Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Early detection”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Dementia and Alzheimer disease. Early detection and treatment].

Early diagnosis and treatment of dementia are intimately connected following recent progress in these topics and limitation of actual treatments to the initial cause of this ailment. Precise diagnosis alone can lead to adequate treatment and a logical procedure is mandatory to define, as precisely as possible, the exact aetiology. The first step will be to establish if the patient is demented, then if it is a curable dementia and finally if the dementia is treatable. If necessary, work up can be completed by a precise typing of the disease. Beside support which is a basic option for these diseases but out of the scope of this paper, the clinician will aim, if possible, to prescribe an aetiological treatment or at least a symptomatic one. This last can be not only non-specific, based on antidepressants, sedatives and neuroleptics, but also specific. This last therapeutic option has tremendously evolved recently with the coming of acetylcholine aimed treatment, particularly cholinesterase inhibitors which are the first medications to be demonstrated as effective for Alzheimer's disease. Even if these drugs have still significant limitations, therapeutic nihilism which was often the rule has to be abandoned and must be an incentive to keep on with research for better diagnostic tests and therapeutic options.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed2000

The role of prostate-specific antigen velocity in prostate cancer early detection.

Prostate-specific antigen velocity (PSAV) is the rate of change in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values with repeated measurement over time. Accurate use of PSAV for prostate cancer early detection requires the use of two or more PSA levels collected over approximately 1.5 to 2 years. When these specimen collection criteria are met, more than 95% of men without prostate cancer will have a PSAV less than 0.75 ng/mL/y, whereas approximately 70% of men with prostate cancer will have a PSAV above this threshold. PSAV is thus more specific than routine PSA testing for the presence of prostate cancer, because few men (< 5%) without prostate cancer have a PSAV sufficient to trigger prostate biopsy. The use of PSAV in the increasing number of men with lengthy PSA histories obtained in systematic efforts at prostate cancer early detection may aid in diagnosing prostate cancer and spare some men unnecessary prostate biopsy. This review briefly summarizes the theoretic basis and clinical utility of PSAV in prostate cancer early detection.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

Spinal deformity in adolescence. Early detection and nonoperative management.

Scoliosis and kyphosis, as diseases, can be prevented by early detection of scoliosis and kyphosis as conditions. Nonoperative management is usually successful when its main aim is the prevention of progression. By the time the condition has reached the point where correction is necessary to produce an acceptable end result, nonoperative methods often fail. Scoliosis and kyphosis are frequently missed on routine school physical examinations because they are not specifically looked for or because the examiners are not aware of the early physical findings. The most efficient and effective way for early detection is through school screening clinics in the 10 to 13 year age group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Efficacy of ultrasonography and alpha-fetoprotein on early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma.

AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasonographic screening for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: The data of 14968 patients who had ultrasonography (US) for chronic liver diseases were collected into a database program from June 1995 to June 2005. The risk factors for HCC were also studied. A total of 6089 patients who had repeated US were enrolled, 264 patients were diagnosed with HCC during follow-up (mean, 39 mo). RESULTS: The detection rate of small HCC (<= 3 cm in diameter) was 67.7%. The tumor size detected by screening at the intervals of 6 mo was significantly smaller than that at longer intervals. Only 29.3% of HCC patients had an elevated serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) level above 400 ng/mL. The risk of HCC development during follow-up was higher in patients with liver cirrhosis (10.9%) and hepatitis C (9.0%) than in patients with chronic hepatitis (4.2%), hepatitis B (4.9%) and non-B, non-C hepatitis (NBNC, 3.9%). CONCLUSION: US screening at a interval of 6 mo is beneficial to high-risk patients over 40 years old and the early detection of HCC prolongs survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The early detection of prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Alliance of Canada.

