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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Unilateral spondylolyses in Slavic and Slavic-Avaric populations].

The authors consider the spondylolysis a polyetiologic abnormality with an important part of congenital factors in its origin. The frequency of spondylolysis can be considered a feature characterizing a population. This opinion is confirmed by finds in skeletal materials from old Slavonic and Slavonic-Avaric cemeteries. The frequency of spondylolysis in the Slavonic part is significantly lower than in the Slavonic-Avaric part of the materials. The share of unilateral spondylolysis is also different (15 and 7%) when comparing these two population groups, but statistically insignificant. The so-called "combined" type of spondylolysis is, however, significantly higher in the number of unilateral cases of spondylolysis than in the bilateral ones.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[A pilot study to the differentiating morphogenesis on the skull (author's transl)].

The evolution of man rests, so to speak, upon a differentiation into neuro- and splanchnocranium. We separate a superior cranium from an inferior cranium. The skulls of the highmedieval cemetery in the sphere of the Barbarossa castle in kaiserslautern (FRG) are divided in 2 groups, in a rock and in a sand population to be subdivided moreover in an ancient and in a young stratum each. Within a totality of 157 univariate traits are found out 53 variables resulted from 5 t-tests in a hierarchic arrangement. Our concretionary theory of the differentiating morphogenesis is valid as a pendant to Heberer's (1948, 1957, 1974) synthetic theory of the additive typogenesis.

Biological Evolution↗
PubMed1995

Inflammatory bone changes in leprous skeletons from the medieval Hospital of St. James and St. Mary Magdalene, Chichester, England.

The extent and location of an inflammatory bone lesion, periostitis, were examined in 50 leprous skeletons from the Chichester cemetery of the Hospital of St. James and St. Mary Magdalene in Sussex, England. Although the presence of periostitis is not pathognomonic of leprosy, it predominantly indicates dermal and neuropathic changes that the patient would have presented in life. The spread of inflammation across the knee joint and the ossification of the interosseous membrane due to inflammation are also suggested.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1994

[The mental disorder of Doctor Jonas Jeitteles].

Doctor Jonas Mischel Jeitteles was born in Prague on May 5, 1735 and died in Prague on April 18, 1806. He was buried in the Old Jewish Cemetery in Prague. He studied medicine in Leipzig and Halle. He became the public health officer of the Jewish community. He was nominated chief supervisor of the guild of Jewish healers in Prague. In 1784 he obtained from the emperor Joseph in Vienna permission that not only he himself but also other Jewish doctors could pursue unrestricted medical practice. He suffered from periodic depressive disorders with several exogenously provoked attacks.

Czech Republic↗
PubMed1994

Identification of sex from metacarpals: effect of side asymmetry.

This study tests the effect of bilateral asymmetry on the success rate of correct prediction of sex based on osteometric dimensions of the second metacarpal, using a method proposed by Scheuer and Elington. A total of 351 bones from 179 individuals (47 documented as to age and sex), including 172 pairs, obtained from a 19th century cemetery were used to test the null hypothesis of no effect. A high success rate (> 90%) for correct identification was found for males irrespective of side, although the larger right second metacarpal was a significantly better predictor. Conversely, there was a much lower success rate for females irrespective of side (< 65%), although the smaller left metacarpal tended to give better results. The high success rate for males and low rate for females likely reflects the greater skeletal robustness of this historic sample relative to modern individuals. It is concluded that side asymmetry can have a significant effect on predictive efficiency for the Scheuer and Elkington model. As well, it is questionable whether the technique should be applied to non-industrial, that is, more skeletally robust, populations.

Female↗
PubMed1994

Accuracy of sex determination using morphological traits of the human pelvis.

This study assesses the accuracy and reliability of 17 individual morphological traits of the pelvis frequently used to determine the sex of human skeletal remains. A sample of 49 right and left adult hip bones and sacra of documented individuals were available from an historic church cemetery dating from the 19th century. A hypothetical ranking of the accuracy of traits was drawn from the literature. Next, individual traits were evaluated for precision and accuracy of observations, and combinations of two and three traits were evaluated for their collective effectiveness as sex indicators. The effect of age on the accuracy of traits for sex determination was also examined. Precision of traits was generally good. Several combinations of three criteria produced higher levels of accuracy than the trait list as a whole. A total of six traits was judged to be most effective as sex discriminators because of low intraobserver error levels and better than 83% accuracy rats. There was no indication of an age effect on the precision or accuracy of these traits although sample sizes are small.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Documentation in the hospital--methods and types of system (author's transl)].

