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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Religious stigmata, magnetic fluids and conversion hysteria: one survival of 'vital force' theories in scientific medicine?

A study of Natuzza Evolo, a contemporary Roman Catholic stigmatic in southern Italy, raises certain questions of mechanism and evidence. Was this a miracle, hysterical conversion or contrived? The medical interpretation of the phenomenon as conversion disorder raises questions about the popularity of hysteria as a medical diagnosis and the ways in which it functions like 'vital force', as a metaphoric mediator between the natural world, human agency, and the ultrahuman.

Christianity↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Valencia's cultural and scientific universe in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries and the contextulization of Arnaldo de Vilanova's work].

The present article focuses attention on the singularity of Arnau de Vilanova's medical though in comparison with that predominating among his thirteenth-century contemporaries on the European continent. Moreover, it propounds that such peculiarities were a result of Arabic influences upon this Christian thinker during his youth, in his native city of Valencia, and which continued to prevail even after his studies at the Montpellier School of Medicine. That is why the study first draws a sketch of Valencia's cultural and scientific universe, and then goes on to analyze well-known aspects of Arnau de Vilanova's medical ideas, where the enduring preponderance of the Valencian environment is evident, even in his later years.

Alchemy↗
PubMed2005

Formation of a high coverage (3 x 3) NO phase on Pd(111) at elevated pressures: interplay between kinetic and thermodynamic accessibility.

Using in situ polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations, a new high-coverage monomeric NO adsorption state on Pd(111) was observed and proposed to have a (3 x 3)-7NO structure. Formation of this high coverage NO phase was found to take place only at elevated pressure and temperature conditions showing that some of the accessible thermodynamic equilibrium states at elevated temperatures and pressures are thermodynamically unfavorable or kinetically hindered at lower temperatures and pressures. Our results emphasize the danger of extrapolating results from traditional surface science experiments performed under ultrahigh vacuum to elevated temperature and pressure conditions encountered in heterogeneous catalysis.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

From counting neurons to the preclinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

This article is a review of scientific work on Alzheimer neurofibrillary degeneration and Ass-amyloidosis that was done in collaboration with Dr. Henryk Wisniewski, in part at the Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities. Our work on paired helical filaments and the tau protein spans from basic immunocytochemical analyses of brain tissue to clinical application as a biological marker used in diagnostic tests. Even though only a small part of Dr. Wisniewski's scientific oeuvre, these data illustrate how a great scientist opens the field to his student, collaborator and friend, how basic science can evolve, and how results can be applied in clinical practice to the benefit of our patients.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

On-Line Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry: A Useful Tool for the Detection of DNA Sequence Variation This work was financially supported by the Austrian Science Fund (P-14133-PHY) and the National Institutes of Health (HG01932). The suggestion of Dr. Jeff van Ness from the Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Sciences in Claremont, CA, USA, to utilize butyldimethylamine for IP-RP-HPLC separations is gratefully acknowledged.

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Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intensive care ethics in evolution.

The ethics of treating the seriously and critically ill have not been static throughout the ages. Twentieth century medicine has inherited from the nineteenth century a science which places an inappropriate weight on diagnosis over prognosis and management, combined with a seventeenth century duty to prolong life. However other earlier ethical traditions, both Hippocratic and Christian, respected both the limitations of medicine and emphasised the importance of prognosis. This paper outlines some of the historical precedents for the treatment of the critically ill, and also how the current paradigm limits clinical practice and causes ethical tensions. An understanding that other paradigms have been ethically acceptable in the past allows wider consideration and acceptance of alternatives for the future. However future alternatives will also have to address the role of technology, given its importance in this area of medicine.

Biomedical Technology↗
PubMed1995

Paracelsus confronts the saints: miracles, healing and the secularization of magic.

The sixteenth and seventeenth centuries witnessed an erosion of the role played by the church in healing. Magical practices mediated by the church were replaced by the resources of medicine. This represented an important cultural development and it is often regarded as a manifestation of increasing secularization, the decline of magic and rise of science. This paper examines this issue with special reference to miraculous healing associated with saints, which constituted one of the most important facets of magic controlled by the church. It will be suggested that Paracelsus (Theophrast von Hohenheim, 1493-1541) played an important part in the argument concerning the miraculous powers of saints. Many works by Paracelsus produced at various points in his career were relevant to this issue, but De causis morborum invisibilium, the sequel to his important Opus Paraminum (1531), was especially significant. The question of miraculous healing was therefore important in the first, full presentation of the new system of medicine developed by Paracelsus. Modern commentators have understandably found De causis morborum invisibilium less intelligible and congenial than the more accessible Opus Paramirum. But the former was important to Paracelsus, and it addressed problems that were fundamental to his audience. This case-study shows how conclusions reached by Paracelsus about medical questions were integrally tied up with his theological standpoint and with his wider reaction to the acute crisis of confidence which affected the church and the established social order at the beginning of the sixteenth century. By eliminating the miraculous intervention of saints and promoting the secularization of magic, Paracelsus was contributing to one of the important cultural changes associated with the Reformation.

Christianity↗
PubMed2006

Power and limitations of the chloroplast trnL (UAA) intron for plant DNA barcoding.

DNA barcoding should provide rapid, accurate and automatable species identifications by using a standardized DNA region as a tag. Based on sequences available in GenBank and sequences produced for this study, we evaluated the resolution power of the whole chloroplast trnL (UAA) intron (254-767 bp) and of a shorter fragment of this intron (the P6 loop, 10-143 bp) amplified with highly conserved primers. The main limitation of the whole trnL intron for DNA barcoding remains its relatively low resolution (67.3% of the species from GenBank unambiguously identified). The resolution of the P6 loop is lower (19.5% identified) but remains higher than those of existing alternative systems. The resolution is much higher in specific contexts such as species originating from a single ecosystem, or commonly eaten plants. Despite the relatively low resolution, the whole trnL intron and its P6 loop have many advantages: the primers are highly conserved, and the amplification system is very robust. The P6 loop can even be amplified when using highly degraded DNA from processed food or from permafrost samples, and has the potential to be extensively used in food industry, in forensic science, in diet analyses based on feces and in ancient DNA studies.

Base Sequence↗