In determining whether or not to undergo early detection tests (PSA and DRE), men must weight the possibility of early diagnosis and treatment of potentially aggressive prostate cancer against the limitation of these tests and decisions they will be faced with regarding treatment choices, effectiveness and side effects. The Prostate Cancer Alliance recommends that men 50 years of age or older talk to their physicians and inform themselves about the benefits and risks of early detection testing using PSA and DRE in order to make an informed decision about whether to have the tests. Men in higher risk categories (those with a family history of the disease or with an African Canadian ancestry) should consider this recommendation starting at age 40. Extensive information is available on these matters. Men should request such information from their family physician or their urologist and consult any or all of the groups sponsoring this message.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Systematic development of a guideline for early detection of prostate cancer: the German way in the evidence gap.

OBJECTIVE: To develop an evidence-based guideline, helping physcians make prudent decisions about diagnostic care for men wishing to undergo examination for early detection of prostate cancer. METHODS: A guideline development group, comprised of twenty healthcare professionals, including urologists, clinical chemists, pathologists, geriatricians, epidemiologists, technicians and a member of a patient self-help group, systematically gathered, evaluated, and discussed the most recent research available on early detection of prostate cancer. Nominal group technique (NGT) was employed to facilitate the decision-making process. RESULTS: The NGT was sufficient to find a consensus among different medical disciplines in a timely fashion. A standardized guideline, containing a short version for physicians and a standardized patient information booklet, for nation-wide use was developed. CONCLUSIONS: Population-based screening is not favoured, instead information should be given to men in their 50-70s, to enable shared decision-making between physician and patient for or against PSA-based early detection of prostate cancer.

Germany↗
PubMed1985

Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma by real-time ultrasonography. A prospective study.

For early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), real-time ultrasonography (US) was performed prospectively in 528 patients, including 236 with cirrhosis, 81 with chronic hepatitis, 168 asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen carriers, and 43 with a family history of HCC. Simultaneous measurement of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level was also done. In addition, 233 patients had regular controls at 3- to 6-month intervals, with an average follow-up period of 1.4 years. On initial screening, a total of 17 patients were found to have HCC: 13 in the cirrhotic group, 3 in the HCC family group, and 1 in the asymptomatic carriers. Of these HCCs, 7 were smaller than 3 cm, 6 were between 3 to 5 cm, and 4 were larger than 5 cm. In patients with tumors smaller than 5 cm, the AFP levels were normal in 46.2%, between 20 to 400 ng/ml in another 46.2%, and only 7.6% were over 400 ng/ml. On follow-up, another seven patients, all in the cirrhotic group, were found to have HCCs varying from 1.6 to 4.7 cm; three of them had normal serum AFP level. The authors conclude that real-time US is more sensitive than AFP assay in early detection of HCC, and the high-risk subjects should receive this procedure at regular intervals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Expanding horizons in breast and prostate cancer prevention and early detection. The 1992 Samuel C. Harvey Lecture.

Breast cancer and prostate cancer, the most common cancers in American women and men, respectively, are major public health concerns. Investigations into the prevention and early detection of breast and prostate cancer include research on the potential impact of diet, particularly dietary fat, on breast cancer risk; the chemoprevention of breast cancer using tamoxifen and N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide(4-HPR); the importance of mammography in early detection of breast cancer; the potential of finasteride in preventing or retarding the progression of early-stage prostate cancer; and improved detection of prostate cancer by combining various screening modalities. The importance of transferring information gained though such research to the health care community cannot be overemphasized. Further, it is critical that cancer prevention and detection education be built into the curricula of leading medical and biomedical institutions. Education is key to developing a strong and vigorous cancer prevention and early detection research program.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2006

