive drugs on blood pressure, was employed in 13 of 28 hypertensives being treated with a combination of beta-receptor blockers (oxprenolol, 80 mg), a diuretic (chlortalidone, 10 mg), and a vasodilator (hydralazine, 25 mg). This combination was an effective antihypertensive measure with few side effects, particularly so in reducing elevated exercise blood pressures.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Maximal aerobic power in cycle ergometry in middle-aged men and women, active in sports, in relation to age and physical activity.

Reliable standards of maximal power output in middle-aged and physically active men and women are desirable in sports-medical practice. For this purpose maximal cycle ergometer tests were evaluated in 2038 men and 898 women over 40 years of age (46.8 +/- 6.1 years (mean +/- SD) and 47.5 +/- 6.6 years), who volunteered in a sports-medical check-up and all of whom were active in sports for at least three months in the year preceding the screening (4.3 +/- 3.1 hours/week respectively 3.6 +/- 2.5 hours/week). The range of maximal values for power output (Wmax), heart rate (HRmax), systolic blood pressure (SBPmax) and peak plasma lactate concentrations (PPLa) during progressive cycle ergometer testing are presented for males and females who were divided into groups with a 5-years age difference. Wmax varied with sex (male = 1, female = 0), age (year) and height (cm); Wmax = 65.3 x (sex) + 2.0 x (height) -1.9 x (age) - 67.9 (See = 38.2; r = 0.76). The weighing of different factors that influence performance was also studied by multiple regression analysis to provide improved precision in standards used to interpret exercise tests. In both men and women about half of the variation of Wmax could be explained by the independent variables age, body mass, body fat, smoking habits, vital capacity, heart rate, and physical activity parameters. It is concluded that active involvement in endurance sports and/or the use of the bicycle for transport, contributed substantially to cardiovascular fitness in healthy, middle-aged men and women.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Treadmill ergometry and heart-volumes in elite biathletes: a longitudinal study.

In a retrospective study in elite biathletes we investigated to what extent spiroergometric data, determinations of the anaerobic threshold and measurements of heart volume were related to former training programs, respectively subsequent achievements in competition. Between 1980 and 1987 top athletes of international (team A) as well as of national class (team B) underwent maximal graded treadmill tests in the laboratory. Twice a year maximal oxygen uptake (ml/kg.bw/min), maximal treadmill velocity (km/h), oxygen uptake and treadmill velocity at the anaerobic threshold (defined at 4 mmol/l lactate) were measured during maximal exercise, and absolute and relative heart-volume (heart volume/kg.bw) were evaluated at rest. Evaluation of ergospirometric and heart volume data revealed some relationship to various forms and intensities of training. Observations of team A athletes showed that up to 1985 there was a fairly good relationship between ergospirometry findings and achievements in competition during the following season. For heart volume, however, no such relationship could be found. The skating method introduced in cross-country skiing in 1985 gave more importance to the running technique than to absolute endurance capacity. From this time on the predictive value of laboratory tests clearly diminished.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Bicycle ergometry and speed skating performance.

A comparison between maximal power output during cycling and skating was made, and correlates of skating performance with bicycle performance and skating technique were investigated. Twenty-five well-trained speed skaters performed two bicycle tests and a 500-m and 1500-m ice skating race. The power (P) during skating is calculated from ice and air friction losses: at 500 m P500 = 344 +/- 60 W and at 1500 m P1500 = 283 +/- 65 W. Stroke frequency and pre-extension knee angle as principle determining factors of P were determined. The two bicycle tests (of 30" and 2'30" duration, maximal performance) yield P30C = 875 +/- 86 W and P2.30C = 420 +/- 52 W with VO2max = 4.76 +/- 0.45 l/min. The highest correlate of P500 as well as of P1500 appeared to be P30C, respectively, r = 0.78 and r = 0.85. Correlation coefficients between the power during skating and P2.30C or VO2max have a value of about 0.6. If the stroke frequency and P30C are correlated with the power during skating, then high multiple correlation coefficients are obtained: at 500 m R = 0.85 and at 1500 m R = 0.90. The correlation of P30C suggests that the interindividual differences of skating performance at 500-m and 1500-m distances can be attributed substantially to differences in anaerobic power. Yet, the predictive value of the bicycle test for speed skating performance is low. The difference observed between maximal power output during cycling and skating is discussed.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1985

[Prognostic value of symptom-limited ergometry 3 weeks after acute myocardial infarct].

