Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Dapsone”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Dapsone as first line therapy for bullous pemphigoid.

In an open study, a total of 18 patients with proven bullous pemphigoid (16 new patients and two in relapse) were treated with a trial of dapsone (17 patients) or sulphonimide (one patient). Overall, eight patients were controlled on one of these agents as the sole treatment (44%). Six patients had a partial, but inadequate response, while four did not respond. The responses to the sulpha drugs were generally rapid, i.e. within 2 weeks, and the maximum doses used in any patient were 100 mg/day dapsone and 1.5 g/day of sulphapyridine or sulphamethoxypyridazine. Significant side-effects to dapsone occurred in six of the 17 patients. A trial of a sulphone or sulphonamide drug is warranted in bullous pemphigoid both as an initial treatment or in the treatment of relapse, particularly when there is a contraindication to the use of corticosteroids. Side-effects are common and therapy needs to be closely monitored.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Dapsone versus topical immunotherapy in alopecia areata.

Twenty-seven patients with severe alopecia areata were treated with dapsone. The results of a mean treatment duration of 10 +/- 0.5 months are reported, and compared with the results of long-term topical immunotherapy obtained previously at the same institute. The efficacy of dapsone proved to be markedly inferior to that of topical immunotherapy. The percentage of patients showing regrowth of hair during treatment with dapsone was comparable with the occurrence of spontaneous regrowth of hair reported in the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Adjuvant therapy of bullous pemphigoid with dapsone.

Thirteen patients with recurrent severe widespread recalcitrant bullous pemphigoid (BP) were studied. These patients had been initially treated with prednisone and azathioprine, and clinically responded. However, they frequently continued to have flare-ups or activation of the disease while still on treatment with high doses of these drugs. The addition of dapsone, as an adjuvant to the treatment, helped to produce a complete clinical remission in 12 patients (92%). In addition, there was a statistically significant difference in the median dose of prednisone, before and after the institution of dapsone, and in the maintenance dose of prednisone. Patients were tapered off prednisone more easily than before and did not flare at lower doses of prednisone as previously. It is suggested that, in patients with severe, recalcitrant, recurrent disease, the addition of dapsone to the existing regime of corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressive drugs, may be beneficial. This may be especially valuable to patients in whom corticosteroids have been used for prolonged periods and in whom increasing the corticosteroid dose further may be associated with significant side-effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Screening for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency prior to dapsone therapy.

Dapsone is widely used in dermatological practice. The case of a Greek female patient is reported who had a severe, acute, haemolytic episode shortly after commencing dapsone therapy, despite a normal glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) screening test. A subsequent quantitative assay revealed reduced levels of G6PD consistent with the heterozygous state. This illustrates that routine screening tests may fail to detect the decreased levels of (G6PD) which occur in female heterozygotes. Since these patients are at risk of severe dapsone-induced haemolysis, the need for quantitative G6PD assays in females from susceptible racial groups is emphasized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Effectiveness of a dapsone compliance program in leprosy.

BACKGROUND: Long-term effectiveness of a dapsone compliance program was assessed in patients with leprosy. METHODS: The monitoring program consists of urine dapsone/creatinine ratio determination at each visit with subsequent patient feedback and education. Eighty-eight patients receiving dapsone and seen in a leprosy clinic from 1985-1990 were included. RESULTS: The proportion of patients compliant with dapsone during a given year ranged from 70.0% (1987) to 94.4% (1989). Overall compliance for the 6-year period was 81.6%. This level of compliance was significantly different (P < 0.05) than the baseline compliance in the leprosy clinic of 46.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Compliance monitoring, combined with active patient involvement, was effective in sustaining high compliance over a 6-year period.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Successful treatment of acute dapsone intoxication using charcoal hemoperfusion.

A 22 year old female was admitted to hospital two hours after ingesting 4 g of dapsone. Over the next 15 h she developed progressive hemolysis and methemoglobinemia. Charcoal hemoperfusion and sequential dialysis were performed because of the serious risk of fatality following such a massive dose of dapsone. Charcoal hemoperfusion led to rapid clearing of dapsone from the circulation. This resulted in clinical improvement and controlled the progression of hemolysis and methemoglobinemia.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2005

Dapsone for chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in children and adults--a report on 90 patients.

Data on 90 patients (55 adults and 35 children) with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and a platelet count of <50 x 10(9)/L treated with dapsone at a dose of 1-2 mg/kg/d are presented. A response was observed in 57 (63.3%) patients. The average time for response was 3.5 months (range 1-9) and the average duration of treatment with dapsone was 10.4 months (range 4-14). Overall response rates of 65.7% and 61.8% were observed in children and adults respectively. Side effects requiring discontinuation of therapy were observed in three (2%) patients. These results demonstrate that dapsone is an effective, inexpensive and well-tolerated treatment for chronic ITP, in both children and adults and could be considered for patients who fail steroid therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Studies on the inhibitory effects of analogues of dapsone on neutrophil function in-vitro.

