Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “EGGS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Filler effects of oil droplets on the rheology of heat-set emulsion gels prepared with egg yolk and egg yolk fractions.

Hen egg yolk is a traditional ingredient used in a wide variety of food emulsions, especially fluid sauces. Industrial processing of these sauces generally involves heat treatments in order to pasteurise or sterilise them. These heat treatments may cause undesired gelation of the emulsion, because egg yolk proteins are particularly thermosensitive. Heat gelation of oil-in-water emulsions prepared with egg yolk may differ from that of egg yolk solutions, because of the influence of oil droplets on network formation. In this study, we investigated the influence of oil droplets on the gelation of oil-in-water emulsions made with yolk. We studied three pH values: 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0 with a constant NaCl concentration: 0.55 M. Oil droplet size was controlled after emulsification, gelation of solutions and emulsions was monitored in situ by coupling heating with recording viscoelastic properties, and transmission electron microscopy was conducted in heat-set emulsion gels. In an attempt to target the proteins that impose the kinetic of gelation of egg yolk, we repeated the experiment with plasma and granules, the main fractions of yolk. In situ rheology showed that, in our experimental conditions [especially oil volume fraction (0.3) and oil droplet size (d3.2=1 &mgr;m)], emulsions made with yolk and plasma have a similar gelation process with oil droplets acting as inactive fillers. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy showed similar network characteristics between heated emulsions made with yolk and plasma. Moreover, we demonstrated that acidic conditions provided the fastest gelation of yolk solutions and emulsions. On the other hand, in emulsions prepared with granules, oil droplets behaved as active filler particles and reinforced the gel strength.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1987

The involvement of eggs and soluble egg antigens in resistance to Schistosoma japonicum.

Mice presensitized with SEA and subsequently injected with S. japonicum eggs into their lungs or liver developed pathology similar to that found in infected mice and were consequently resistant to challenge (average 33% and 53%, respectively). However, soluble egg antigens were also capable of inducing low levels of resistance in mice (average 22.5%), but intact eggs alone injected into the lungs, liver or subcutaneous tissues were not. Thus, prior sensitization to 'marginally' protective soluble egg antigens is necessary for egg induced resistance.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Effects of wheat germ agglutinin on tunicate egg activation and fertilization: is there a plasma membrane sperm receptor system on Ascidia ceratodes eggs?

Little work has been carried out on the sperm recognition systems present on the egg plasma membrane. Here it is shown that wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) interferes with the sperm-interacting system on the plasma membrane of eggs of the ascidian, Ascidia ceratodes. The WGA activates the dechorionated egg, indicating that a plasma membrane sugar residue can be directly tied to egg activation. Low concentrations of this lectin do not activate the eggs, but reduce fertilizability. This observation suggests that the WGA binding site might be part of a sperm reception-activation complex in the plasma membrane. While WGA also affects sperm binding to the chorion, the mechanisms of sperm interaction at the plasma membrane and chorion show different sensitivities to lectins, sugars and enzymes.

Acetylglucosamine↗
PubMed1982

A study of ultrastructure of egg shell of Schistosoma japonicum. I. Transmission electron microscopic observation of S. japonicum egg.

Ultrathin sections of egg shell of S. Japonicum were observed. The micropores and network of microcanals were first reported in egg shell of S. japonicum. Both the micropores and microcanals are lined by a membrane being continous with the inner layer of egg shell and filled with materials coming from inside of the egg. As in the egg of S. mansoni, the possibility of micropores and microcanals that may play an important role as natural channels in secreting materials such as soluble antigens and histolytic enzymes... etc., is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

Isozymes of lysozyme in leukocytes and egg white: evidence for the species-specific control of egg-white lysozyme synthesis.

Two structurally distinct forms of eggwhite lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.17) are known. The egg white of some species contains both of these forms, while the egg white of other species appears to contain only one or the other of them. We have immunological and electrophoretic evidence that the chicken, which has only one lysozyme type in its egg white, contains both types in its polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Experiments on Embden goose bone marrow showed that this tissue also contains both lysozymes, even though the egg white of this species contains only one of them. Our studies suggest that many avian species have the genetic loci that code for both forms of lysozyme, but that a species-specific regulatory mechanism controls whether one or the other or both of them are expressed during egg white production. The fact that two distinct lysozymes are present in chicken leukocytes may be of significance to the antibacterial mechanism of these cells, especially in light of the fact that they lack myeloperoxidase, an important leukocyte enzyme in mammals.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

A cholesterol-enriched diet enhances egg production and egg viability without altering cholesterol Content of biological membranes in the copepod Acartia hudsonica.

