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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Comparisons of images simultaneously documented by digital subtraction coronary arteriography and cine coronary arteriography].

Using an angiography apparatus capable of simultaneously processing digital subtraction angiograms and cine angiograms, the diagnostic capabilities of both methods for the coronary arteries (DSCAG and Cine-CAG) were compared. 1. Twenty stenotic lesions of the coronary arteries of 11 patients were evaluated using both modalities. The severity of stenosis using DSCAG with a 512 x 512 x 8 bit matrix was semiautomatically measured on the cathode ray tube (CRT) based on enlarged images on the screen of a Vanguard cine projector which were of the same size as those of or 10 times larger than images of Cine-CAG. The negative and positive hard copies of DSCAG images were also compared with those of Cine-CAG. The correlation coefficients of the severity of stenosis by DSCAG and Cine-CAG were as follows: (1) the same size DSCAG images on CRT to Cine-CAG, 0.95, (2) 10 times enlarged DSCAG images on CRT to Cine-CAG, 0.96, and (3) the same size DSCAG images on negative and positive hard copies to Cine-CAG, 0.97. The semiautomatically measured values of 10 times enlarged DSCAG images on CRT and the manually measured values of the same size negative and positive DSCAG images in hard copy closely correlated with the values measured using Cine-CAG. 2. When the liver was superimposed in the long-axis projection, the diagnostic capabilities of DSCAG and Cine-CAG were compared. The materials included 10 left coronary arteriograms and 11 right coronary arteriograms. Diagnostically, DSCAG was more useful than Cine-CAG in the long-axis projection.

Angiography, Digital Subtraction↗
PubMed1977

Determination of the left ventricular volume by scinticamera --basic studies and clinical application--.

Scintillation angiocardiography was performed around the point of time when the injected RI mainly passed through the left ventricle. Gating permitted the radiophotography of the end-diastolic and end-systolic image of the left ventricle. Critiques of the techniques gave result that the best available image could be obtained when the cumulative count was 20,000, aperture setting 4/5 and brightness of cathode ray tube 8. Studies with mechanical model showed that the condition of high-flow, combined with the use of relatively small dose of RI resulted in a marked underetimation of the left ventricular image. Clinical studies was performed using SWI-LVEDV plots, giving the plot of stroke index (SWI) against the left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV). It was thus formed that the patients with enlarged left ventricles responded to the administration of digitalis with shrinkage of the heart, while the patients with relatively small heart responded to it with increase in SWI at the unchanged level of LVEDV. Studies with systolic time intervals particularly PEP/LVET, showed that relatively high values of PEP/LVET applied to those whose left ventricular SWI-LVEDV plots were located low and to the right, while relatively low values of PEP/LVET applied to those patients whose SWI-LVEDV plots were located high and towards the left, indicating relatively good LV performance.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Variation of gamma camera photographic image density with count rate.

In recent years there has been a gradual shift in gamma camera image recording toward the use of transparency films. When this occurs one encounters the intermittency effect. This effect causes the image density to increase as the count rate increases. In addition, density may also increase because the light output per count from the cathode ray tube also increases as the count rate increases. If these effects are not taken into account, images obtained at low count rates may be too light and those obtained at high count rates may be too dark. This paper discusses these phenomena and presents experimental data that shows how image density varies with respect to count rate for several commonly used films.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Three-dimensional imaging of bone from computerized tomography.

An automatic computer technique was designed to produce three-dimensional (3D) images of bony anatomy on a cathode ray tube (CRT) from computerized tomography (CT) data. The authors transferred CT scan data of a cadaver and 11 patients to a computer system via magnetic tape. An automatic edge extraction algorithm generated an outline of bone specified by a range of CT numbers for each scan slice. These outlines were stacked in the computer and various graphics options used to represent the 3D anatomy of bone on a high-resolution CRT screen. The 3D image data were interfaced with a three-axis computer numerically controlled milling device to produce solid models of these bone images. Comparison of the dimensions of the solid models of the femur, hemipelvis, and femoral medullary canal to the actual cadaver specimen demonstrated that the models were accurate in size to within 1-3 mm. These 3D images and solid models will be helpful for preoperative diagnosis, surgical planning, and customized prosthesis manufacture in complex orthopaedic cases.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1983

Discrete automated chemistry system with tableted reagents.

