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PubMed1983

Symptom checklist syndromes in the general population. Correlations with psychotherapeutic drug use.

Using symptom checklists administered on a large scale by survey interviewers in the 1979 National Survey of Psychotherapeutic Drug Use, we developed a method for classifying survey respondents by syndromes. These syndromes had symptoms and other characteristics consistent with their DSM-III diagnostic counterparts and showed one-year prevalence rates in accord with available epidemiologic data: Major Depression, 5.1%; Agoraphobia-Panic, 1.2%; Other Phobia, 2.3%; and Generalized Anxiety, 6.4%. However, the anxiety-related syndromes occurred less frequently than clinical lore might suggest. The data showed a very low rate of antidepressant use and a higher rate of antianxiety agent use among Major Depressives (11% and 23%) and Agoraphobics (8% and 55%). Also noteworthy were the infrequent use of antianxiety agents among respondents with Generalized Anxiety (27%) and the low frequency of both antianxiety (19%) and antidepressant (3%) drug use among persons with high distress who did not qualify for any syndrome. These findings suggest that the majority of persons with serious psychiatric disorders still do not receive treatment or the most appropriate treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Development of diagnostic checklists for use in routine clinical care. A guideline designed to assess DSM-III-R diagnoses.

To enhance diagnostic assessment in routine clinical care, the Munich Diagnostic Checklists have been developed for a systematic criteria-related evaluation of the most common psychiatric disorders according to DSM-III-R. Design, concept, and areas of application of the instrument are described. An initial test-retest study showed that satisfactory to excellent diagnostic agreement can be reached.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Genetic and environmental contributions to the Child Behavior Checklist Obsessive-Compulsive Scale: a cross-cultural twin study.

CONTEXT: We have reported elsewhere on the development of an 8-item Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (OCS) contained in the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) to identify children who meet criteria for DSM-IV obsessive-compulsive disorder. Twin studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder have indicated a significant genetic component to its expression. OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative contributions of genetic and environmental influences on childhood obsessive-compulsive behavior using the CBCL OCS in twin samples. DESIGN: The CBCL data were received by survey of twins in the Netherlands Twin Registry (NTR) and the Missouri Twin Study (USA/MOTWIN). SETTING: General community twin samples. PARTICIPANTS: Participants were 4246 twin pairs aged 7 years, 2841 aged 10 years, and 1562 aged 12 years (who also participated in the study at 7 and 10 years of age) from the NTR and 1461 mixed-age twin pairs (average age, approximately 9 years) from the USA/MOTWIN. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Model fitting to test for genetic and environmental influences, sex differences, and sibling interaction/rater contrast effects on the CBCL OCS. RESULTS: In each case, the best-fitting model was one that indicated significant additive genetic influences (range, 45%-58%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 45%-61%), and unique environmental influences (range, 42%-55%; 95% CI, 39%-55%), with shared environmental influences in the NTR sample aged 12 years (16%). Sex differences were seen in the mixed-age USA/MOTWIN model, but not in the NTR samples. No evidence of dominance, sibling interaction, or rater-contrast effects was seen. These data were relatively consistent across age and cultures. CONCLUSIONS: The CBCL OCS is influenced by genetic factors (approximately 55%) and unique environmental factors (approximately 45%) in the younger sample, with common environmental influences only at 12 years of age. These effects do not vary with differences in sex or sibling interaction/rater contrast effects. Our data reveal higher genetic influences for obsessive-compulsive behavior and do not demonstrate genetic differences across sex.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1997

Validity of the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist in paediatric oncology.

In order to determine the validity of the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist (RSC) for use with paediatric patients, a sample of 47 mothers with a child with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) was asked to complete the RSC, the Play Performance Scale for Children PPSC and a measure of daily activity (HDI: Questionnaires were completed during routine outpatient visits. There were no effects of child age on number of symptoms reported. The physical symptom subscale of the RSC distinguished between children in terms of treatment status and number of hospitalisations. However, the psychological symptom subscale did not distinguish between these groups. Limitations of the scale for work with children are considered. These include difficulties experienced by patents in reporting psychological symptoms for their children, and the inappropriateness of a scale developed for adults to assess children. In the absence of other measures, the RSC can be used for children, but a more developmentally appropriate measures is needed.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1998

Couples critical incidents checklist: a construct validity study.

