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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Management of vascular injuries of civil strife.

Over a 12-year period of civil hostilities in Northern Ireland, the Vascular Unit of the Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, has dealt with a wide variety of vascular injuries inflicted by low- and high-velocity missiles and bomb explosions. 'Knee-cappings' or punishment shootings, accounted for a large proportion of popliteal vessel injuries. In addition to specific vascular injuries a majority of patients suffered damage to other regions of the body. Experience gained in the management of vascular injuries is outlined and surgical methods developed here are also discussed. The surgical approach to injuries of vessels in the neck, abdomen and lower limb receive particular emphasis.

Blood Vessels↗
PubMed1975

Selective planned induction in conditions of civil strife.

Selective planned induction may be defined as the initiation of labour by artificial means for reasons not strictly medical. Where the indications are merely social or for conveniencewhether patient's, hospital's, or doctor'sīt is doubtful that the procedure is acceptable until we have more detailed knowledge of its effects on the mother and fetus. However, the civil strife that occurred in Belfast in 1972 provided conditions in which the present study of the technique seemed justified. The results suggest that, provided the selection criteria are sufficiently rigorous and meticulously applied, there are no serious maternal risks. The main fetal risk is of unexpected prematurity; this can be avoided, but the precautions applied in this preliminary study reduced significantly the number of patients for whom the method could be used. A second series, with controls and using less rigorous selection criteria, is at present being studied.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed2003

Injury patterns related to use of less-lethal weapons during a period of civil unrest.

This case series documents injury patterns related to beanbag and other less-lethal (LL) weapons during a period of civil unrest in a major U.S. city. A retrospective review of injuries related to LL weapons usage presenting to an urban Emergency Department (ED) from April 10, 2001 to April 18, 2001 was performed. Patients under 18 years of age and those without signed consent to treat were excluded. Twenty-seven patients were identified. Two were excluded due to lack of signed consent for treatment. Mean age was 28.4 +/- 11.7 years; 76% of patients were male. Significant morbidity was found in 7 (28%) cases with no fatalities. Three (12%) individuals, with the diagnoses of pulmonary contusion, liver laceration, and Achilles tendon rupture, required admission. Two (8%) individuals had delayed complications of pneumonia and post-concussive syndrome. Reports of injury patterns associated with beanbag munitions in the medical literature are limited. Physicians should be aware of the injuries and delayed sequelae associated with their use.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Towards an internet civil defence against bioterrorism.

Approaches towards the public-health prevention of bioterrorism are too little, and too late. New information-based approaches could yield better homeland protection. An internet civil defence is presented where millions of eyes could help to identify suspected cases of bioterrorism, with the internet used to report, confirm, and prevent outbreaks.

Bioterrorism↗
PubMed2002

Case studies of pre- and midtrial prejudice in criminal and civil litigation.

This paper presents a number of case studies involving pre- and midtrial prejudice in criminal and civil litigation. The cases reveal deficiencies in the way that prejudicial publicity has been conceptualized and operationalized in many simulation experiments. The studies reveal that potential juror prejudices that concern lawyers and judges involve more than just main effects of mass media. Pre- and midtrial prejudice also involves more general prejudices, gossip and rumor, the assertion of community normative values about justice, and conformity pressures. Four categories of prejudice recognized in American law are described and labeled: interest, specific, generic, and conformity prejudice. The case studies also reveal interesting dynamics involving "minimization" and inconsistency in jurors' self-reports of attitudes which contradict a commonly held judicial view that superficial questioning is sufficient to uncover prejudice. Despite identifying deficiencies in the simulation literature, the paper concludes that experimental research is necessary to provide answers to causal questions that case studies and field research cannot ordinarily provide.

Civil Rights↗
PubMed1991

APA amicus curiae briefs. Furthering lesbian and gay male civil rights.

The authors describe the American Psychological Association's (APA's) efforts to affect social policy and judicial decision making by delineating APA's participation as amicus curiae in five cases concerning the civil rights of lesbians and gay men. They discuss the function and importance of amicus briefs, review the legal principles used to advance the constitutional rights of lesbians and gay men, outline the facts in the cases APA entered, sketch the legal theories and scientific evidence that APA brought to the courts' attention, and relate the courts' decisions in those cases. They conclude with recommendations for the use of such briefs in future litigation and legislative efforts to advance the rights of lesbians and gay men.

