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EFFECTS OF CYCASIN AND CYCAD MEAL.
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CYCAD TOXICITY IN MONKEYS: CLINICAL, PATHOLOGICAL, AND BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS.
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EFFECT OF CYCAD AND CYCASIN FEEDING ON LIVER RNA, DNA, SUCCINIC OXIDASE, AND LIPIDS IN THE RAT.
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RATES AND KINETICS OF CATALASE SYNTHESIS AND DESTRUCTION IN RATS FED CYCAD AND CYCASIN IN VIVO.
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EFFECTS OF CYCAD MEAL AND CYCASIN ON HISTOCHEMICALLY DEMONSTRABLE LIVER PHOSPHATASES AND NON SPECIFIC ESTERASES.
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INDUCTION OF HEPATIC AND RENAL TUMORS BY TOPICAL APPLICATION OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF CYCAD NUT TO ARTIFICIAL SKIN ULCERS IN MICE.
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CARCINOGENIC EFFECT OF CYCAD MEAL IN GUINEA PIGS.
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CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS OF CYCAD MEAL AND CYCASIN, METHYLAZOXYMETHANOL GLYCOSIDE, IN RATS AND EFFECTS OF CYCASIN IN GERMFREE RATS.
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CYCADS AND SENECIO PRODUCTS.
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[INFLUENCE OF MODE OF DESICCATION ON FREE HYDROSOLUBLE ACIDITY AND LEVELS OF QUINIC AND SHIKIMIC ACIDS IN SOME GYMNOSPERMS].
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[Atypical cell forms overproducing extracellular substances in population of cycad cyanobionts].
The ultrastructure of the cyanobionts of the greenhouse-grown cycads Cycas circinalis, Ceratozamia mexicana, and Encephalartos villosus was studied. The cyanobiont microcolonies grown in the intercellular space of the cyanobacterial zone of cortical parenchyma in the cycad coralloid roots contained two specific forms of vegetative cells with a reduced cell wall, namely, protoplasts and spheroplasts. The protoplasts and spheroplasts exhibited ultrastructural changes indicating the overproduction of two extracellular substances, one of which resembled the mucilage polysaccharides and the other was proteinous. The substances were likely to be synthesized intracellularly and then be excreted with the aid of surface vesicles or by channels in the cytoplasmic membrane to form, respectively, a slimy extracellular matrix and an additional electron-opaque envelope around the cell. At the late developmental stages, the excretion of these substances was accompanied by degradative changes in the cells, leading eventually to cell death. The physiological role of these specific cell forms and the factors that induce their development and death in the cell populations of cyanobionts are discussed.
[Heterocysts with reduced cell walls in populations of cycad cyanobionts].
The ultrastructure of the cyanobionts of the greenhouse-grown cycads Cycads circinalis, Ceratozamia mexicana, and Encephalartos villosus was studied. In addition to heterocysts with the typical ultrastructure, the cyanobiont microcolonies also contained altered heterocysts with reduced cell walls, which might dominate in all regions of the coralloid roots. The altered heterocysts represented a protoplast enclosed in a heterocyst-specific envelope with additional layers. Some heterocysts contained an additional reticular protoplast-enclosing sheath below the heterocyst-specific envelope, whereas the other heterocysts contained an additional electron-opaque outer layer. The substance of the inner sheath of the former heterocysts resembled the polysaccharides of mucilage, which fills the intercellular space of plant tissues, whereas the electron-opaque outer layer of the latter heterocysts probably had a protein nature. The substances that constitute the sheath and the outer layer are likely to be synthesized intracellularly and then released with the aid of membrane-bounded vesicles or by channels in the cytoplasmic membrane.
[Estimation of the relationship of the gymnosperms and angiosperms on the basis of the data obtained by biochemical methods].
The phylogenetic relationships of gymnospermous and angiospermous plants were studied. To this end, 13 antisera to seed proteins of plant taxa representing all the four classes of the gymnosperms were obtained. The antigens used in immunochemical reactions with these antisera included the proteins of 134 seed samples representing 91 families from all the 11 subclasses of dicotyledons and 64 seed samples representing 33 families from five out of six classes of monocotyledons (according to Takhtajan, 1996). Immunochemical analysis was performed by the methods of double immunodiffusion in agar gel (two variants) and immunoelectroblotting. In addition, some samples of seed proteins were analyzed for amino acid composition. The results corroborate the concept that the seed plants are a monophyletic taxon. The angiosperms have apparently originated from a progymnospermous ancestor or have branched from the main stem of gymnosperms prior to its division into the recent phyla. No common ancestor of all subclasses of the angiosperms has been identified.
A developmental study on the appearance of tocopherols and tocotrienols in developing palm mesocarp (Elaeis guineensis).
The concentration of vitamin E isomers, namely, alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T), alpha-tocotrienol, gamma-tocotrienol, and delta-tocotrienol in palm mesocarp at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 wk after anthesis (WAA) were quantified using HPLC coupled with fluorescence detection. alpha-T was detected throughout the palm fruits' maturation process, whereas unsaturated tocotrienols were found only in ripe palm fruits. These developmental results indicate that tocotrienols are synthesized between 16 and 20 WAA.
[Larvae culture of ovine gastrintestinal nematodes in sawdust substrates of Pinus taeda, P. elliottii and Araucaria angustifolia].
The aim of this study was to verify the influence of sawdust substrates obtained from wood treated with sodium tribromophenate and not treated of Pinus elliotti, P. taeda, and Araucaria angustifolia in larval cultures of ovine gastrintestinal helminths. Feces samples were collected between 8 to 12am, from a lamb naturally infected with gastrintestinal nematodes and analysed by the modified Mc Master technique for worm egg counting (epg). Six groups of 20g of feces were prepared. Each group received 5g of one of the sawdust substrates and 5ml of distilled water. The material has been processed, identified and taken to a climatized chamber with a temperature of 27 +/- 1 degrees C, relative humidity above 70%, and in escotophase for seven days. The third stage larvae were recovered by the Baermann technique after four hours of sedimentation for the counting and identification of one hundred larvae per treatment. For each treatment were realized 10 repetitions. The average of EPG of Strongylida Order was 630. The average of the larvae number obtained in 20 grams of feces and the percentage of recovery in the different substrates based on the EPG was: P. taeda treated, 2719 (22.66%) and not treated, 2353 (20.08%); P. elliotti treated, 3069 (22.48%) and not treated, 3181 (24.54%); A. angustifolia treated, 2370 (18.73%) and not treated, 3361 (26.75%). There was no statistic difference in 5% level of significance between the averages and the number of larvae in the different substrates.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the seed chalcid Megastigmus wachtli (Hymenoptera).
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[Peculiarities in a composition of surface lipids in coniferous leaves].
Composition on surface lipids of coniferous from Picea, Pinus and Larix genera (six plant species) are studied by spectral and chromatographic methods. Different content of carbonyl compounds in the summary fraction of surface lipids of coniferous, concerning componental content of hydrocarbon fraction and predominance of concrete fatty acids was shown. A substantial quantity of unethereficated fatty acids in surface lipids of plants is shown.