Copepods may lack the capacity for de novo synthesis of cholesterol, while at the same time their dietary levels of sterol vary. We tested the hypothesis that copepods maintain the cholesterol contents of their biological membranes despite varying dietary levels of cholesterol. Acartia hudsonica were acclimated for 5 d to phytoplankton alone or phytoplankton supplemented with cholesterol, at a level sufficient to induce a maximal response on egg production rates. Biological membranes were prepared from the copepods and cholesterol contents assayed. Egg production and hatch rates were measured (the former to confirm that supplemented cholesterol was being assimilated). Analyses of marker enzymes indicate that the majority of membrane-associated cholesterol in the copepod resides in the plasma membrane. In membranes fractions, cholesterol normalized to protein or activity of Na+/K+-ATPase is not significantly different for supplemented and unsupplemented groups (29 and 33 mu g cholesterol mg(-1) protein, respectively; 0.24 and 0.25 mg cholesterol U(-1) Na+/K+-ATPase, respectively). At the same time, acclimating animals to a diet enriched with cholesterol enhances egg production by up to 1.8-fold and egg viability by 1.5-fold. We conclude that a cholesterol-enriched diet stimulates both egg production and hatching rates without altering cholesterol contents of plasma membranes in the copepod A. hudsonica.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Localization of arabinogalactan proteins in egg cells, zygotes, and two-celled proembryos and effects of beta-D-glucosyl Yariv reagent on egg cell fertilization and zygote division in Nicotiana tabacum L.

Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) have been implicated in a variety of plant development processes including sexual plant reproduction. As a crucial developmental event, plant sexual reproduction generally occurs inside an ovule embedded in an ovary. The inaccessibility of the egg cells, zygotes, and embryos has hindered our understanding of the importance of AGPs in the early events involving fertilization, zygotic division, and early embryogenesis. In this study, the well-established in vitro zygote and ovary culture systems, together with immunofluorescence and immunogold labelling techniques, were employed to investigate the role of AGPs in the early events of sexual reproduction in Nicotiana tabacum. Dramatic changes in AGP content during ovule development were evidenced by western blotting. Subcellular localization revealed that AGPs are localized in the plasma membrane, cell wall, and cytoplasm of pre- and post-fertilized egg cells, and cytoplasm and vacuoles of two-celled proembryos. Abundant AGPs were detected in unfertilized egg cells; however, the level of AGPs substantially decreased in fertilized egg cells. Polar distribution of AGPs in elongated zygotes was observed. The early two-celled proembryos just from zygote division displayed accumulation of AGPs at a low level, while in the elongated two-celled proembryos at the late stage, the AGP content clearly increased. Provision of betaGlcY, a synthetic phenylglycoside that specifically binds AGPs, to the in vitro cultures of isolated zygote and fertilized ovaries increased abnormal symmetrical division of zygotes. In the culture of pollinated but unfertilized ovaries, addition of betaGlcY resulted in arrest of fertilization of the egg cells, but had no effect on fertilization of the central cells. The possible roles of AGPs in fertilization, zygotic division, and proembryo development are discussed.

Cell Division↗
PubMed2001

Carcass traits, ovarian morphology and egg laying characteristics in early versus late maturing strains of commercial egg-type hens.

Three hundred commercial Single Comb While Leghorn (SCWL) pullets of two strains differing in age at first oviposition (early maturing = EARLY; later maturing = LATE) were reared and photostimulated at 18 wk. Selected birds of each strain were killed at weekly intervals from 17 to 23 wk, at sexual maturity, or at 68 wk of age for the study of carcass and reproductive organ traits. Egg production was recorded for surviving hens to 68 wk of age. The two strains differed in age at sexual maturity (EARLY, 137.5 d; LATE, 142.1 d). The EARLY strain birds appeared to allocate a greater proportion of nutrients to reproductive development (oviduct) from 19 to 22 wk of age than did the LATE group, which showed greater breast muscle development during this same period. The LATE strain hens were significantly heavier than the EARLY hens at sexual maturity, and this difference in BW persisted to the end of the laying period. Although total egg production did not differ between strains, the LATE strain hens had a longer prime egg-laying sequence length (LATE, 70.2 d; EARLY, 52.6 d) as well as a longer mean sequence length (LATE, 12.8 d; EARLY, 8.7 d). Egg weight did not differ between strains. These data suggest that LATE lines of egg-type hens offer equivalent production efficiency due to improved rates of lay, albeit starting later.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed2000

Effects of perturbation of cell polarity on molecular markers of sperm-egg binding sites on mouse eggs.