Use of strain and tissue velocity imaging for early detection of regional myocardial dysfunction in patients with beta thalassemia.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF STUDY: Iron overload contributes to cardiac dysfunction in patients with beta thalassemia (Th). Tissue velocity and strain imaging (TVI and SI) might prove useful in early detection of regional myocardial dysfunction in these patients. The aim of this study is to clarify the value of TVI and SI in early detection of regional myocardial dysfunction in thalassemia patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study included two age-matched groups; G1: 27 Th patients and G2: 14 normal subjects. Conventional echo-Doppler measures of LV and RV dimensions and function were obtained. TVI measures included systolic and diastolic myocardial velocities (Sm, Em, Am and Em/Am) of the basal segments of septal wall, lateral LV and RV free walls. Systolic strain values were measured in the same basal segments and included S-septal, S-LV and S-RV. Strain and TVI data were compared in the two groups. Sm and strain values were compared in the different walls (LV, RV and septum) in each group separately. S-LV was lower in G1 than G2 (20.9 +/- 6.8 vs 27.2 +/- 4.3, p < 0.001), while S-septal was higher in G1 than G2 (31.1 +/- 8.3 vs 25.1 +/- 3.8, p < 0.01). TVI measures of diastolic performance of the septal and RV walls were different in G1 compared to G2. Septal-Em was lower, septal-Am was higher and septal-Em/Am was lower in G1 compared to G2. RV-Am was higher and RV-Em/Am was lower in G1 compared to G2. Other SI and TVI measures were not significantly different in G1 from G2. Sm and strain values were lower in the lateral LV wall compared to septal wall in G1 but not in G2, while the corresponding values of the RV wall were higher than those of the septal and LV walls in both groups (G1 and G2). CONCLUSION: Thalassemia patients have regional systolic dysfunction in the lateral LV wall and regional diastolic dysfunction in the septal and RV wall. TVI and the newer modality SI are promising tools for quantitative assessment of regional myocardial function. SI seems more capable of early detection of regional myocardial dysfunction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Educating women about early detection of gynecologic cancers using a brochure.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To develop and evaluate a brochure for educating women about screening for gynecologic cancers. DATA SOURCES: Journal articles and American Cancer Society (ACS) materials. DATA SYNTHESIS: This brochure focuses on early detection (based on ACS guidelines), signs and symptoms, and risk factors for cancers of the cervix, uterus, and ovaries as well as a detailed discussion of the Papanicolaou (Pap) test and the Bethesda System for grading test results. CONCLUSIONS: This brochure has been effective in educating a large number of women about early detection of gynecologic cancers. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Nurses can use this brochure as an effective adjunct to their public education programs that address early detection of gynecologic cancers.

Female↗
PubMed2004

Does routine child health surveillance contribute to the early detection of children with pervasive developmental disorders? An epidemiological study in Kent, U.K.

BACKGROUND: Recently changed guidelines for child health surveillance in the United Kingdom (U.K.) suggest targeted checks only, instead of the previously conducted routine or universal screening at 2 years and 3.5 years. There are concerns that these changes could lead to a delay in the detection of children with autism and other pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). Recent U.K. studies have suggested that the prevalence of PDD is much higher than previously estimated. This study establishes to which extent the routine checks contributed to the early detection and assessment of cases of PDD. Simultaneously we have evaluated the process involved and estimate the prevalence of PDD in our district. METHODS: Retrospective study design utilising community medical files. Headteachers of schools (n = 75) within Maidstone district (Kent) were asked to report all children with an established diagnosis of autism or PDD attending year 4 (born '91 and '92 / n = 2536) in October 2000 based on educational records. RESULTS: 59 schools (78.7%) took part in the study. A total of 33 children were reported. 21 fulfilled the inclusion criteria (12 falsely reported). The prevalences were (per 10,000): PDD 82.8 (male to female ratio 6:1), childhood autism 23.7, Asperger's syndrome 11.8 and autistic spectrum disorder 47.3. Co-existing medical conditions were noted in 14.3%; 52.4% were attending mainstream schools. In 63.2% of cases concerns--mainly in the area of speech and language development (SLD)--had been documented at the 2 year check. At the 3.5 year check concerns were noted in 94.1%--the main area was again SLD (76.5%), although behavioural abnormalities were becoming more frequent (47.1%). A total of 13 children (68.4%) were referred for further assessment as a direct result of the checks. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalences for different types of PDD were similar to figures published recently, but much higher than reported a few years ago. Analysis of our data suggests that routine surveillance is a valuable contributing factor for the early detection of PDD and thereby facilitates early intervention. Thus, if routine surveillance ceases, then an alternative method of early detection should be put in place.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2000

Culture as an influence on breast cancer screening and early detection.

