Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “CULTURE”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Improving the cultural competence of nursing students: results of integrating cultural content in the curriculum and an international immersion experience.

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effect of integrating cultural content (ICC) in an undergraduate nursing curriculum on students' self-perceived cultural competence, and to determine whether a 5-week clinical immersion in international nursing (ICC Plus) had any additional effect on students' self-perceived cultural competence. Cultural competence was measured using a 28-item scale regarding students' self-perceived knowledge, self-awareness, and comfort with skills of cultural competence. Pretest scores from admission into the program were matched with posttest scores obtained just prior to graduation for 32 students, 7 of whom also participated in a 5-week immersion experience in Guatemala. Results, expressed in effect sizes, showed small to moderate gains for the 25 students in the ICC group, and very large gains for the 7 students in the ICC Plus group, related to perceived cultural competence. These results are consistent with the two-phase (cognitive and affective) development of cultural competence proposed by Wells.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Preliminary study on bacterial culture through near-natural pure culture technique].

Based on the ecological features of mutual benefits of different microbes in natural environment, near-natural pure culture technique which was an improvement of conventional pure culture method had been put forward. The key point of this new method was to make hole petri dishes covered with millipore membranes. When these covered dishes being used to culture microorganisms, it could provide incubated microbes active materials from native environment, maintain free communicating with outside microbes, and improve their recovery and culturability of some bacteria. To some degree, this technique enhanced their strengths and overcome their weaknesses of mixed culture method and conventional pure culture method so as to increase microbial culturability and even possibly obtain some nonculturable microorganisms.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1987

Inflammatory mediators and modulators released in organ culture from rabbit skin lesions produced in vivo by sulfur mustard. III. Electrophoretic protein fractions, trypsin-inhibitory capacity, alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor, and alpha 1- and alpha 2-macroglobulin proteinase inhibitors of culture fluids and serum.

This is the third report in a series on the inflammatory mediators and modulators released in organ culture from skin lesions of various ages, which were produced in vivo in rabbits by the military vesicant, sulfur mustard (SM). It describes the electrophoretic protein fractions and trypsin-inhibitory capacities of the various culture fluids and the amounts of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and alpha-macroglobulin proteinase inhibitors in these fluids. With one-dimensional electrophoresis, the albumin and beta-globulin fractions of protein in culture fluids varied little with the development and healing of the SM lesions. These fractions proportionally resembled the corresponding fractions found in serum. The alpha 1-globulin fraction was proportionally smaller than the corresponding fractions of serum as the lesions healed. The alpha 2-globulin fraction was proportionally smaller than the corresponding fractions of serum at all stages of lesion development and healing. The gamma-globulin fraction was proportionally larger as the lesions healed. With two-dimensional electrophoresis, about 68%, 46%, and 35% of the protein spots in culture fluids from representative 1-day and 6-day SM lesions and normal skin, respectively, matched those from serum. In each case, the large, diffuse, serum albumin spot represented about two-thirds of the protein present. Thus, gravimetrically, in normal skin and in both developing and healing lesions, the extracellular proteins were 80-90% of serum origin. The trypsin-inhibitory capacity (TIC) per milligram protein in the culture fluids of healing lesions was markedly less than the TIC per milligram protein in the fluids of peak lesions. This decrease correlates well with the decrease found in the alpha 1-globulin fraction, which contains alpha 1-antiproteinase (alpha 1-PI) (and alpha 1-macroglobulin [alpha 1M] in rabbits). The alpha 1PI and the alpha 1M-alpha 2M proteinase inhibitors were identified in the culture fluids by means of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Western blots, specific antibodies, and the immuno-peroxidase technique. The levels of both free and proteinase-complexed alpha 1PI and alpha M inhibitors in the culture fluids decreased as the lesions healed. In both developing and healing lesions, at least half of the alpha 1PI and alpha M inhibitors seemed to be complexed with proteinases. Thus, serum seems to be a major source of unbounded extracellular protein within acute inflammatory lesions, and serum proteinase inhibitors seem to be the host's major defense against local damage by proteinases from serum, infiltrating leukocytes, and activated fibroblasts.