An instrument/reagent system with tableted reagents has been developed for performing ultraviolet/visible photometric assays. Preformed disposable plastic cuvettes pass through a stationary track every 5 s, providing a maximum throughput of 698 tests/h. The photometric system consists of a single light source with a separate set of light guides for each of eight photometer stations; bichromatic readings are possible at any of seven wavelengths between 340 and 630 nm. Tablets for 30 different analytes have been developed, each of which contains all necessary components for a single determination. Tablets are dispensed from disposable dispensers into cuvettes under the direction of the system's microprocessor and are completely dissolved within 45 s by ultrasonic agitation. Sample volumes range from 2 to 20 microL. Test requests are selected on a cathode-ray tube display, and sample-container bar-code labels are automatically printed. Sample entry is totally random. The system is designed to provide reagent quality control and also serum and reagent blank corrections for each test. Examples of equilibrium, zero-order, and first-order kinetic assays are presented.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1980

Use of backscattered electron imaging to quantify the distribution of inhaled crystalline silica.

Inhalation of crystalline silica causes fibrotic pulmonary disease. The lung pathology of silicosis is well characterized and predictable, but the initial patterns of particle deposition and translocation are unknown. Scanning electron microscopy and backscattered electron imaging were utilized to quantify silica particle distribution in the distal air spaces of rats following a three-hour exposure to silica dust at a concentration of 100mg/m3. Lungs were perfused through the vasculature with 2% Karnovsky's fixative at a pressure of 15cm of water for 30 minutes. Blocks of tissue were dissected from five predetermined regions of the left lung and critical point dried. Mounted blocks were further dissected to reveal terminal bronchioles and their attached alveolar ducts. The tissue was sputter-coated with gold. Silica particles were visualized on the alveolar duct surfaces, then counted using negative backscattered electron imaging. The precise area of alveolar duct surfaces was calculated by using a standard magnification of 10,000X and a grid of 64cm2 over the viewing cathode ray tube. Thus, quantitation of silica particles could be expressed as number of particles per square micron. Our data show that there were fewer particles on the alveolar duct surfaces and in alveolar spaces of animals 8 hours after exposure when compared with animals 3 hours post-exposure.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Observation on backscattered electron image (BEI) of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) in semi-thin sections prepared for light microscopy.

In order to examine semi-thin section for light microscopy with the backscattered electron mode (BE mode), identical sites in tissue sections were comparatively observed with both light microscopy and BE mode. Tissue blocks (ca. 3 X 3 X 1 mm) were fixed in glutaraldehyde or combined formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde solution. After dehydration in alcohol, they were embedded in Kushida's GMA-Quetol 523. 1.0 micron sections on glass slides coated with indium oxide were stained with hematoxylin-eosin or toluidine blue or by the Giemsa method, and then treated with osmium tetroxide vapor or aqueous KMnO4 solution or uranyl acetate-lead citrate solution. The identical places of such sections could be examined with the accelerating potential of 6 kV and the probe current of 8 X 10(-10) A using a JSM-35C SEM with BEIS BE detector. Photographs were taken with the 2500-line resolution cathode ray tube and the time of exposure was 100 sec. The sections were placed at a distance of 5mm from the BE detector. BE images from osmium tetroxide vapor staining showed a distinctly improved contrast especially when the sections were previously stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The cellular structure was clearly demonstrated under the electron microscope in the BE mode. Identical sites in tissue samples could be compared exactly with both light and electron micrographs.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Mapping of the cardiac electric activity. Applications to experimental surgery].

The results reported by French and other groups of workers have shown that peroperative epicardial mapping is a valuable technique for locating the accessory pathway in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and also in the surgical treatment of certain forms of chronic ventricular tachycardia. The aim of this study was to develop a completely automatic method of mapping potentials recorded at many points during the same systole. A system of acquisition and automatic treatment of 256 cardiac potentials called SATAPEC was constructed at the University of Caen. The system comprises specialized recorders, a multiplexing system on 256 leads with analogical-digital conversion and a PDP 11-23 mini computer. The results presented are based on the location of the His bundle and the right bundle branch in the dog from recordings of the H potential. The recording device with 240 (20 x 12) measuring points is a silk net on which 50 micrometers diameter silver wires are attached. The wires are insulated except at their tips and are separated one from another by a distance of 2 mm. After infundibulotomy the recording device was placed over the interventricular or right interatrial septum. The 240 unipolar electrograms were recorded during a single systole. The programmes which have been developed automatically produce maps of the amplitude of the H potential. The computer detects the presence or absence of a H potential on each electrogram and then displays on a cathode ray tube points of variable size indicating the locations of the electrodes which have recorded a H potential.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The pharmacy computer system at the New England Medical Center.