The mouse germinal vesicle (GV)-intact oocyte is a symmetric cell, with the GV centrally localized and with components of the plasma membrane and cortex symmetrically distributed around the periphery of the oocyte. During oocyte maturation, two distinct regions of the egg plasma membrane and cortex develop: the amicrovillar region overlying the meiotic spindle and the microvillar region. The development of this polarity is significant, since sperm bind to and fuse with the microvillar region. We are interested in the development of egg polarity and have characterized the localizations of several markers for egg polarity in normal metaphase II eggs and GV-intact oocytes. The asymmetric distributions of these markers (including actin, cortical granules, binding sites for the sperm proteins fertilin alpha and fertilin beta, and two different beta(1) integrin epitopes) develop during oocyte maturation in vitro, and this polarity can be perturbed by treatments that disrupt the actin microfilaments or microtubules. In addition, immunoelectron microscopy reveals that binding sites for recombinant fertilin beta are specifically localized to the microvillar region, suggesting that the binding sites for this sperm ligand are either specifically localized or activated in this region. These results indicate that structural remodeling of the mouse egg plasma membrane is accompanied by molecular remodeling, resulting in the localization or activation of specific molecules in subdomains of the plasma membrane.

ADAM Proteins↗
PubMed1993

Introduction of a fluorescence-microscopic technique for the detection of eggs, egg shells, and mites in scabies.

A technique using the fluorescence microscope can prove helpful in the laboratory diagnosis of scabies. Specimens from fifteen patients with scabies were used in this study. All of the specimens were embedded with glycerine instead of potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution. The specimens were examined at 0 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 6 hrs, 24 hrs, and one week after mounting under light and fluorescence microscopes. Specimens embedded with non-fluorescent glycerine were not clear immediately after mounting but became so after about 1 hr. Eggs and egg shells were easily counted in the specimens under the fluorescence microscope but were very hard to identify under the light microscope. Mites were absent in half of the specimens; only eggs and egg shells were present in those specimens found by the fluorescence microscope. The above findings suggest that the detection of egg shells by the use of fluorescence microscope may be helpful for the diagnosis of scabies, in particular with mite negative specimens. Slides prepared with non-fluorescent glycerine were more stable and could be preserved for a long time. However, this method is time-consuming and requires expensive equipment.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

TaqMan DNA technology confirms likely overestimation of cod (Gadus morhua L.) egg abundance in the Irish Sea: implications for the assessment of the cod stock and mapping of spawning areas using egg-based methods.

Recent substantial declines in northeastern Atlantic cod stocks necessitate improved biological knowledge and the development of techniques to complement standard stock assessment methods (which largely depend on accurate commercial catch data). In 2003, an ichthyoplankton survey was undertaken in the Irish Sea and subsamples of 'cod-like' eggs were analysed using a TaqMan multiplex, PCR (polymerase chain reaction) assay (with specific probes for cod, haddock and whiting). The TaqMan method was readily applied to the large number of samples (n = 2770) generated during the survey and when combined with a manual DNA extraction protocol had a low failure rate of 6%. Of the early stage 'cod-like' eggs (1.2-1.75 mm diameter) positively identified: 34% were cod, 8% haddock and 58% whiting. As previous stock estimates based on egg surveys for Irish Sea cod assumed that the majority of 'cod-like' eggs were from cod, the TaqMan results confirm that there was probably substantial contamination by eggs of whiting and haddock that would have inflated estimates of the stock biomass.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The interval of the cytoplasmic cycle observed in non-nucleate egg fragments is longer than that of the cleavage cycle in normal eggs of Xenopus laevis.

Non-nucleate fragments of animal eggs are known to show a cyclic change in rigidity similar to the change observed in the cleavage of normal eggs. The interval of cyclic change was compared with that of the cleavage cycle in Xenopus eggs. Procedures employed by both Hara and co-workers and Sakai & Kubota to obtain non-nucleate fragments were carefully repeated. Non-nucleate fragments produced by either of those procedures had a longer duration of cycle than the normal cleavage cycle (about 30%). By injection of colchicine or vinblastine the cycle of the nucleate fragment was lengthened to coincide with that of the non-nucleate partner. It is suggested that the basic cycle length intrinsic to egg cytoplasm is modulated by assembly-disassembly of the mitotic apparatus, as demonstrated by Sluder in the chromosome cycle of sea urchin eggs.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Immunoperoxidase localization by electron microscopy of soluble egg antigen and human IgG in circumoval precipitin reactions around Schistosoma mansoni eggs.

Soluble egg antigen and human IgG were localized by the unlabelled antibody enzyme technique for electron microscopy on Schistosoma mansoni eggs having circumoval precipitin reactions. Reaction products indicating the presence of soluble egg antigen were on portions of the circumoval precipitate outside the egg, between the eggshell and vitelline membrane, and between the vitelline membrane and miracidium inside the egg. Reaction products indicating human IgG were only found on portions of the circumoval precipitate external to the eggshell.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

The soluble sperm factor that causes Ca2+ release from sea-urchin (Lytechinus pictus) egg homogenates also triggers Ca2+ oscillations after injection into mouse eggs.