Civil Rights↗
PubMed1995

Los Angeles County after the 1992 civil disturbances: degree of exposure and impact on mental health.

The impact of the 1992 Los Angeles (L.A.) civil disturbances on psychosocial functioning was assessed as part of a larger project investigating the views and attitudes of residents in L.A. County. Random digit dialing methodology identified a household probability sample of 1,200 adults (age 18 or older) from L.A. County. Respondents completed a telephone interview 6 to 8 months after the disturbances. Respondents' degree of exposure to the disturbances, mental health impact of the disturbances, and mental health effects of chronic versus acute exposure to violence were assessed. Consistent with hypotheses, the impact of the disturbances was the worst in the South Central communities. Higher rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; both diagnostic level and subclinical symptomatology) were found among respondents who reported disturbance-related experiences. Exposure to an acute event (i.e., the disturbances) was predictive of current PTSD symptomatology after controlling for demographics, lifetime trauma, and other types of stressful events.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Community members' perceptions of evidence: the effects of gender in a recovered memory civil trial.

Community members judged a civil trial in which a memory had either been recovered or kept secret until therapy 12 years later. Female jurors were more likely to find the defendant liable and to compensate female plaintiffs more than male plaintiffs, whereas the reverse pattern held for male jurors. Female plaintiffs who reported recovered memories were compensated least, whereas female plaintiffs who kept the abuse secret were compensated most. A mediational model was posited and results indicated that the origin of the memory of sexual abuse and victim gender influenced assessments of trial testimonies that were related to the trial outcomes. Results supported the postulated model and indicated significant juror-gender differences in evaluating and weighing the evidence.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Doctors' attitudes on civil defence and nuclear weapon issues.

97 out of 219 doctors responded to a questionnaire on medical aspects of nuclear weapons. A majority of the respondents considered that the then-current civil defence planning was not a valuable use of National Health Service resources, and that an attack with nuclear weapons would cause a degree of suffering beyond the profession's capacity to treat; thought doctors should have a special voice on nuclear issues; and believed Britain should not be increasing its nuclear weapons, and that if expenditure on them were reduced, the savings should go on health. The high support for organizations like MAPW was gratifying.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1985

Civil disobedience, conscientious objection, and evasive noncompliance: a framework for the analysis and assessment of illegal actions in health care.

This essay explores some of the conceptual and moral issues raised by illegal actions in health care. The author first identifies several types of illegal action, concentrating on civil disobedience, conscientious objection or refusal, and evasive noncompliance. Then he sketches a framework for the moral justification of these types of illegal action. Finally, he applies the conceptual and normative frameworks to several major cases of illegal action in health care, such as "mercy killing" and some decisions not to treat incompetent patients.

Abortion, Illegal↗
PubMed1981

Anaesthesia under civil war conditions. An account of missions with British Red Cross surgical teams in Cambodia and Angola.

The work of British Red Cross surgical teams during the Cambodian civil war in 1975 and the Angolan war of 1976 is described. The medical, social and military situations are discussed. The problems caused by the deteriorating conditions in the working environments of these teams during the collapse of the governing regimes within which they were operating are outlined and some of the methods which were used to solve these are considered.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed2005

Military influence upon the development of anaesthesia from the American Civil War (1861-1865) to the outbreak of the First World War.

The American Civil War (1861-1865) helped cement the place of anaesthesia in American medical practice and offered new insights into the specialty. The advantages that ensued were to offer long-term security to anaesthesia but the short-term gains were negligible. The Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871) exerted a negative influence upon nitrous oxide and oxygen research through the loss of leading civilian scientists to military duty. Later, the Boer Wars (1899-1902) helped stabilise the popularity of chloroform after the Hyderabad Commissions but were of little experimental value to anaesthesia. In the early 20th Century, the military continued to be operational without either specialist anaesthetists or an interest in developing military anaesthesia. However, the lack of anaesthetic development was largely due to problems with economics and academic infrastructure rather than to simple military neglect.