The pharmacy computer system developed and implemented at the New England Medical Center (NEMC) is described. The system was developed to improve the department's fiscal performance and operations. It operates on NEMC's large mainframe system and has the following components-order entry, unit dose/patient profile, i.v. admixture, and financial/management. The system was designed to interface with the admissions and census system and use the pharmacy department's drug data file. It accepts medication orders from pharmacy satellites and then processes the orders according to the requirements for the i.v. admixture or unit dose procedures. Financial data are collected as a routine part of all medication order processing. The system allows for the entry of multiple medication orders on one cathode ray tube (CRT) screen, thus facilitating order entry. The use of programmed system defaults is described. Order entry, dose selection, and patient profiles are displayed on a CRT. An active order list is printed once daily at midnight to serve as a back-up for the system. The computer system has had a positive impact on the department's operational, clinical, and management functions. Future enhancements of the NEMC system are discussed.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1984

Design of a microcomputer-based densitometer system: application to serum protein electrophoresis.

We describe how a microcomputer (Apple II Plus) can be interfaced with a commercial densitometer to provide control functions, do automated data processing, and print final reports. The amplified densitometer photodetector signal is digitized, stored, and plotted on the cathode-ray tube to provide a real-time graphical display of data acquisition. The software was designed to identify automatically the five main serum protein fractions and to compute final results. Algorithms were designed to provide medically relevant comments for most of the common abnormal protein patterns, and the comments section was designed so that it could be modified to use specific comments composed by the user. A final report, printed in duplicate, contains information such as the patient's name, identifying numbers, numerical results, normal values, medically relevant comments, and a digitized high-resolution plot of the electrophoretic pattern. The densitometer was one that already had been in use for several years; the microcomputer system, software, and interfaces cost less than $2200.

Blood Protein Electrophoresis↗
PubMed1982

ILIS--An integrated laboratory information system. I. Biochemistry and hematology.

IBM System 34 (central processing unit, 128 kilobytes; fixed disks, 128.4 megabytes) with seven cathode-ray tubes has been used by our clinical laboratories for the last 30 months. All data-entry programs are in a conversational mode, for on-line corrections of possible errors in patient identification and results. Daily reports are removed from the medical records after temporary and permanent cumulative weekly reports are received, which keep a three-month track of the results. The main advantages of the system are: (a) the increasing laboratory work load can be handled with the same staff; (b) the volume of the medical record files on the patients is decreased; (c) an easily retrievable large data base of results is formed for research purposes; (d) faster billing; and (e) the computer system is run without engaging any additional staff.

Belgium↗
PubMed1995

[An analyzing system for fluorescein angiography of retinal blood flow using a high speed, high sensitivity camera].

We constructed a speedy and sensitive fundus camera system, and developed a new method to analyze retinal blood flow in rabbits and monkeys. The system is composed of a fluorescein fundus camera (TRC-50X, Topcon), a relay lens, an image intensifier (Ektapro-intensified-imager, Kodak), a digital recorder (Ektapro-EM, Kodak), an S-VHS analogue recorder, a picture analyzer (IMAGEnet, Topcon), and a CRT (cathode-ray tube) monitor. The speed of retinal blood flow in rabbits is calculated by measuring the time and distance between two points of an advancing illumined fluorescein dye front in a vessel. The speed in monkeys is obtained by analysis using an autocorrelative function, instead of the method used with rabbits, because of background fluorescein noise and vessel tortuousity.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The safe use of visual display units.

The use of visual display units (VDUs) has been increasing throughout the world in the last decade. The most common type of VDU uses the cathode ray tube, and this has resulted in concern among the public about possible adverse effects of radiation exposure from VDU use. Radiation emission from the VDU is negligible and has not been shown to be harmful to health, or to cause adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, many full-time VDU users often complain of visual discomfort, musculoskeletal discomfort of the neck, lower back and upper limbs, and psychosocial problems. The likelihood of having such complaints is positively associated with the duration of hours worked per day, the nature of the work, work schedules and workload, and workstation design and layout, rather than the VDU technology per se. Such complaints are often transient and resolve rapidly when stopping work. Other alleged adverse health effects of VDU use, such as skin complaints, have been discounted. Guidelines on the safe use of VDUs have been issued by various industrial corporations and national institutions. The guidelines generally address three main areas, viz (1) the provision of a suitable workstation and work environment, (2) good work technique and work schedules, and (3) preplacement and periodic health examinations for the detection and correction of personal impairments. The implementation of these guidelines will resolve many of the potentially correctable factors which result in many of the adverse health effects associated with VDU use.