Types of system and methods of documentation in clinic or hospital must be directed towards the object of the documentation: indexing or search documentation, informative or data documentation. Furthermore, a careful selection of the facts to be documented must be established, because a "complete clinical documentation" is unrealistic. Subtle knowledge of the methods of translation of medical facts into code numbers (coding techniques) is inevitable. Examples show how a very comprehensive data collection can be achieved in a short time from the documentation of only a few facts. Currently acquired data must be fed immediately for evaluation. The fact is criticized that some research promoters, when giving financial assistance for the installation of a data bank, shy away from providing the means for computer evaluation. In this way, useless "electronic data cemeteries" are produced. Consequently the demand, not only for the installation of data banks, but also to provide for their evaluation is deduced.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1993

Attempt to reconstruct body stature basing on circumferences of long bones in fossil body remains.

Studies were conducted on long bones from Middle Ages row cemetery in Milicz (Wrocław voivodship). Basing on measurements of trunc length in humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia and fibula as well as on measurements of circumferences of the truncs, simple correlation coefficients were calculated. The correlation coefficients were used to formulate regression equation permitting to reconstruct bone length from corresponding circumference in cases when epiphysis was destroyed. When applied appropriately, the method may be used to reconstruct length of long bones and the entire stature of extinct population members.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1993

The reliability of mortality data in Johannesburg.

Information on deaths in Johannesburg is collected on a voluntary basis by the Johannesburg City Health Department from the Department of Home Affairs regional offices as well as state mortuaries in the area. The reliability of these routinely collected data was assessed. Records of deaths of Asians, coloureds and whites from 1 July 1989 to 31 December 1989 were included in the study. Burial orders obtained from the different cemeteries and crematoria in the area were compared with the routinely collected mortality data. Two thousand eight hundred and thirty-seven deaths were included in the study. One hundred and ninety (6%) deaths in the department's records could not be found among the corresponding burial orders while 1,019 (36%) burial order records were not found among the department's routinely collected mortality data. Underreporting of deaths was greatest among the aged (43%) and infants (39%). When this underreporting was taken into account, the corrected infant mortality rate was 19.1/1,000 live births as opposed to 14.1. Recommendations are made for the improvement of the quality of routinely collected mortality data.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Ethnicity of Scandinavian populations from 1050-1500 A.D.

In a skeletal material of five individuals from a non-christian cemetery in Middle Sweden (Vivallen) non-metric traits in skulls and mandibles were studied. Burial gifts and burial customs indicate Saamisch/Lappish origin of these individuals. Their affinities are explored here by comparing the traits with data on crania of Saamish populations from Northern Norway as well a with data of Nordic populations from Middle Sweden and Middle Norway. The Nordic populations from Sweden and Norway are dated to the Medieval period and the Saamish population is post-Medieval. The individuals of the Vivallen burial ground were found to exhibit Saamish as well as Nordic traits. These anthropological investigations together with odontological and palaeopathological studies constitute parts of the South-Saami project, in which also archaeologists from Sweden and Norway participate.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Seasonal abundance of dengue vectors in Manila, Republic of the Philippines.

The dengue vectors Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus were surveyed within the city of Manila from August 1985 to July 1987. Survey techniques included ovitraps, indoor resting collections, Fay traps, and larval surveys. Aedes aegypti was the principal container breeder within the residential areas, while Ae. albopictus predominated in cemeteries. The ovitrap was very effective in detecting the presence of Ae. aegypti, but not in measuring population changes during the year. Indoor resting and Fay traps show a low population of Ae. aegypti from February through May, during the dry season, and higher populations from June through September, during the rainy season. The most common indoor containers holding larvae were flower vases, while metal or glass containers were the most common outdoors. Dengue transmission appears to be closely related to rainfall, with cases increasing about 2 months following the onset of the rainy season.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

19th century spondyloarthropathy independent of socioeconomic status: lack of skeletal collection bias.

The representativeness of skeletal populations for characterization of the nature and frequency of disease could be questioned, as the bias of acquisition is often unclear. Examination of 2 proximate early 19th century cemetery populations, discordant for socioeconomic status, revealed indistinguishable character and frequency of spondyloarthropathy. Joint involvement, number and symmetry of joint erosions and fusion and skeletal distribution were indistinguishable in the 2 populations. It would appear that socioeconomic status does not bias skeletal populations, at least with respect to diseases for which no effective treatment was available.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1995

Effect of smoking on sudden and premature death.

BACKGROUND: Smoking has been related to coronary heart disease, and, in men, to sudden death. The results of a case-control study designed to assess the relationship between smoking and all causes of sudden and premature death are reported. METHODS: A questionnaire on the previous history and causes of death of all people buried in the Municipal Cemetery of Valencia (1986-1987) was administered to the relatives of the deceased. Among 4718 deaths, 284 victims of sudden death were identified, and 495 people who had not died suddenly were randomly sampled as controls. RESULTS: The proportion of smokers among the women studied was extremely low in contrast to 58.9% of men in the sudden death study group and 59.2% of men in the non-sudden death study group who smoked. Smokers died on average 10 years younger than non-smokers in the sudden-death group (63.3 +/- 12.3 and 73.3 +/- 11.0 years respectively; P < 0.001), and 8 years earlier in the non-sudden death group (68.5 +/- 13.3 and 76.8 +/- 13.2 years, respectively; P < 0.001). A logistic regression model showed that smokers had an adjusted relative risk of 0.81 for sudden death compared with non-smokers (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45-1.46). Smokers 65 years of age or under had a 2.7 times greater risk (95% CI: 1.49-5.04) of premature death than non-smokers. Similar results were found in patients from the coronary- and cardiac-death subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking is an independent risk factor for premature death but not for sudden death.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1995

[Toxic compounds in our environment--challenge or cost of prosperity].