American Civil War↗
PubMed2006

Hospital services for children in the Solomon Islands: rebuilding after the civil conflict.

AIMS: The Solomon Islands health service, infrastructure and economy were severely affected by the civil conflict that occurred between 1998 and 2003. In 2002 plans to rebuild health services for children, especially those provided in provincial hospitals, were developed by paediatricians, in collaboration with the World Health Organization. We aimed to inform this process by an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the child health service, particularly in provincial hospitals. METHODS: A systematic assessment of the quality of hospital care for children in Solomon Islands was conducted in November 2003. The study used a WHO assessment tool, modified for use in the Asia-Pacific region. RESULTS: The assessment highlighted several problems in clinical care, human resources, health financing, referral systems, and training, and has been used as a basis for several interventions for improving the quality of paediatric care. CONCLUSION: This study and the initiatives that have followed it demonstrate the link between such assessments, child health policy and quality improvement activities. Such programs can be implemented even where resources are very limited. Sustaining initiatives based on this assessment will be important for the Solomon Islands if it is to achieve the Millennium Development Goals for child survival by 2015.

Child↗
PubMed1995

Civilization, culture and neurotic depression: in view of the Freudian theory.

Our discussion is based on the psychoanalytic theory of Freud. We, however, discuss a case of neurotic depression which is not considered a subtype in Freud's concept of neurosis. We discuss the difference between culture and civilization, referring to what Freud discussed in Totem and Taboo and Moses and Monotheism. We then discuss two matters specific to Japanese culture; the assimilation of foreign cultures, and the sexual differences found in Japanese culture. On the basis of these discussions, we attempt to link these with the problem of structure of the neurotic depression. We conclude with Confucianism which we can consider as relative to the East-Asian world.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Commitment and endurance: common themes in the life histories of civil rights workers who stayed.

First-person life histories of a group of civil rights workers who have maintained a long-term commitment to the Movement are summarized and analyzed. The importance of relationships with others, changes in the ways the workers viewed themselves, the development of faith in their work, and the reconciliation of their Movement experiences with those of their past life emerge as central themes in their accounts.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Resource Letter ETC-1: extraterrestrial civilization.

This Resource Letter provides a guide to the literature about intelligent life beyond the human sphere of exploration. It offers a starting point for professionals and academics interested in participating in the debate about the existence of other technological civilizations or in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI). It can also serve as a reference for teaching. This Letter is not intended as an exhaustive bibliography, but several extensive bibliographies have been cited. The letter E after an item indicates elementary, nontechnical material of general interest to persons becoming informed in the field. Intermediate level material, of a somewhat more specialized nature, is indicated by the Letter I. The annotation A indicates advanced, technical material. An asterisk (*) precedes items to be included in an accompanying Reprint Book.

Astronomical Phenomena↗
PubMed2003

Climate and the collapse of Maya civilization.

In the anoxic Cariaco Basin of the southern Caribbean, the bulk titanium content of undisturbed sediment reflects variations in riverine input and the hydrological cycle over northern tropical South America. A seasonally resolved record of titanium shows that the collapse of Maya civilization in the Terminal Classic Period occurred during an extended regional dry period, punctuated by more intense multiyear droughts centered at approximately 810, 860, and 910 A.D. These new data suggest that a century-scale decline in rainfall put a general strain on resources in the region, which was then exacerbated by abrupt drought events, contributing to the social stresses that led to the Maya demise.

Archaeology↗
PubMed1994

Mental health law: civil liberties and the principle of reciprocity.

At a conference organised by the Law Society, Mental Health Act Commission, and Institute of Psychiatry possible reform of mental health legislation in England and Wales was discussed. It was concluded that radical legal reform was required, and that the law should be designed specifically for provision of care in both hospital and the community. Reform should be based on principle rather than pragmatism, particularly the principle of reciprocity--patients' civil liberties may not be removed for the purposes of treatment if resources for that treatment are inadequate. Protection of society from nuisance or even violence is insufficient reason for detention. Legal provision for compulsion of patients, whether in hospital or the community, must be matched by specific rights to treatment.

Antisocial Personality Disorder↗