We have compared twelve sulphone analogues of dapsone in terms of inhibition both of zymosan-mediated human neutrophil respiratory burst and inhibition of interleukin-1-stimulated neutrophil adhesion to transformed human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Overall, there was a good correlation between the respective rank orders of compound potency in the two test systems. The most effective compounds in terms of respiratory burst and adherence inhibition were the 2-nitro-4-amino-, 2-hydroxy-4-aminopropyl-, and 2-methoxy-4-aminoethyl- derivatives. In general, potency was inversely associated with lipophilicity; compounds with bulky side-chains, e.g. the 2-methyl-4-aminopentyl, 2-methyl-4-aminohexyl and the 2-hydroxymethyl-4-aminoethyl derivatives, were less potent. A 2-hydroxy-4-amino- derivative was the exception, however, with low lipophilicity and relatively low potency. All of the compounds tested showed comparable or greater inhibition in both the neutrophil-mediated assays compared with dapsone. Some of the compounds might, because of their good tissue penetration and lower toxicity than dapsone, have the potential to undergo further development.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Enhanced in vitro activity of pyrimethamine in combination with dapsone against Mycobacterium avium complex.

The in vitro activities of pyrimethamine and dapsone alone and in combination were evaluated against 23 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium avium complex. The broth dilution MICs of dapsone and pyrimethamine alone ranged from 16 to > 64 micrograms/ml. Pyrimethamine in combination with a fixed concentration of dapsone at 0.5 microgram/ml showed enhanced activity, with an MIC range of 0.5 to 16 micrograms/ml.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1996

Combination of PS-15, epiroprim, or pyrimethamine with dapsone in prophylaxis of Toxoplasma gondii and Pneumocystis carinii dual infection in a rat model.

In a rat model of dual infection, we studied such dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitors as PS-15 (25 mg/kg of body weight), epiroprim (100 mg/kg), and pyrimethamine (3 mg/kg) alone or in combination with various doses of dapsone (50, 25, or 5 mg/kg) for the prevention of pneumocystosis and toxoplasmosis. Rats latently infected with Pneumocystis carinii were immunosuppressed by corticosteroids for 7 weeks, and the drugs were administered from the initiation of the corticosteroid treatment. At week 5, the rats were inoculated intraperitoneally with the RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii. Infections were monitored by the counting of P. carinii cysts in lung homogenates and the titration of T. gondii in organs by quantitative culture and an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Fourteen of the 15 untreated rats died after T. gondii challenge, with P. carinii infection in the lungs and T. gondii infection in the lungs, liver, spleen, and brain. Of the three tested DHFR inhibitors, only PS-15 exhibited anti-P. carinii activity; none prevented toxoplasmosis in 100% of the rats. After the DHFR inhibitors were combined with dapsone (50 or 25 mg/kg), both pneumocystosis and toxoplasmosis were completely prevented. On the basis of these results, PS-15 and epiroprim combined with dapsone are candidates for use for the prevention of both pneumocystosis and toxoplasmosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Bactericidal action of dapsone against Mycobacterium leprae in mice.

Dapsone (4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone), incorporated into the mouse chow in a concentration of 0.1 g/100 g of diet, was administered for 1 week to mice in which Mycobacterium leprae had multiplied to the level of 10(6) organisms/footpad. M. leprae were harvested from these and also from control mice, diluted serially, and inoculated into additional mice. The organisms recovered from untreated mice multiplied in passage with a mean doubling time of 12.2 days, and 35% or more of the inoculated organisms were viable, i.e., capable of infecting mice. Growth curves of M. leprae recovered from dapsone-treated animals lagged behind those of organisms from control animals by an average of 78 days, equivalent to 98.8% killing. Foot-by-foot harvests showed that only 0.2% of the M. leprae recovered from treated mice were viable, suggesting that treatment of mice with dapsone had been accompanied by killing of 99.4% of the viable M. leprae.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Outcome of attempts to treat rheumatoid arthritis with gold, penicillamine, sulphasalazine, or dapsone.

The outcome of attempts to continue treatment indefinitely with either gold, penicillamine, sulphasalazine, or dapsone was studied in 240 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The usual reason for discontinuing treatment was the occurrence of an adverse effect. This led to 53% of patients stopping gold, 33% sulphasalazine, 32% penicillamine, and 17% dapsone. The next most frequent reason was that the drug was ineffective, leading to discontinuation in 37% of patients having dapsone, 24% sulphasalazine, 19% penicillamine, and 16% gold. Other reasons for stopping treatment were infrequent. The high discontinuation rate of these drugs over 2 years in part accounts for the conflict of opinion on whether they can alter the course of RA; their efficacy must to a large extent be governed by their acceptability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Histopathological findings in the iris of dapsone treated leprosy patients.