Aging↗
PubMed1978

Primary culture of adult rat liver cells. III. Hormonal effects on cytological and biochemical properties of primary cultured cells.

The effect of various hormones on cytological and biochemical properties of cultured hepatic cells were investigated in order to obtain long-term survival of the hepatocytes with adult liver functions in primary culture. Insulin supplementation of the culture medium enhanced the attachemnt efficiency of cells in primary culture without affecting either maintenance of morphological characters of epithelial cells or retention of liver-specific functions in cultured cells. A combination of dexamethasone and insulin was apparently effective in stimulating the formation of a monolayer of polygonal cells with granular cytoplasm and in maintenance of liver-specific functions for relatively longer periods. Supplementation with either dexamethasone or hydrocortisone alone enhanced tyrosine aminotransferase activities in cultured cells for at least 4 days postinoculation. These steroid hormones also allowed growth of small epithelial cells with clear cytoplasm and maintenance of increased albumin production for 8 days after inoculation. The roles of these hormones in the primary culture of isolated hepatic cells are discussed in the present paper.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Differential modulation of human chorionic gonadotropin production by methotrexate in normal and malignant placental cultures and its increase by dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate and/or actinomycin D in normal cultures.

The influence of methotrexate (MTX), dibutyryl cyclic AMP, and actinomycin D on production of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in normal first trimester human placental organ cultures was compared. Actinomycin D (10(-8) to 10(-6) M) elevated HCG production by as much as 3.5-fold in normal placenta, and a 2-fold increase in HCG levels was obtained by treatment with dibutyryl cyclic AMP (1 mM) and theophylline (1 mM). The combination of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (1 mM) plus theophylline (1 mM) and actinomycin D (10(-8) M) additively enhanced HCG production by 4.5-fold. In contrast, HCG levels in normal placental organ cultures were unaffected by MTX (10(-8) to 10(-5) M) despite several differing treatment regimens. The JAr line of human choriocarcinoma cells, on the other hand, exhibited an 8-fold increase in HCG levels following MTX exposure (10(-7) M). Incorporation of selected radiolabeled precursors of the de novo and salvage pathways of DNA synthesis was evaluated to assess potential metabolic alterations underlying the differential HCG response of these cultures to MTX. Deoxyuridine incorporation into DNA was decreased similarly in both normal and malignant placenta following MTX exposure. However, deoxycytidine incorporation was inhibited by MTX in normal placental cultures but was elevated by as much as 4-fold in JAr cultures exposed to MTX. Thymidine incorporation into DNA was increased in both groups in the presence of MTX; however, thymidine incorporation was more profoundly stimulated (5-fold) in normal placenta than in JAr cultures (2.5-fold). These data indicate dissimilar utilization of the de novo and salvage pathways of DNA synthesis by these cultures which may explain their differential responsiveness to MTX.

Bucladesine↗
PubMed1988

Isolation of Salmonella typhi from standard whole-blood culture vs blood-clot cultures.

The use of 10% oxgall and bile broth medium, both supplemented with freshly prepared 100 u/ml streptokinase, for isolating Salmonella typhi by clot culture technique was evaluated and compared against whole blood culture systems (3 ml blood in 9 ml media and 8 ml blood in 72 ml media). These gave a 1:4 and 1:10 blood to medium ratio, respectively. Clot cultures in 10% oxgall (CLOX) gave a 57% positive isolation rate for S. typhi. A similar result was obtained from clot cultures in bile broth medium (CLBB). A total of 184 samples identified as positive for S. typhi were tested. There was no significant difference between the use of 10% oxgall or bile broth medium when used for clot culture. The whole blood culture systems still showed a significantly better rate of isolation than the clot culture methods.

Blood↗
PubMed1979

Amniotic fluid cell culture II. Evaluation of a red blood cell lysis procedure for culture of cells from blood-contaminated amniotic fluid.

