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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Animal experimental model of lung contusion].

Introduction and discussion of an experimental animal model to the representation of an isolated lung contusion in rats. The damage is realized by means of pressure waves. There can be observed distinct lung contusions - even unilateral - without chest wall lesions or extrathoracal injuries. One can also recognize temporal lapses of different intensity of the trauma. The model appears suitable to the presentation of a possible independent pathogenesis of the lung contusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Use of the intra-aortic balloon pump in treating severe cardiac contusions (an experimental study)].

In experiments on 20 dogs the authors studied haemodynamics and the myocardial contractility after severe contusion of the heart treated by counterpulsation with intraaortic balloon pump. The heart contusion leads rapidly to a marked decrease in the contractile function of the myocardium and to the development of the hypodynamic syndrome. If untreated, the trauma leads to ventricular fibrillation and death of animals 1-1 1/2 h after contusion. Counterpulsation started 30-45 min after trauma and lasting 1 1/2-2 1/2 h prevented ventricular fibrillation and improved the myocardial function.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Cardiac contusion in closed injuries of the thorax].

Cardiac contusion is a fairly frequent clinical event in closed chest traumas. The diagnostic problems it involves influence prognosis in these patients and, in effect, prevention, speedy recognition and early treatment of the complications of cardiac contusion are essential for therapy. Here the incidence of cardiac contusion in a group of patients with closed chest trauma is analysed and the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects are examined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Limiting cardiac evaluation in patients with suspected myocardial contusion.

A great deal of time and effort is spent attempting to diagnose myocardial contusion in patients with blunt thoracic trauma. Many diagnostic protocols have been proposed in the past. However, there is no test with sufficient specificity to predict which patients will develop complications that will require therapy. Recent studies have raised the question of limiting the cardiac evaluation in certain selected patients with blunt thoracic trauma. We prospectively studied the safety of limiting the cardiac evaluation in patients who were hemodynamically stable, had no history of cardiac disease, had a normal baseline ECG, did not require surgery or neurological observation for associated injuries, and were less than 55 years of age. These patients represent the majority of patients considered at risk for myocardial contusion when mechanism is the sole criterion. These patients were simply admitted for 24 hours of continuous cardiac monitoring. No patient developed any complications of myocardial contusion requiring therapy. We conclude that it is safe to limit the cardiac evaluation in this group of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The effect of exercise on the presence of leukocytes, erythrocytes and collagen fibers in skeletal muscle after contusion.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the comparative rate of resolution of a contusion resulting from mechanical trauma to skeletal muscle, as a function of one of four exercise regimens. DESIGN: Randomized control trial. The four exercise regimens were: running with its onset immediately after injury, running with a 72 hr delay after injury, swimming with immediate onset, or swimming with a 72 hr delay. Control did not exercise. SETTING: Small-animal laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats. INTERVENTION: A small animal traumatizing machine applied to the biceps femoris. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The rate of contusion resolution was determined by a manual count of erythrocytes, leukocytes and collagen fibers in the contusion, and the data were analyzed using analysis of variance. RESULTS: Exercise of any type produced a greater decline in erythrocyte count (28.2% after 32 days vs. control) than no exercise. Immediate onset of any of the exercise regimens after injury resulted in a greater decline in erythrocyte count (32.7% after 32 days vs. control) and in leukocyte count (17.3% after 32 days vs. control) than delayed onset. Running with either immediate or delayed onset of exercise after injury produced a greater decline in erythrocyte count (36.2% after 32 days vs. control) than swimming. Running with its onset immediately after injury produced the greatest overall rate of decrease in erythrocyte count (44.8% after 32 days vs. control), and the second greatest overall rate of decrease in leukocyte count (15.0% after 32 days vs. control). CONCLUSIONS: Running with immediate onset is the regimen of choice. Any of the given exercises is preferable to no exercise, immediate onset of exercise is preferable to delayed onset, and running is preferable to swimming.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[An evaluation of the efficacy of nitrates (transdermal and peroral) in the management of the patient with a myocardial contusion].