The goal of this contribution was the description of the possibilities as well as the limitations to which a toxicologist is confronted when evaluating potential toxic compounds to which human beings can be exposed during their lifetime. The number of substances is overwhelming. The available methods for the evaluation are not satisfactory for everybody. Nevertheless, the results are not as bad as sometimes is asserted: in the industrial societies, the expected life span of men increases. The evaluation of the effects is unsatisfactory especially for the carcinogenic and allergic potential of foreign compounds. This is the consequence of our limited knowledge about the biological processes underlaying these effects, or, in other words, research must be intensified in this field. Finally, the experiences of the public as well as of the media with risks and their evaluation are not satisfactorily developed. The intellectual development of the public is rather slow compared to that in business life and economics. This means that everybody oughts to acquire knowledge in order to be able to make appropriate decisions in a world increasingly complicated. Otherwise, our society ends up with a convenient home for the aged combined with a cemetery. And this, by the way, is less than a recreation center (Freizeitpark).

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Self-reported fears: a comparison study of youths with and without an intellectual disability.

Normal fear plays an essential role in human development and experience, and much research attention has been devoted to its study in the general population. In contrast, the normal fears of youths with intellectual disabilities have largely been ignored. The present paper reports the normative fears of 187 youths with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities. Data were also gathered from 372 youths of average intelligence for comparison purposes. All respondents were aged between 7 and 18 years. Fear was assessed using the Fear Survey Schedule for Children-II (FSSC-II), an instrument which has been psychometrically validated in samples with and without disabilities. The youths with disabilities reported significantly higher levels of fearfulness and a greater range of fears than youths without disabilities. The content of their fears was also more likely to resemble those of younger children without disabilities. The fears that best discriminated between the two samples were those related to supernatural phenomena or animals. Included were fears of bees, lizards, ghosts or similar eerie things, and cemeteries. Nevertheless, there was considerable similarity between the two samples. For both samples, females reported a higher level of fearfulness and a greater range of fear than males, and fears of death and danger were endorsed as arousing the strongest fear for all respondents. The theoretical and applied implications of these results are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Knee problems from a medical history viewpoint].

Knee-joint problems have worried our medical ancestors time and again and made them search for unconventional solutions. Four small case studies are meant to give the reader an insight into the paleopathology and medical history of knee-joint diseases. A grotesquely deformed knee-joint of a young ladies' tailor from the hospital cemetery of Basle (1846) has been investigated paleopathologically and led to the diagnosis of a severe knee-joint tuberculosis. Based on the rediscovered written legacy of the Zurich country doctor Felix Heusser (1817-1875), his significance as an up to now underrated pioneer of knee-joint resection is illustrated. The example of the first knee-endoprosthesis invented by Themistocles Gluck (1853-1942) demonstrates how an ingenious idea can very seriously affect the career of a very promising physician. Another milestone in knee surgery, the invention of knee arthroscopy by the controversial Argovian surgeon, military commander and politician Eugen Bircher (1882-1956), deserves once more our attention.

History, 18th Century↗
PubMed1996

Tales of the crypt for psychiatrists: mourning, melancholia, and mortuary malpractice.

Death awaits all, leaving in its wake relatives and friends affected by the loss of a loved one. Immediately following death, the funeral process begins, resulting in permanent burial in a cemetery. This report investigates the dysfunctional interactions between grief-stricken relatives and mortuaries that are associated with civil litigation for negligence. Psychiatric evaluations of 25 bereaved plaintiffs from nine separate lawsuits were performed. In addition, medical records and legal pleadings were reviewed as sources of additional information. General themes from the clinical material are identified and illustrated by two cases. Surviving relatives are in an acute state of emotional turmoil, rendering them exquisitely sensitive to lapses in expected routine and perceived disrespect toward the decreased. These issues are intensified when the circumstances of the death were traumatic, when the relationship with the deceased was ambivalent, when specific cultural and religious factors are present, and when the influence of litigation is felt. If the burial process is disrupted, civil suits for negligence may be filed that exacerbate grief and challenge the psychiatrist's efforts to resolve diagnostic ambiguity in the face of emotionally charged cultural and religious practices.

Adult↗