Second trimester amniotic fluid samples obtained transabdominally for genetic analysis not infrequently are contaminated with blood. There has been disagreement as to whether blood contamination interferes with the efficiency of culture of amniotic fluid cells for genetic diagnosis. A procedure using ammonium chloride to lyse contaminating red blood cells has been recommended to increase culture success. In this report we document that cultures derived from blood-contaminated amniotic fluids form fewer cell colonies than cultures from clear amniotic fluids. We also show that a recommended procedure using ammonium chloride to lyse red blood cells is ineffectual in improving the efficiency of cell culture, and may be detrimental to successful culturing of cells from bloody amniotic fluids. A hypothesis concerning the mechanism of interference with culture of amniotic fluid cells by contaminating blood is presented and a means of preventing this complication is suggested.

Ammonium Chloride↗
PubMed1981

Lysis of fresh and cultured autologous tumor by human lymphocytes cultured in T-cell growth factor.

Human lymphocytes derived from the peripheral blood of patients with a variety of cancers were grown in T-cell growth factor (TCGF) and tested in a 4-hr 51Cr microcytotoxicity assay against fresh and cultured autologous tumor, autologous cultured skin fibroblasts, and autologous fresh peripheral blood lymphocytes. Lymphocytes grown in TCGF caused significant lysis of autologous cultured tumor and fibroblasts but caused little lysis of fresh autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes in all of seven patients tested. This lytic activity against autologous cultured cells was not dependent on the source of serum used in culturing the lymphoid cells or the targets. Lymphoid cells grown in TCGF also were capable of causing selective lysis of fresh autologous tumor cells that had never been in culture in five of nine patients. Lymphoid cells growing in lectin-free TCGF caused selective lysis of autologous tumor in five of seven patients. These observations demonstrate that peripheral lymphoid cells grown in TCGF can be lytic for autologous cultured and autologous fresh tumor compared to the lysis of fresh autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes. The fact that these autoreactive cells, lytic for tumor, may be expanded to large numbers in TCGF suggests a possible role for these cells in studies of the control of the cytotoxic response of activated cells to tumor and possibly in the immunotherapy of tumors as well.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Effect of the cultivation temperature on the growth and culture properties of microorganism collection type cultures].

The effect of temperature on growth and cultural properties of 309 strains of actinomycetes and bacteria from the Culture Collection of the All-Union Research Institute of Antibiotics was studied. The most favourable temperature for the overwhelming majority of the cultures ranged within 24--37 degrees C. The highest temperature limit in some of the cultures was the strain characteristic. Increased temperature entailed better growth and sporulation and changes in some of the cultural properties of separate strains of Str. rimosus, Str. fradiae, Str. roseus, Str. reticuli, Str. longisporus, Str. rubescens and Str. sp. To show more completely the variation ranges of actinomycetes it is recommended that for their description not only cultures grown on different media, which is the most common practice in taxonomic investigations be studied but also cultures grown at various temperatures.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1994

A selective culture system for generating terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-positive lymphoid precursor cells in vitro. IV. Properties and developmental relationships of the lymphoid cells in the adherent and nonadherent compartments of the culture.