OBJECTIVES: To explore how culture may play a part in breast cancer screening, early detection, and efforts to decrease breast mortality. DATA SOURCES: Journal articles published in the past 20 years on cultural aspects of cancer prevention and control. CONCLUSIONS: Research seems directed more at discovering cultural differences than at identifying similarities on how culture influences breast cancer screening and early detection. The influences of poverty and lack of educational opportunities account for much of what is termed cultural difference. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Improving practice through an informed understanding of culture calls for considerable self-education and a fundamental refinement of care delivery.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Early detection and prognosis of ovarian cancer using serum YKL-40.

PURPOSE: YKL-40 is a secreted glycoprotein (chitinase family). We compared YKL-40 with two ovarian cancer serum markers, CA125 and CA15-3, for the detection of early-stage ovarian cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serum YKL-40 levels were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for 46 healthy subjects, 61 high-risk individuals, 33 patients with benign gynecologic processes, and 50 preoperative patients subsequently diagnosed with predominantly early-stage ovarian cancer. Serum CA125 and CA15-3 values were obtained. RESULTS: Median YKL-40 level was 28 ng/mL (range, 15 to 166 ng/mL) for healthy subjects, 36 ng/mL (range, 9 to 69 ng/mL) for high-risk individuals without prior cancer, 44.5 ng/mL (range, 5 to 133 ng/mL) for high-risk patients with prior breast cancer, and 38 ng/mL (range, 5 to 67 ng/mL) for individuals with benign gynecologic processes (P = NS). Median preoperative YKL-40 level for ovarian cancer patients was 94 ng/mL (range, 17 to 517 ng/mL; P <.0001 compared with normal and high-risk). YKL-40 was elevated (>/= 62 ng/mL) in 36 (72%) of 50 patients compared with 23 (46%) of 50 and 13 (26%) of 50 patients for CA125 and CA15-3 (P <.008). Twenty (65%) of 31 early-stage patients had elevated serum YKL-40 levels compared with 11 (35%) of 31 and four (13%) of 31 patients for CA125 and CA15-3 (P =.039). YKL-40 levels increased with stage (P <.005), regardless of grade, histology, or patient age. Patients with early-stage tumors with YKL-40 values more than 80 ng/mL had a worse prognosis (71% recurrence v no recurrence [P =.034]). CONCLUSION: YKL-40 may represent a novel marker for the detection of early-stage ovarian cancer. YKL-40 levels in early-stage patients may also predict disease recurrence and survival. The utility of YKL-40 in detection of early-stage ovarian cancer deserves further investigation.

Adipokines↗
PubMed1999

African American men, prostate cancer early detection examination use, and informed decision-making.

It is well known that African American men are more likely to be diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer than White men. Racial variation in the use of prostate cancer early detection modalities (ie, digital rectal examination [DRE] and prostate-specific antigen [PSA] testing) has been suggested as a major reason for this differential. Several factors may help to explain the reported low levels of DRE and PSA test utilization among African American men, including background sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, and cognitive and psychosocial perceptions. In this review, the impact of these characteristics on prostate cancer early detection examination utilization is explored. Findings from studies showing race-related differences in cognitive and psychosocial factors are presented. Preparatory education for informed decision-making is suggested as an approach to help minimize racial differences in cognitive and psychosocial factors that influence the use of prostate cancer early detection modalities. The need to facilitate informed decision-making along the continuum of care is highlighted.

Black or African American↗
PubMed2003

The association between counseling, sun protection, and early detection of skin cancer in middle-aged Israelis.