Computer Terminals↗
PubMed1994

Analysis of crystalline lens coloration using a black and white charge-coupled device camera.

To analyze lens coloration in vivo, we used a new type of Scheimpflug camera that is a black and white type of charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. A new methodology was proposed. Scheimpflug images of the lens were taken three times through red (R), green (G), and blue (B) filters, respectively. Three images corresponding with the R, G, and B channels were combined into one image on the cathode-ray tube (CRT) display. The spectral transmittance of the tricolor filters and the spectral sensitivity of the CCD camera were used to correct the scattering-light intensity of each image. Coloration of the lens was expressed on a CIE standard chromaticity diagram. The lens coloration of seven eyes analyzed by this method showed values almost the same as those obtained by the previous method using color film.

Cataract↗
PubMed1993

Aggravation of experimental allergic conjunctivitis by environmental chemical and physical factors.

The effects of trichlorfon (DEP, Dipterex, anticholinesterase pesticide) and paraquat dichloride (Gramoxon, inhibitor of superoxide dismutase) on passive anaphylactic reaction in guinea pig conjunctiva using Japanese cedar pollen were quantitatively studied. For estimation of allergic conjunctivitis, Evans blue after i.v. injection was extracted from conjunctiva and measured spectrophotometrically. Allergic conjunctivitis was apparently aggravated by extremely low dosages of organophosphorus pesticide (10(-5) mg/kg) and organochlorine herbicide (10(-4) mg/kg). The aggravation of allergic conjunctivitis was also observed after exposure to cathode ray tubes used in commercial television, possibly due to electromagnetic waves. IgE-mediated allergic reaction could be non-specifically potentiated by such environmental factors.

Allergens↗
PubMed1977

Simple automated drug distribution system.

A simple automated drug distribution system is described. To reduce errors generated by a traditional system, a system was implemented which required (1) writing three computer programs, (2) installing a cathode ray tube terminal and a split-pattern character printer in the pharmacy, and (3) designing a new piggyback medication label. Under the new system reorders per order were reduced by 24% (indicating that the number of unnecessary orders had been minimized) and credits per order or reorder increased 7%.

Computers↗
PubMed1977

Integration of pharmacy into the computerized problem-oriented medical information system (PROMIS)--a demonstration project.

The integration of pharmacy into the computerized problem-oriented medical information system (PROMIS) at the Medical Center Hospital of Vermont is discussed. Practioners who generate and retrieve information communicate directly with the computer without intermediary personnel. Touch-screen cathode-ray tube terminals are used for data input. Under PROMIS, the pharmacist has two new resources which better integrate his services into total patient care: (1) the ability to directly access online patient data in the pharmacy, and (2) the ability to directly couple online current drug information to a specific patient's computerized medical record in the pharmacy. The PROMIS solutions to pharmacy problems in drug ordering, drug distribution and drug therapy audit are discussed; In a demonstration project on a 20-bed unit, PROMIS made the medical record readily available to all health care providers, reduced reliance on memory, preserved the logic of medical action, and provided feedback loops for corrective action in everyday medical practice. Also discussed are user acceptance of the system, effect on pharmacy staffing, and implications for pharmacy.

Computers↗
PubMed1995

Computer screens and brain cancer.

Concern has recently been expressed in Australia, both in the media and at the federal government level, over possible links between screen-based computer use and cancer, brain tumour in particular. The screen emissions assumed to be the sources of the putative hazard are the magnetic fields responsible for horizontal and vertical scanning of the display. Time-varying fluctuations in these magnetic fields induce electrical current flows in exposed tissues. This paper estimates that the induced current densities in the brain of the computer user are up to 1 mA/m2 (due to the vertical flyback). Corresponding values for other electrical appliances or installations are in general much less than this. The epidemiological literature shows no obvious signs of a sudden increase in brain tumour incidence, but the widespread use of computers is a relatively recent phenomenon. The occupational use of other equipment based on cathode ray tubes (such as TV repair) has a much longer history and has been statistically linked to brain tumour in some studies. A number of factors make this an unreliable indicator of the risk from computer screens, however.

Australia↗