From 43 Nepalese leprosy patients skin smear negative, and treated with dapsone (diamino diphenyl sulphone), and without any sign of active leprosy or iritis, specimens from iridectomy during cataract surgery were studied histopathologically. Of 49 iris specimens only six (12%) were found to be without any histopathological change. Atrophy of the iris stroma was seen in 63% and neovascularisation in 6% of all cases. In 16% in which the dilator muscle could be detected, it was atrophic, and in 11% the pigmented epithelium was thinned and atrophic. Cellular inflammatory infiltrations were seen in 88% of all specimens. They were mostly slight in eyes which before operation had been without posterior synechiae of the iris. In most of the eyes in which posterior synechiae had been present moderate or heavy inflammatory cell infiltrates composed of lymphocytes and plasma cells, often associated with macrophages, neutrophils, or eosinophils, were found. In five iris specimens acid fast bacilli were present. This raises the question whether these can survive systemically despite dapsone chemotherapy in the iris, thus leading to dapsone-resistant leprosy and to recurrent iritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of chloroquine, pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine, and chlorproguanil and dapsone as treatment for falciparum malaria in pregnant and non-pregnant women, Kakamega District, Kenya.

OBJECTIVE: To compare treatment and protection against falciparum malaria in pregnant and non-pregnant women with three drug regimens. DESIGN: Prospective intervention study with six weeks' follow up. Patients received one of three drug regimens in order of entry. SETTING: Primary care hospital and secondary girls' school in rural western Kenya. PATIENTS: 158 of 988 pregnant women (89 primigravid and 69 multigravid) in the third trimester and 105 of 1488 non-pregnant schoolgirls of reproductive age were parasitaemic (more than 500 asexual forms/microliter. These women were divided into three treatment groups by gravid state. INTERVENTIONS: Women were treated with chloroquine base 25 mg/kg over three days or pyrimethamine 75 mg and sulfadoxine 1500 mg as a single dose or chlorproguanil 1.2 mg/kg and dapsone 2.4 mg/kg as a single dose. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Parasitaemia and haemoglobin concentrations measured at seven day intervals for six weeks. RESULTS: Primigravid women were more likely to be parasitaemic on follow up than multigravidas or nulligravidas, whose response was about the same. Parasites did not clear by day 7 in primigravidas in six (20%) of 30 who received chloroquine, three (8%) of 35 treated with pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine, and none of 23 treated with chlorproguanil and dapsone. At day 28, 83%, 19%, and 67% of primigravidas in these treatment groups were parasitaemic. Haemoglobin concentrations rose in all women, but improvement was sustained only in women who remained free of parasites. CONCLUSIONS: Clearance of parasites was better with either pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine or chlorproguanil and dapsone than with chloroquine. Longest protection was obtained with pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Stimulation of K-C1 cotransport in rat red cells by a hemolytic anemia-producing metabolite of dapsone.

Dapsone, a sulfone compound used in the treatment of leprosy and, more recently, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, produces as a major side effect a hemolytic anemia. This anemia is characterized by oxidation of hemoglobin to methemoglobin and increased splenic uptake of red blood cells. Using a rat model, Grossman and Jollow (J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 244: 118-125, 1988) found that dapsone hydroxylamine (DDS-NOH), a dapsone metabolite, is responsible for its hemolytic effect in vivo. DDS-NOH also promotes hemoglobin binding to SH groups on rat red cell membrane proteins (Budinsky et al., FASEB J. 2: A801, 1988). Since the binding of hemoglobin and other reagents (e.g., N-ethylmaleimide) to membrane SH groups has been associated with increased K transport in red blood cells, we examined the effect of DDS-NOH on K efflux from rat red blood cells in vitro. Cells shrink when exposed to DDS-NOH (100 microM) in media with plasma-like ionic composition. This shrinkage is prevented if extracellular K is raised to 110 mM or if intra- and extracellular Cl are replaced by methylsulfate (MeSO4), suggesting involvement of a K-Cl cotransport pathway. Indeed, 100 microM DDS-NOH produces a 4- to 5-fold increase in K efflux in cells containing Cl but less than a 2-fold increase in cells containing MeSO4. This stimulatory effect is specific for K; Na efflux is slightly inhibited by 100 microM DDS-NOH. The concentrations of DDS-NOH required for half-maximal stimulation of Cl-dependent K efflux (53 microM) is similar to its half-maximal hemolytic concentration in rats (approximately 100 microM). Furthermore, the stimulation of Cl-dependent K efflux by DDS-NOH is greater than 80% reversed by subsequent treatment of the cells with dithiothreitol, suggesting involvement of SH groups. Our results indicate that DDS-NOH exposure stimulates an apparent K-Cl cotransport in rat red blood cells, resulting in cell shrinkage under physiological ionic conditions. Since shrinkage of red blood cells renders them less deformable (Mohandas et al., J. Clin. Invest. 66: 563-573, 1980), this suggests a pathophysiological mechanism whereby DDS-NOH exposure in vivo could promote increased splenic uptake of red blood cells and hemolytic anemia.