This study examined the initial construct validity of the Couples Critical Incidents Checklist (CCICL; Piedmont & Piedmont, 1996). One hundred nine heterosexual married couples completed the CCICL to assess levels of marital satisfaction and the NEO PI-R to assess personality factors. As hypothesized, the rater-reports (R) and the self-ratings (S) of each of the five personality dimensions correlated systematically with the kinds of marital issues identified on each of the five sections of the CCICL. For instance, the Flexibility scale of the CCICL captured issues related to the dimension Openness (O) or the Cooperativeness scale of the CCICL assessed issues related to Agreeableness (A). Second, it was hypothesized that specific behavioral problems experienced by the spouses within the marital relationship would significantly correlate with the level of marital satisfaction. Overall, the analyses of the data of both the men and the women suggested that the contributing cause of marital dissatisfaction was not a specific behavioral problem experienced with the spouse, but rather the aggregate of all behavioral problems experienced with the spouse.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

A checklist for judging preference-based measures of health related quality of life: learning from psychometrics.

There have been a number of published reviews of measures of health related quality of life, but most of this work has been undertaken within a tradition of psychometrics outside of economics. This situation has often resulted in health status measures designed specifically for the purposes of economic evaluation being neglected and portrayed as 'invalid'. This paper utilizes and adapts the traditional psychometric concepts of practicality, reliability and validity for judging preference-based measures of health related quality of life. The psychometric and economic approaches are most different in relation to validity because they are seeking to measure different concepts. The former seeks to measure health change as perceived by patients, whilst economic evaluation requires a measure of the value or strength of preference for the health change. A checklist is presented to provide guidance in the design or review of economic evaluations using changes in health as the main measure of benefit.

Guidelines as Topic↗
PubMed2000

Pneumococcal vaccine administration associated with splenectomy: the need for improved education, documentation, and the use of a practical checklist.

An audit was performed of the documentation of pneumococcal vaccination in splenectomy patients in three major hospitals involving a geographical population base of 350,000 patients in British Columbia, Canada. Overall, 111 of the 164 hospitalized splenectomy patients (68%) had received pneumococcal vaccination. Of elective splenectomy cases, only 11 of 55 (20%) had been vaccinated prior to surgery, as is currently recommended. One hundred fifty-five patients (95%) had splenectomy status mentioned in the discharge summary. However, only 35 (21%) had mention of vaccination status, 10 (6%) mention of the need for future revaccination, and only 8 (5%) notation of the possibility of future infectious risks. The rate of pneumococcal vaccination was as satisfactory as any reported in the literature to date. However, there is need for improved education in relation to the timing of vaccination and discharge summary documentation. A checklist for potential splenectomy patients may aid in improving this situation as may geographically based splenectomy registries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Behavior patterns in nonreferred children: replication of the factor structure of the Missouri Children's Behavior Checklist.

This study provided normative data with regard to the behavior classification system based on the Missouri Children's Behavior Checklist (MCBC) with a sample of 120 nonreferred children. The factor structure of the MCBC replicated with a high degree of congruence. Application of the MCBC behavior classification system provided information on the frequency of problem patterns and problem-free patterns by nonreferred children. Variability in MCBC factor scores and behavior patterns was examined as a function of demographic parameters of gender, race, age, and socioeconomic status.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The Missouri Children's Behavior Checklist behavioral classification system: a construct validity study with nonreferred children.

This study provides validity information about the Missouri Children's Behavior Checklist (MCBC) classifications system with nonreferred children. MCBC behavior patterns of 41 children were related to DSM-III symptomatology ascertained through a structured clinical interview, the Child Assessment Schedule, conducted with the mother. The findings indicated that considering the Undifferentiated Disturbance pattern as an indicator of poor adjustment may be unwarranted with nonreferred children.

Child↗
PubMed2005

Down syndrome and comorbid autism-spectrum disorder: characterization using the aberrant behavior checklist.