Although thoracic trauma is frequently accompanied by myocardial injury; this later is often oversighted at early stages of trauma and misdiagnosed by the time complications are present. Myocardial abnormalities have been attributed to a reduction of cardiac flow. Nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate, both agents with a known vasodilator effect on coronary arteries, might improve myocardial ischemic resulting from traumatic contusion. In order to compare safety and efficacy between two nitrates and placebo on myocardial contusion resulting from thoracic trauma, we carried out a comparative, prospective, single blind study. Subjects were randomly allocated to one of the following 3 groups: a) transdermal nitroglycerin, b) isosorbide dinitrate and c) placebo. Medication was dispensed for five days. Major endpoint were electrocardiographic abnormalities at entry and their final modifications. Other were severity injury score and myocardial enzyme levels. Twelve patients were included in each group. Four measured enzymes were high at entry, but MB fraction in the nitroglycerin group showed the most rapid normalization. Creatine phosphokinase and lactic dehydrogenase significantly correlated with severity injury index, but not MB fraction. Electrocardiographic normalization was mainly observed in the nitroglycerin group. Transdermal nitroglycerin systems demonstrated to be effective on recovering from electrocardiographic abnormalities resulting of myocardial contusion.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1993

Cardiac contusion in a 2 1/2-year-old child.

This case was unique in that we were seeing signs and symptoms of a cardiac contusion 11 hours after injury, when cellular edema was causing lethal bradyarrhythmias and hypotension. Keeping the possibility of a cardiac contusion in mind when caring for pediatric patients with trauma and including a 12-lead EKG more routinely for pediatric patients with chest trauma would increase identification of potential problems as early as possible. Although cardiac contusion is not common in children, it must not be overlooked.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1996

[Effect of intubation timing on the clinical course of polytrauma patients with lung contusions].

UNLABELLED: Aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of early intubation at the scene on the outcome of polytraumatized patients with lung-contusion. METHODS: 377 patients with lung-contusion out of 1031 polytraumatized patients were evaluated in this study. Patients, intubated at the scene were compared with those, who were intubated later. We compared the in-hospital time, the time at the ICU, the pneumonia-rate and the ARDS-rate. Age and injury severity of the compared groups were comparable. RESULTS: In-hospital time and time at the ICU were shorter in the early intubated group than in the later intubated (in-hospital time 34.5 d and 39.4 d, time at the ICU 19.9 d and 23.7 d, resp.). For the time at the ICU the difference is significant. Also a reduction was found in the pneumoniarates (23.7% and 13.2%). The ARDS rate was reduced, too, but both differences were not significant (ppneumonia = 0.053, pARDS = 0.117). The mortality also was not significantly reduced (23.4% and 22.7%, resp.). CONCLUSION: Early intubation at the scene can reduce the inhospital-time, the time at the ICU and the complications. In this way it becomes an important factor of cost-reduction. Therefore early intubation at the scene must become a standard for all patients with lung-contusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[A case of isolated lung contusion].

A case of the isolated lung contusion is presented. A possibility of such a trauma in young individuals with elastic thoracic covers has been noted. The necessity of chest X-rays within short period following trauma to detect a source of contusion is stressed because of the dynamic changes in the contused lung tissue. Proper treatment produces a remission of pathologic lesions in lung parenchyma within 4-10 days.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Quantitative analysis of vascularization and cytochrome oxidase following fetal transplantation in the contused rat spinal cord.

In the normal adult central nervous system, a coupling between energy consumption and vascular density is well established. Likewise, the survival of fetal neural tissue grafts is highly dependent on the establishment of functional vascular integration with the host. However, to what degree graft vascularization and tissue metabolism influence the normal host response to traumatic injury has not been extensively studied. In the present report, embryonic day 14 fetal spinal cord suspension grafts were made into the lesion epicenter of subchronic (10 days) contusion-injured rats. Three months later, intraspinal transplants were analyzed using correlative cytochrome oxidase histochemistry and vascular morphometric analysis. The same approaches were applied to the host spinal cord and injured, non-transplanted animals in order to determine the ability of a graft to alter the level of post-injury vascularization and/or metabolism. In general, graft vascular density was increased over that measured in normal or injured gray matter. Vascular density in gray matter near the host/graft interface was markedly increased when compared to either gray matter of the same spinal level in injured non-grafted animals or normal control spinal gray matter. Vascular changes were not noted in gray matter 3 mm distal to the lesion epicenter (rostral or caudal) in all groups analyzed. Cytochrome oxidase was up-regulated at this time in the graft and gray matter at the host/graft interfaces when compared to either gray matter of the same spinal level in injured, non-grafted animals or that of uninjured controls. These data indicate that an intraspinal transplant placed into the contused adult rat spinal cord reaches a metabolic capacity that is likely to be associated with high levels of oxidative metabolism in the well-vascularized graft neuropil. In addition, transplantation chronically alters vascularization and metabolic patterns of adjacent spinal gray matter following contusion injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Myocardial contusion caused by a baseball.