Cytosolic extracts of boar sperm contain a soluble phospholipase C (PLC) activity that induces Ca2+ release in sea-urchin (Lytechinus pictus) egg homogenates and an uncharacterized protein factor that causes Ca2+ oscillations when injected into mammalian eggs. In the present study we fractionated boar sperm extracts on three different FPLC chromatographic columns and found that the fractions that caused maximal Ca2+ release in sea-urchin egg homogenates were also the ones that triggered Ca2+ oscillations in mouse eggs. Our data suggests that the sperm factor which triggers Ca2+ oscillations in eggs contains a PLC and not the 33 kDa glucosamine deaminase previously suggested to be one its components.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effect of cool storage of faecal samples containing Haemonchus contortus eggs on the results of an in vitro egg development assay to test anthelmintic resistance.

An in vitro egg development assay was used to test the resistance of eggs from a benzimidazole susceptible and a resistant strain of Haemonchus contortus to four benzimidazoles. Storage of eggs contained in faecal samples at 4 degrees C for four, 24 or 72 hours did not appear to impair the results from the in vitro egg development assay or alter the LD50. Storage for one week, however, proved to be lethal for the eggs. The average LD50 values for thiabendazole, albendazole, mebendazole and cambendazole were 0.06, 0.07, 0.96 and 2.47 ppm for the susceptible strain. For the resistant strain the values averaged 0.26, 0.24, 1.07 and 5.11 ppm.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Glycopeptides in soluble egg antigen of Schistosoma mansoni: isolation, characterization, and elucidation of their immunochemical and immunopathological relation to the major egg glycoprotein (MEG).

The major egg glycoprotein (MEG) of Schistosoma mansoni was purified by ion-exchange chromatography of glycoprotein fraction obtained from soluble egg antigen (SEA) by lectin affinity chromatography. Small carbohydrate-rich fragments (CRF) contained in the glycoprotein fraction of SEA were isolated by ultrafiltration followed by dialysis (10 to 13 kd). Comparison of MEG and CRF yielded the following results: purified MEG (70 kd) contains about 77% carbohydrate, and CRF contains 92.5% carbohydrate. When radioiodinated and run by SDS-PAGE, each yielded a single band with respective Rf values of around 0.33 and 1.0 CRF is capable of inhibiting, in a Farr-type RIA, the binding of 125I-MEG to serum from chronically infected mice. Furthermore, CRF and MEG exhibit a single and continuous line of radioimmunodiffusion. CRF, unlike SEA, SEA glycoproteins, or purified MEG, is incapable of eliciting delayed footpad swelling in egg-sensitized mice or of inducing granulomatous hypersensitivity, when given at amounts equivalent to or higher than MEG by protein or carbohydrate content. Thus, whereas SEA, SEA glycoproteins, or MEG elicited in a representative test net swelling of 0.28 mm, 0.34 mm, and 0.29 mm, respectively, CRF gave net swellings of 0.06 mm, similar to the control value (0.07 mm) in unsensitized mice. Also, mice sensitized to viable eggs, SEA, or purified MEG exhibited, after i.v. challenge with viable eggs, a mean area of granulomas in the lungs of 12,389 micron2, 16,412 micron2, and 12,354 micron2, respectively, as compared with 7940 micron2 in CRF-sensitized mice and 8428 micron2 in unsensitized control mice. Thus, CRF appears to contain fragments of MEG that are serologically active but immunopathologically inactive at the concentrations used.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccination: effects on egg transmission and egg production.

The effects of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) vaccination on egg transmission of MG and egg production were evaluated. Leghorn hens vaccinated with live MG (strain F), with strain F plus MG bacterin, with one dose of MG bacterin, or with two doses of MG bacterin all transmitted MG through the egg at a significantly lower level than unvaccinated controls. Hens vaccinated with two doses of MG bacterin had the longest lag before detectable transmission of MG through the egg. All vaccinated groups were protected against the egg-production drop seen in unvaccinated hens challenged with virulent MG.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Pathogenesis of reduced egg production and soft-shelled eggs in laying hens associated with Leucocytozoon caulleryi infection.

The pathogenesis of reduced egg production with soft-shelled eggs in laying hens naturally infected with Leucocytozoon caulleryi was investigated. Many large schizonts of L. caulleryi schizonts were seen in the ovary and oviducts of chickens. Granulomatous and lymphocytic inflammation, edema, and pressure atrophy were associated with these schizonts. The uterine region that secretes the egg shell exhibited the most severe damage. These lesions in the reproductive organs may explain the mechanism for causing the reduced egg production and soft-shelled eggs in laying hens infected with L. caulleryi.

Animals↗