In a selective culture system, the in vitro generation of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase positive (TdT+) B cell progenitors from rat, mouse, and human bone marrow (BM) is characterized by initial lymphoid colonization of a mouse BM feeder layer. In the present study, four sequentially appearing subsets of B cell progenitors in the culture system are characterized. The first lymphoid subsets to appear, and presumably the least mature, are the adherent TdT- and TdT+ cells that reach plateau numbers on days 3 and 7, respectively. The appearance of TdT+ cells in the adherent phase of the culture is closely followed by a parallel increase in the number of TdT+ cells in the nonadherent phase, suggesting the release of a constant proportion of the adherent lymphoid cells from the feeder layer. Lastly, a wave of TdT- lymphoid cells is observed in the nonadherent fraction. All of the lymphoid cells generated in the cultures expressed the rat equivalent of the B220 antigen, whereas only one-half of the lymphoid cells (and one-half of the TdT+ cells) expressed the heat stable antigen (HSA), while none expressed surface or cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (Ig). This phenotypic profile identifies one-half of the generated lymphoid cells as pre-pro-B cells and the remainder as early to late pro-B cells. It also demonstrates that TdT is initially expressed prior to HSA expression in rat B cell differentiation. In vitro transfer experiments demonstrate that virtually all the precursors of TdT+ lymphoid cells (pre-TdT cells) in rat BM adhere to the mouse BM feeder layer during the first 24 hours of culture, and by day 7 of culture, the total pre-TdT cell activity in the adherent cell compartment increases more than 20-fold on a per cell basis and more than 70-fold on a per well basis. Finally, it was observed that a decrease in the concentration of fetal bovine serum (FBS) in the culture medium resulted in the selective release of the adherent TdT+, but not TdT-, lymphoid cells into the nonadherent compartment. These studies indicated that a stepwise progression of the earliest detectable stages in lymphoid development was associated with changes in stromal cell/lymphoid cell interactions that were partly regulated by serum-dependent adhesion mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The intensity of protein synthesis in the cells of a diluted hepatocyte culture is higher than in a dense culture].

Incorporation of 3H-leucine in proteins and radioactivity of free leucine have been studied in hepatocyte culture on collagen-coated glass. A high density culture obtained from a suspension of isolated rat hepatocytes at 5 x 10(6) cells/ml was compared with low density cultures diluted from the same suspension 10- to 20-fold. The incorporation pool ratio showing the efficiency of the precursor utilization was higher in the low density culture as compared with the high density monolayer. The effect was due to disproportionate low pool in the diluted cultures. The total radioactivity of proteins was lower in the diluted cultures as compared with the monolayer, although the incorporation was not in proportion with the cell density. Specific rate of protein synthesis (per cell) was higher in the diluted cultures than in the monolayer.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Toxicity of precocene II in rat hepatocyte cultures: effects of serum and culture time.

Omission of serum from culture medium markedly increased the toxicity of the cytochrome P450-activated toxin precocene II in 24-h cultures of rat hepatocytes. In addition, the depletion of glutathione and inhibition of cytochrome P450 in 24-h cultures increased and decreased, respectively, the toxicity of precocene II, as seen in vivo. Precocene II was also toxic to 72-h cultures, although the effect of the serum-free medium was attenuated. However, depletion of glutathione and inhibition of P450 had little or no effect on the toxicity in 72-h cultures. Therefore, the mechanism of precocene II-induced cell death appears to change with time in culture.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Synaptogenesis and amino acid release from long term embryonic rat spinal cord neuronal culture using tissue culture inserts.

In the present study, using tissue culture inserts (TCI) coupled with a primary spinal cord neuronal culture, we characterize a new perfusion system, which permits continuous perfusate collection from cultured neurons. Primary spinal cord neurons were isolated from the lumbar portion of E14 spinal cords of Sprague-Dawley rats, plated on TCI and fed with DMEM/B27/10% FBS. At 1-4 weeks after isolation the development of synapses and neurotransmitter phenotype in cultured neurons was verified using immunofluorescence. A time-dependent development of synapses (Syn) was seen with a dense Syn-positive network identified at 3-4 weeks after plating. A sub-population of plated neurons (35-40%) showed GABA immunoreactivity and expressed NMDAR1 receptor. To measure neurotransmitter release, a chamber accommodating TCI was constructed permitting perfusion of the insert across the membrane. To evoke amino acid release from cultured neurons, NMDA (10 mmol/l) was added into the perfusion buffer. Stimulation with NMDA evoked a significant GABA (4050 +/- 950%) and glutamate release (130 +/- 42%) during first 10 min after exposure. In control non-stimulated cells no significant changes were measured. These data show that by using TCI it is possible to maintain embryonic spinal cord neurons for an extended period and that this system may represent a simple tool to identify neurotransmitter and/or peptides associated with a specific population of cultured brain and/or spinal cord neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Reconstruction culture system simulating human synovium: a three-dimensional collagen gel culture of synoviocytes.