96 patients, under 70 years of age, underwent symptom-limited (maximal) exercise testing in the 3rd week after an acute myocardial infarction when neither cardiac insufficiency, angina pectoris (post-infarction) nor malignant arrhythmias were present. A further 29 patients, who could not be exercised because of the reasons mentioned, had a significantly higher frequency of coronary events during the 14 month observation period than those patients who could be exercised (55% vs. 23%, P = 0.05). When signs of (reversible) ischaemia occurred during exercise testing (angina pectoris, ST-segment depression greater than 0.1 mV), the one-year prognosis was significantly worse than in patients having no ischaemia. By means of this test the occurrence of a "coronary event" can be forecasted with high sensitivity (92%) but low specificity (46%). Thus, the negative test ("predictive value" 94%) is suitable for recognising patients with low spontaneous risk thus sparing them from further invasive investigations.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Exercise energy expenditure in extreme obesity: influence of ergometry type and weight loss.

Bicycle and treadmill exercise tests including oxygen uptake (VO2) and heart rate (HR) determination were carried out on a total of thirty patients with obesity, seventeen of whom were reinvestigated after weight loss. During both types of work VO2 for a given load was higher when compared to healthy controls. The increase of VO2 was more marked when cycling was performed in sitting position than in supine. The mechanical efficiency of sitting bicycle exercise averaged 17.8% and was negatively related to the percentage overweight; the slope of the VO2/load regression line was slightly less in comparison to the controls, while no such difference was found during treadmill walking. After weight reduction the VO2/load regression line was skifted downwards, the slopes being unchanged, thus the mechanical efficiency improved. This study not only confirms the observation of a low mechanical efficiency of obese subjects but also demonstrates that the change is quantitatively related to the overweight. The lowered efficiency was caused by body mechanical factors and there was no support for an abnormal muscular efficiency. Exercise tests should be combined with VO2 determination, if used to assess the circulatory capacity of obese subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Bicarbonate ingestion: effects of dosage on 60 s cycle ergometry.

Nine healthy male subjects who were all participating in athletic events volunteered to take part in this study, the aim of which was to determine whether there are specific dosages of sodium bicarbonate (HCO3-) that are useful as an ergogenic aid as far as anaerobic performance times are concerned. A control, placebo (CaCO3 500 mg kg-1) and five dosages of bicarbonate (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mg kg-1) were used. The anaerobic test consisted of pedalling a Repco Exertech cycle ergometer for 1 min during which total work (kJ) and peak power (W) were measured. The subjects completed more work in the 200 (P < 0.05), 300, 400 and 500 mg kg-1 (P < 0.005) trials with most work being undertaken in the 300 mg kg-1 trial (41.9 kJ min-1). Peak power was not significantly different from the control until the 300 mg kg-1 dose, and there were no further changes from this with increasing doses of HCO3-. The highest level of peak power achieved was 1295 +/- 72.8 W at the 300 mg kg-1 dosage. Blood pH indicated that after ingestion of all but the 100 mg kg-1 dose, a state of alkalosis was achieved (P < 0.005), and this was also indicated by changes in base excess. Bicarbonate levels increased post-ingestion in all but the 100 mg kg-1 dose, with these changes reflecting the changes that occurred in the work output. Blood lactate (BLa) levels increased post-exercise (P < 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1996

Optimized and corrected peak power output during friction-braked cycle ergometry.

Assessments of maximal intensity exercise which determine peak power output on friction-baked cycle ergometers have fallen into two categories: correction procedures which account for changes in momentum of the ergometer's flywheel and optimization procedures which attempt to satisfy muscle force-velocity relationships. The aim of this study was to compare performance in each procedure and so investigate assumptions which underpin the tests. Nineteen males aged 20.9 +/- 0.4 years and 18 females aged 22.2 +/- 0.7 years (mean +/- S.E.M.), who were fully accustomed to the procedures, participated in a single experimental protocol. After a 5 min warm-up, the subjects performed four bouts of all-out exercise on a Monark 814E cycle ergometer against randomly assigned loads. The loads were selected to produce peak pedalling rates in the range 100-200 rev min-1 and each bout lasted 10 s. From the inverse linear relationship between applied load and peak pedalling rate, optimized peak power output (PPopt) and the accompanying pedalling rate (RPMopt) were calculated. One of the bouts used a loading equivalent to 7.5% of body weight and for this bout corrected peak power output (PPcorr) and its corresponding pedalling rate (RPMcorr) were calculated. The PPopt was less than PPcorr in the males (915 +/- 35 vs 1005 +/- 32 W) and females (673 +/- 33 vs 777 +/- 39 W) (both P < 0.001). Similarly, RPMopt was less than RPMcorr (111 +/- 1 vs 128 +/- 2 rev min-1 and 101 +/- 1 vs 111 +/- 2 rev min-1 in the males and females, respectively; P < 0.001). The results demonstrate that optimization and correction procedures produce different values of performance. These differences are probably attributable to the mechanical principles which underpin the tests.

Adult↗