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PubMed1978

[The aggressive child (author's transl)].

In children a "normal" aggressiveness should be distinguished from "hostile" and "inhibited" aggression; the latter usually become apparent as heteroaggressive or autoaggressive behaviour. Autoaggression is more common with younger children. Different hypotheses about the origin of aggressiveness are discussed. In the younger child nail biting, trichotillomania, rocking, an intensified phase of contrariness and enkopresis may have components of aggressiveness. In older children and adolescents dissocial forms of development, drug taking, attempted suicid, and anorexia nervosa may be parts of aggressive behaviour. Minimal brain dysfunction, autism, and postencephalitic syndromes predominate amongst organic alterations of the brain as causes for aggressive behaviour. Particularly the Lesch-Nyhan-syndrome, but equally the Cornelia de Lange-syndrome show autoaggressive tendencies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Long-acting traumas following hospitalisation (author's transl)].

The article reports on 50 children with hospital (operation) traumas presented many years later to the doctor or educational consultant because of disturbed behaviour basing on an anxiety neurosis combined with a symbiotic mother fixation. In these cases, there was a clear connection between the triggering traumatising event the the existing symptom pattern. Most of the children had been admitted during infancy once or several times to special wards without sufficient psychological care and with restricted visiting hours. Tonsillectomy and strabotomy, as well as equilibrating operations, have proved to the particularly traumatising, especially in infants. This is evident even after several years and shows up during psychodiagnostic examination. Children who have suffered an accident and are admitted to hospital in a state of shock, are particularly susceptible to the hospital separation trauma. Preventive and curative psychohygienic measures are described. The mother's presence in the hospital has always remained the most reliable protection, from the infant's aspect, in all danger situations, including hospitalisation.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychological and psychiatric emergencies in child and adolescent. Specificity and diversity of the possible situations and responses (author's transl)].

Two situations, which may of course interfere, are described in the field of psychological and psychiatric emergencies in child and adolescent: 1) therapeutic emergencies, true emergencies, linked to acute mental suffering or even distress in the child which it is important to relieve quickly. They are not always the object of an acute request for medical care, and when such a request is made, it is rarely based on what the child feels, but much more on noisy or troublesome behaviour or somatic manifestations of the latter, this last possibility producing a masked psychiatric emergency very characteristic of this age; 2) environmental emergencies represent a second form of emergency, defined by a situation which appears when the child's family or tutors suddenly decide that they can no longer face such a behaviour or such symptoms in the child. Intolerance then appears, or even rejection of the child from his home. The authors were led to determine this double dimension, concentrating their attention on the first few years of life, childhood from 4 to 5 years to 11 or 12 years and adolescence. Insisting on the dual necessity, even in emergency cases, of sufficient reflexion and necessary concentration of interest on problems as they are presented by the family, the authors describe the various stages of an emergency: entering into contact, evaluation of the situation, choice of the emergency procedure: gaining time or admission to hospital in a specialized unit. They end by taking into consideration the fact that one is never sufficiently attentive to the child himself and to his own way of dealing with the situation.

Adolescent↗