4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Idiopatic angioedema treated with dapsone.

The most commonly identified causes of angioedema are medications, allergens and physical agents, but most cases of angioedema are idiopathic. Treatment depends on identification of the causative agent and, especially when the mechanism is not identified, on the clinicians knowledge and experience with innovative therapeutic regimens. CASE REPORT: A 48-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of recurrent severe episodes of angioedema affecting the lips, tongue and throat. A fiberoptic examination revealed laryngeal edema during some episodes. He did not report abdominal pain, nausea or vomiting. No precipitating factors were identified. The patient was not receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. For the previous 4 years, the patient had been receiving levothyroxine for autoimmune thyroiditis. There was no history of facial palsy or hereditary angioedema. ALLERGY STUDY: Skin prick test with aeroallergens, food, latex, Anisakis and patch test to a standard series (true test) were negative. Laboratory investigations revealed normal complete blood count (CBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, urinalysis, blood biochemistry, serum protein electrophoresis and serum immunoglobulins. IgE concentration was 30 UI/ml. Antiperoxidase antibodies were positive (535 UI/ml). Antinuclear antibodies serum immune complexes and rheumatoid factor were negative. Complement study during acute and asymptomatic periods revealed normal values of C1 esterase inhibitor, C1q, C3, C4, functional activity of C1 inhibitor and CH50. No pathologic findings were observed in a lip biopsy. The patient was treated with sedating and nonsedating H1 antihistamines and corticosteroids (prednisone 30 mg/day for 3 months) with no clinical improvement and treatment with 50 mg of dapsone daily was started. Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency had previously been ruled out. The patient improved and antihistamine and corticoid treatment was withdrawn 1 month after starting the dapsone regimen. No episodes of angioedema appeared during the subsequent year. No reductions in hematologic parameters or adverse events were detected. Dapsone may be an alternative drug in extreme cases of idiopathic angioedema in patients with poor response to conventional therapy.

Angioedema↗
PubMed1978

Dapsone in the treatment of pemphigus vulgaris.

This is a report on two cases with pemphigus vulgaris effectively controlled by dapsone. In one, dapsone was added to the treatment after a failure of combined prednisone and methotrexate therapy to control the disease completely. It is suggested that dapsone may offer a means in an attempt to minimize adverse reactions met with during the long corticosteroid regimen required in pemphigus.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Serious adverse drug reactions to pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine, pyrimethamine-dapsone and to amodiaquine in Britain.

All reports of adverse reactions with pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine (Fansidar), pyrimethamine-dapsone (Maloprim), and amodiaquine spontaneously reported through the UK national post-marketing system were reviewed. Retrospective reporting rates of serious reactions associated with these drugs were analysed using prescription data from the Department of Health, derived from the Prescription Pricing Authority, and relevant pharmaceutical companies. Whilst interpretation of these data requires caution, they allowed comparison with reporting rates from other studies. The reported rate for all serious reactions to pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine was 1:2100 prescriptions, and for cutaneous reactions was 1:4900 prescriptions, with a fatality rate of 1:11,100. The reported rate for serious reactions to pyrimethamine-dapsone was 1:9100 prescriptions, and for blood dyscrasias was 1:20,000 prescriptions, with a fatality rate of 1:75,000. The reported rate of blood dyscrasias associated with amodiaquine was 1:2100 users with a fatality rate of 1:31,000. Serious hepatic disorders occurred in 1:11 1000 pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine prescriptions, 1:75,200 pyrimethamine-dapsone prescriptions, and in 1:15,650 amodiaquine users. 35% of cases received these drugs needlessly as they were not exposed to drug resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Since few serious reactions have been reported to chloroquine plus proguanil, these data support guidelines which restrict the use of reviewed drugs for those at greatest risk of infection. Dosage data indicated that fatalities had taken higher doses and continued prophylaxis after onset of symptoms. Two thirds of serious reactions to the compound antimalarials were reported in females.

Adolescent↗