BACKGROUND: Healthcare professionals' counseling is expected to prompt primary and secondary prevention of skin cancer. In this study, we evaluated the association between counseling on skin cancer prevention and early detection and the recommended behaviors in middle-aged people. METHODS: A random national cross-sectional telephone survey of 793 Israeli residents, aged 45-75 years, was conducted. The interviewees reported healthcare professionals' counseling and self-reported behaviors associated with sun protection and early detection of skin cancer. RESULTS: Counseling on sun protection was reported by less than 10% of respondents. The presence of self-reported skin-cancer risk factors was significantly associated both with sun protection counseling and behavior. However, there was no association between sun protection counseling and behavior in a regression model. The rate of counseling on self-skin examination among respondents with self-reported skin-cancer risk factors was 17%. Early detection behaviors were significantly associated with practitioner's counseling on this issue. CONCLUSION: Healthcare professionals' counseling on secondary skin cancer prevention seems to have a greater impact on behaviors than primary prevention counseling in middle-aged people and calls for improvement of primary prevention by health care professionals.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

A scoring system for the early detection of oral submucous fibrosis based on a self-administered questionnaire.

OBJECTIVES: The aims of the present study were to evaluate the frequent clinical complaints of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and to develop a scoring system for early detection of the disease by a self-administered questionnaire. METHODS: A total of 296 subjects were recruited, including 123 OSF patients without oral cancer and 173 betel quid chewers without OSF or oral cancer. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the symptom profile from study subjects. Their maximal mouth opening (MMO) between upper and lower incisor edges was measured and recorded by well-trained nurses. A binary logistic regression model examining the likelihood of OSF based on the eight symptoms of interest was used to develop the scoring system. RESULTS: Among 79 OSF subjects with an MMO < 35 mm, the most frequent complaint was trismus (87.3%), followed by burning sensation (76.0%) and xerostomia (72.2%). Among 44 OSF subjects with an MMO > or = 35 mm, burning sensation (68.2%) was the most frequent complaint, followed by trismus (54.5%) and xerostomia (54.5%). Six frequent complaints including trismus, burning sensation, xerostomia, sore throat, numbness, and oral ulceration were utilized to develop a scoring system for the early detection of OSF. The scoring system had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.90. CONCLUSION: This study suggests a screening questionnaire of frequent complaints for the early detection of OSF.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

The use of population attributable risk to estimate the impact of prevention and early detection of type 2 diabetes on population-wide mortality risk in US males.

The Population Attributable Risk (PAR) represents the proportion of the deaths (in a specified time) in the whole population that may be preventable if a cause of mortality were totally eliminated. This population-based measure was used to assess the potential impact of three public health interventions for type 2 diabetes (early detection + standard therapy; early detection + intensive therapy; and primary prevention) on the mortality risk from all causes and from cardiovascular (CVD) diseases. Potential reduction in mortality risks for several levels of compliance or implementation (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) for each intervention were also estimated. Results suggest that among males aged 45-74 years, the interventions may have greater population-wide impact on total deaths among black males, and greater impact on the CVD deaths among white males. Overall, primary prevention (reduction in all-cause mortality 6.2-10.0%, and CVD mortality 7.9-9.0%) may offer greater marginal benefit than screening and early treatment (reduction in all-cause mortality 3.5-8.3%, and CVD mortality 2.8-8.6%). Often the question facing policy makers is not simply whether to but how much of an intervention is worth implementing? Estimated benefits for various intensities of intervention (as provided) may be useful to assess the likely marginal benefits of each intervention, and can be especially useful if combined with estimated marginal costs.

Black or African American↗
PubMed2004

[Prevention and early detection of cancer of the skin].

The article demonstrates the importance of prevention and early detection of skin cancer as a consequence of the increasing morbidity and mortality of these tumours. Epidemiology, clinical appearance, diagnosis and therapy of the three most important and also most frequent malignant tumours of the skin, i.e. malignant melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma, are summarised. Subsequently the resulting means for primary and secondary prevention of these tumours are discussed. Finally the possibilities of the public health service for the prevention and early detection of skin cancer in Germany are shown with emphasis on the Bavarian prevention campaign "Sonne(n) mit Verstand" ("Sun with Sense").

Aged↗