Myocardial contusion is a rare type of sports injury. We report a case of myocardial contusion caused by a baseball. In this patient, arrhythmias were induced by an exercise test 1 week after injury. That patients with myocardial contusion but without arrhythmias at rest need to be treated carefully is emphasized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor does not affect contusion size, brain edema or cerebrospinal fluid glutamate concentrations in rats following controlled cortical impact.

INTRODUCTION: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is an established treatment in the neutropenic host. Usage in head-injured patients at risk for infection may aggravate brain damage. In contrast, evidence of G-CSF neuroprotective effects has been reported in rodent models of focal cerebral ischemia. We investigated effects of G-CSF in acute focal traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats. METHODS: Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with 1.2%) to 2.0% isoflurane and subjected to controlled cortical impact injury (CCII). Thirty minutes following CCII, either vehicle or G-CSF was administered intravenously. Animals were sacrificed 24 hours following CCII. Glutamate concentrations were determined in cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Brain edema was assessed gravimetrically. Contusion size was estimated by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and volumetric analysis. RESULTS: Dose-dependent leukocytosis was induced by infusion of G-CSF. Physiological variables were unaffected. Water content of the traumatized hemisphere and CSF glutamate concentrations were unchanged by treatment. Contusion volume was similar in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: A single injection of G-CSF did not influence cortical contusion volume, brain edema, or glutamate concentrations in CSF determined 24 hours following CCII in rats. G-CSF, administered 30 minutes following experimental TBI, failed to exert neuroprotective effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Metabolic changes following cortical contusion: relationships to edema and morphological changes.

Rats with contusion injury to the right cortex exhibited significant formation of edema 6 and 24 hours after injury which resolved by 8 days and was replaced by cavitation necrosis. The contusions produced hyperglycolysis and ischemia in the impacted cortical tissue and underlying hippocampus immediately through 30 minutes post-injury. Glucose utilization was depressed throughout the contused cortex and in ipsilateral subcortical regions, as was blood flow, at chronic (1 and 10 days) periods after injury.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

TUNEL-positive staining of surface contusions after fatal head injury in man.

In frontal lobe contusions obtained post mortem from 18 patients who survived between 6 h and 10 days after head injury, DNA fragmentation associated with either apoptotic and/or necrotic cell death was identified by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labelling (TUNEL) histochemical technique. Additional histological techniques were also used to identify regional and temporal patterns of tissue damage. TUNEL-positive cells were present in both the grey and white matter of the contusion, where they peaked in number between 25 and 48 h, and were still identifiable at 10 days post injury. Fewer TUNEL-positive cells were observed in grey than in white matter; and most TUNEL-positive neurons in the grey matter demonstrated the morphological features of necrosis. However, the morphology of some TUNEL-stained neurons, and of TUNEL-stained oligodendroglia and macrophages in white matter was suggestive of apoptosis. Apoptosis was not seen in age- and sex-matched controls, none of whom had died from intracranial pathology or had pre-existing neurological disease. These findings suggest that multiple cell types in frontal lobe contusions exhibit DNA fragmentation and that both necrosis and apoptosis are likely to contribute to post-traumatic pathology. These findings provide further evidence that the observations made in animal models of traumatic brain injury have fidelity with clinical head injury.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Neuronal degeneration and iNOS expression in experimental brain contusion following treatment with colchicine, dexamethasone, tirilazad mesylate and nimodipine.