To report on the cognitive and behavioral attributes of 61 children with Down syndrome (DS) and autistic-spectrum disorder (ASD) according to DSM-IV criteria; to determine the utility of the aberrant behavior checklist (ABC) to characterize these subjects for research purposes; and to test the hypothesis that subjects with DS + ASD could be distinguished from their typical DS peers using the ABC. Cross-sectional design. Cases with DS + ASD (N = 61), comparison group of DS + stereotypy movement disorder (SMD) (N = 26) and typical DS controls without behavior problems (N = 44) were ascertained and enrolled sequentially upon presentation to a DS clinic at an academic medical center over a 10-year period from 1991 to 2001. All subjects underwent neurodevelopmental and medical evaluation, and standardized cognitive testing. The parents provided responses to standardized behavioral questionnaires. Cognitive function (IQ) differed markedly across the three groups. The Lethary and Stereotypy subscales of the ABC were highly significant (P < 0.001) in distinguishing the three groups from one another. Within the ASD group differences were apparent by DSM-IV type on the Lethargy subscale, which reached significance, ANOVA (F = 0.002) and t-test (Autism > PDD, P = 0.005; PDD < CDD, P = 0.002). Using a multivariate regression model, the ABC scales alone explained 62% of variance of ASD outcome; addition of demographic variables explained up to 68% of the variance. There is good correlation between DSM-IV criteria for autism and subscales scores on the ABC in subjects with DS. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using the ABC to characterize the neurobehavioral phenotype of a cohort of children with trisomy 21 and ASD for ongoing research purposes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Characteristics of the broader phenotype in autism: a study of siblings using the children's communication checklist-2.

Non-autistic relatives of people with autistic disorder have an increased risk of social and communicative difficulties: this is known as the "broad phenotype." Better methods for characterizing the broad phenotype are needed to facilitate identification of risk genes for autism. 29 siblings of 20 children with autistic disorder, 13 siblings of 9 children with PDDNOS, and 46 typically developing control children from 26 families were assessed by parental report using the Children's Communication Checklist-2 (CCC-2). Groups were matched on age and IQ and siblings with autism were excluded. Group mean scores on the CCC-2 differed on only one subscale, syntax. However, siblings of children with autism or PDDNOS were over-represented in the tails of the distributions of several scales, and 10 (24%) scored more than 2 SD below the control mean on a total score based on all 10 subscales. Only two of these 10 children scored above threshold on one or more scales of the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R). Children with abnormal scores on the CCC-2 total were characterized by low-verbal IQ and their fathers tended to score high on the social and communication scales of the Autism Quotient, a measure of the broad phenotype in adults. The CCC-2 shows promise as a quick screening device for the broad phenotype in non-autistic siblings of children with autism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Assessment of competency for execution: professional guidelines and an evaluation checklist.

The issue of whether mental health professionals should be involved in conducting evaluations of competency for execution is a topic that has elicited controversy and heated debate. This article picks up at a point beyond the controversy and addresses issues of professionalism and the objective assessment of competency for execution. Specifically, this article identifies professional standards for conducting competence for execution (CFE) evaluations, describes current practices in this area, and provides an interview checklist that can be used as an evaluation guide by involved professionals.

Capital Punishment↗
PubMed2003

Predicting criminal justice outcomes with the Psychopathy Checklist and Lifestyle Criminality Screening Form: a meta-analytic comparison.

Studies that have used either the Psychopathy Checklist--Revised (PCL-R) or the Lifestyle Criminality Screening Form (LCSF) to predict criminal justice outcomes (disciplinary adjustment and recidivism) were subjected to meta-analysis and compared. Analogous results were obtained with the PCL-R and LCSF even though the PCL-R takes 2-3 hours and the LCSF 10 minutes to complete. It is concluded that pending further evaluation in which these assessment measures are directly compared, the cost-effectiveness of the LCSF makes it an attractive alternative to the PCL-R in situations where risk of future offender disciplinary maladjustment or recidivism is of principal concern.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Views of the downward extension: comparing the Youth Version of the Psychopathy Checklist with the Youth Psychopathic traits Inventory.

