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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Multicenter trial of a monophasic oral contraceptive containing ethinyl estradiol and desogestrel.

A clinical trial was conducted at 47 centers in 11 countries to assess the efficacy and acceptability of a monophasic oral contraceptive containing 30 micrograms ethinyl estradiol and 150 micrograms desogestrel. 1,613 women took part for a total of 23,258 cycles. One pregnancy occurred in a cycle where two consecutive tablets had been forgotten. Cycle control was excellent, with reported decreases in the duration and amount of withdrawal bleeding during consecutive treatment cycles and a low incidence of irregular bleeding. Blood pressure was not affected during 2 years of use. The incidence of minor side effects was already low in the first treatment cycle and decreased further in the subsequent cycles. The combination (Marvelon) was shown to be a very reliable and acceptable oral contraceptive.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

IMA to conduct training courses in family planning.

For the last six and a half decades, the Indian Medical Association (IMA) has been actively engaged in Public Health issues, ranging from immunization, ORT, maternal and child health care, and has been cooperating with the Government of India in various National Health Programs. Recently, IMA organized a new and exciting program on India's most significantly health issue--family planning. The training is to be competency based and participatory, with the main emphasis on knowledge, attitude and skills required to provide comprehensive child spacing. IMA has developed this multilevel program to train personnel in all methods of family planning, like: participation in basic oral contraceptive training; supplementary training in other methods; clinical practice for providing information on how to select and manage non-clinical family planning services; simulated practice in IUCD; and clinical practice in IUCD training. Training can also be arranged for vasectomy practicum and minilaparotomy. The main purpose of the training program is to realize the Government's goal of 60% contraceptive prevalence usage by the year 2000. In India, less than 2% of the 132.5 million reproductives, couples use oral contraceptives, because of widespread misconceptions regarding the pill among the general populace and the medical community. This program has been designed to counter these misgivings and thus encourage the "use of modern family planning methods" to take on the menace of the population explosion.

Asia↗
PubMed1981

Contraception and lactation.

Lactation worldwide is estimated to prevent more births than all organized family planning programs, and thus has a definite contraceptive action. In addition, it contributes to better infant nutrition and well-being. In some societies women do not cohabit while lactating and therefore need no contraception. This situation is being eroded, and in any case does not apply generally. The risk of pregnancy increases with the length of lactation, and thus some form of added contraception needs to be adopted during lactation. Because of the nutritional value of lactation, the CMC deprecates the exploitative commercial advertising and promotion of bottlefeeding that exists in many parts of the world. It recommends that the IPPF and its member associations should actively promote breastfeeding. Since pregnancy can occur during lactation, additional contraception is desired. It should be remembered that IUDs, spermicides, mechanical methods, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, progestagen-only oral contraceptives (OCs), and sterilization have no adverse effects on lactation. Evidence is accumulating that combined OCs have an adverse effect on the quantity and possibly the quality of breastmilk. Therefore, much greater caution should be exercised in distributing combined OCs than previously. Combined OCs should not be started until lactation is well established, and ideally not before 6 months or until the infant is weaned, whichever occurs 1st. If, however, no alternative contraception is available then OCs may be used earlier.

Breast Feeding↗