BACKGROUND: The pathophysiological mechanisms of secondary neurological injury after traumatic brain injury are complex. Post-traumatic biochemical reactions include parenchymal inflammation, free radical production, increased intracellular calcium and lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide production. The relative importance of each mechanism is unknown in brain contusions. This study was undertaken to investigate protection by the neuroprotective and/or anti-inflammatory drugs that have different putative mechanisms of action: colchicine, dexamethasone, tirilazad mesylate and nimodipine. METHOD: A brain contusion was produced using a weight-drop model in rats. The animals were treated with either one of the drugs at previously defined relevant dosage or control. Fluoro-Jade labelling, TUNEL-staining and immunohisto-chemistry were used to study neuronal degeneration, cellular apoptosis and iNOS expression. In addition, the number of surviving neurons after 14 days was determined. FINDINGS: The number of degenerating neurons was significantly reduced in all treatment groups at 24 hours while the total number of apoptotic cells including inflammatory cells and glia was unchanged. iNOS-expression was reduced in all treatment groups at 24 hours but not later. Only colchicine and tirilazad mesylate significantly enhanced neuronal survival at 14 days after injury. CONCLUSIONS: The findings underscored that an early neuroprotective effect does not necessarily lead to increased long-term neuronal survival. The absence of a significant long-term effect with nimodipine and dexamethasone agrees with clinical studies. Colchicine with an anti-macrophage/anti-inflammatory activity and the free radical scavenger tirilazad mesylate were effective for amelioration of experimental contusion with moderate energy transfer. Early neuroprotection may to some extent target iNOS via different pathways since all tested drugs affected both iNOS expression and neuronal degeneration.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Basic fibroblast growth factor messenger RNA is expressed strongly at the acute stage of cerebral contusion.

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has a neurotrophic effect both in vitro and in vivo, and is considered to play an important role in the maintenance of neuronal functions in the normal brain. Neural damage in brain contusion progresses after the primary injury of trauma because of cerebral hemodynamic and metabolic impairment including intracranial hemorrhage and/or brain swelling. Northern blot analysis of bFGF mRNA was performed in rats after cerebral contusion produced by our modified fluid percussion device. Expression of bFGF mRNA increased significantly on the second day after trauma. A possible role of bFGF is functioning to protect the critical neurons from secondary neural damage in cerebral contusion.

Actins↗
PubMed1989

Magnetic resonance imaging of brain contusion.

In this study we investigated the time course of brain contusions using magnetic resonance imaging and compared the findings with those of a computed tomography scan. The lesions, which were demonstrated as homogeneous density areas on the computed tomography scan were demonstrated as different intensity areas in the magnetic resonance image. The intensity of the images varied according to the time at which the images were obtained. The findings indicated changes in the nature of the contusions including hematoma hemoglobin, perifocal edema extension, and so on. In conclusion, magnetic resonance imaging is important in the follow-up of chronological change as well as in original diagnosis of brain contusions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Morphological changes of the soleus motoneuron pool in chronic midthoracic contused rats.

This study investigated the morphological features of the soleus motoneuron pool in rats with chronic (4 months), midthoracic (T8) contusions of moderate severity. Motoneurons were retrogradely labeled using unconjugated cholera toxin B (CTB) subunit solution injected directly into the soleus muscle of 10 contused and 6 age- and sex-matched, normal controls. Morphometric studies compared somal area, perimeter, diameter, dendritic length, and size distribution of labeled cells in normal and postcontusion animals. In normal animals, motoneurons with a mean of 110.4 +/- 5.2 were labeled on the toxin-injected side of the cord (left). By comparison, labeled cells with a mean of 93.0 +/- 8.4 (a 16% decrease, P = 0.006) were observed in the chronic spinal-injured animals. A significantly smaller frequency of very small (area, approximately 100 microm2) and medium (area, 545-914 microm2) neurons, and a significantly higher frequency of larger (area, >914 microm2) neurons was observed in the labeled soleus motoneuron pools of injured animals compared with the normal controls. Dendritic bundles in the contused animals were composed of thicker dendrites, were arranged in more closely aggregated bundles, and were organized in a longitudinal axis (rostrocaudal axis). Changes in soleus motoneuron dendritic morphology also included significant decrease of total number of dendrites, increased staining, hypertrophy of primary dendrites, and significant decreased primary, secondary, and tertiary branching. The changes in size distribution and dendritic morphology in the postcontusion animals possibly resulted from cell loss and transformation of medium cells to larger cells and/or injury-associated failure of medium cells to transport the immunolabel.

Animals↗