Increasing interest in "juvenile psychopathy" has been met with scholarly debate about the validity of directly extending the adult construct of psychopathic personality disorder to youth. To inform this debate, this study of 160 serious adolescent offenders compared two alternative, adult-based conceptualizations of juvenile psychopathy: that of the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV) and the self-report Youth Psychopathic traits Inventory (YPI). The results indicate that these two conceptualizations overlap only partially, with the YPI focusing more tightly on core interpersonal and affective features than the PCL:YV. Each conceptualization is reliable and predicts different forms of short-term institutional misbehavior. However, only the YPI possesses a theoretically coherent, inverse association with anxiety. Despite this promise, these conceptualizations of psychopathy are less strongly associated with one another than they are with psychosocial markers of developmental maturity. This raises questions about their divergent validity and ability to identify a disorder that will remain stable during the transition from adolescence into adulthood. Implications for future longitudinal research on the validity, manifestations, and course of juvenile psychopathy are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Predictive validity of the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version for general and violent recidivism.

Several authors have expressed concern regarding the use of youth psychopathy assessments in determinations of risk for general and violent offending. The Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV) was completed with 182 male adolescent offenders in this prospective study (average 14.5 month follow-up) of general and violent recidivism. Both a two-factor and three-factor model of the PCL:YV significantly predicted general and violent recidivism at a predictive accuracy ranging from 68 to 63%. However, regression analyses indicated these associations were explained primarily by behavioral psychopathic symptoms, rather than interpersonal or affective traits. Implications for the use of psychopathy assessments for risk during adolescence are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2007

Screening for PTSD in public-sector mental health settings: the diagnostic utility of the PTSD checklist.

There are few available data on how to accurately screen for and assess posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among severely mentally ill adults, a group with high rates of unrecognized trauma and PTSD symptoms. We examined the diagnostic utility of a widely used screening instrument, the PTSD Checklist (PCL), for diagnosing PTSD among 44 traumatized, adult, public-sector mental health patients recruited through a community mental health program. Participants completed the PCL and the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), which is considered the "gold standard" for determining PTSD diagnoses. Data provide preliminary support for the use of the PCL as a screening instrument in public psychiatric settings, indicating that the optimal cut-point for adults with severe mental illness is about 54 (with slightly higher or lower recommended cut-points depending on the clinical context and purpose of the PCL). Such data are critical to ensuring that public-sector mental health patients with trauma-related difficulties are identified and referred for appropriate services.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2004

The Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 is a sensitive case-finder of clinically important depressive states in elderly people in primary care.

OBJECTIVE: No depression rating scale has yet been designed to identify all clinically important depressive states in elderly. Therefore, this study investigated the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25), a self-rating scale for depression, to see if it was a sensitive indicator of major, minor and subsyndromal depression. METHODS: Structured interviews of 37 people with a high depressive score and an age and sex matched control group comprised of 37 persons with a low depressive score in HSCL-25, in order to compare the HSCL-25 ratings with the Montgomery-Asberg-Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) as well as with the criteria for major, minor and subsyndromal depression. RESULTS: The sensitivity for identifying any depression was 94% and the specificity was 94% for HSCL-25 compared to the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders. CONCLUSIONS: HSCL-25 is a sensitive case-finder of any depressive disorder and may be useful in general practice and for screening studies of depression in elderly people.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

The Japanese version of the Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist-Revised: development and validation.

In order to develop a Japanese version of the Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist-Revised (MAACL-R), the 66 scored adjectives were translated into Japanese and translated back into English as recommended by Werner and Campbell (1971). Confirmatory factor analyses evidenced the existence of five first-order factors (i.e., the anxiety, depression, hostility, positive affect, and sensation-seeking factors) and the two second-order factors (i.e., the dysphoric and pleasant affect factors) underlying the response to the Japanese MAACL-R. Internal consistency ranged from .73 to .91, and four-week retest reliability ranged from .67 to .74 on the seven scales (Anxiety, Depression, Hostility, Positive Affect, Sensation Seeking, Dysphoria, and PASS). Although correlations with the scales of the State-Trait Personality Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale, a sensation-seeking scale, and a subjective well-being scale indicated only acceptable discriminant validity, adequate convergent validity was evidenced by the examination of these correlations. The Japanese version of the MAACL-R seems to be ready for use in research.

Adolescent↗