We developed a reconstruction culture system simulating human synovium to investigate the synoviocytes in a more physiological condition. This system with two types of dishes provided the two separated spaces corresponding to the joint cavity and nutrient vessels. The isolated normal synoviocytes were cultured in type-I collagen gel with a layer-seeded on top in a smaller inner dish with a porous bottom, which was placed in a larger outer dish. We added hyaluronic acid solution to the space on the gel to make an environment close to the physiological joint cavity. The space between the inner and outer dishes was filled with a complete medium to nourish the synoviocytes through the porous filter (Experiment 1). In addition, to examine cell-to-cell interaction, we created a co-culture model by mixing synoviocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the collagen gel matrix (Experiment 2). In this way we could reconstruct the synovium in vitro. The synoviocytes could survive and maintain their characteristics for four weeks of culture. In Experiment 1, almost all the cells were similar to type B synovial cells by histological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic observations. In Experiment 2, the spherical cells in abundance of lysosomes like type A synovial cells appeared sporadically in the lining layer. Immunohistochemically, the majority of cultured cells expressed CD68 and matrix metalloproteinase 3. This culture system promises to be of use in investigating the pathogenesis of various joint diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Rat keratinocyte primary cultures based on conductive polypyrrole primary cell culture technique].

Orthogonal experimental design has been applied to study the suitable cell culture medium and condition of conductive polypyrrole on rat keratinocyte cell cultures. The results showed that one thousand milliliters of complete minimum essential medium(CMEM) which contained 900 ml minimum essential medium(MEM), 10% fetal bovine serum(FBS), 1% NEAA, 6 ml insulin and 10 mg hydrocortisone was fit for keratinocyte cell culture. And the conductive polypyrrole obtained with 10 mA current density for 100 second switching times, given 100 mV electrical stimulation voltage for 2 hours, would stimulate the growth of rat keratinocyte cell in vitro cultures. The cell density under culture conditions described above was 1.30 times as high as that under routine culture conditions.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A novel culture system for induction of T cell development: modification of fetal thymus organ culture.

We have previously found that the development of T cells predominantly of the T cell receptor alpha beta T cell lineage, which is comparable to that in the organ culture (OC) of fetal thymus at the air-medium border (AMB), could be induced in submersion OC of murine fetal thymus if the cultivation was performed in an environment containing O2 at 60-80%. This culture method is named high oxygen submersion (HOS)-OC. In the present work, we established a culture system where T cell development can be induced from thymic as well as fetal liver progenitors by cocultivating them in a 96-well U-bottom plate with a deoxyguanosine (dGuo)-treated fetal thymus lobe under HOS conditions. Differentiation and growth of T cells in this culture system were comparable to those seen in the previously devised micro i.t. system, where progenitor cells were injected with a microinjector into dGuo-treated lobes and were cultured under AMB conditions. A similar level of T cell development was induced by cocultivating such progenitors with small fragments of thymus lobes under HOS conditions. Moreover, it was possible to induce T cell development by culturing fetal thymus cells with thymic stromal cells prepared by treating dGuo-treated lobes with trypsin plus EDTA in a V-bottom plate under HOS conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Arabinogalactan utilization in continuous cultures of Bifidobacterium longum: effect of co-culture with Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.

Studies showed that the plant cell wall polysaccharide arabinogalactan supported growth of Bifidobacterium longum in batch culture. Galactose was also utilized, but not arabinose, the other major constituent sugar of the polymer. Enzymes required for hydrolysis of arabinogalactan ('arabinogalactanase', alpha-arabinopyranosidase, beta-galactosidase) were inducible and cell-associated in B. longum, and their expression was repressed by glucose. Considerable amounts of alpha-arabinopyranosidase and beta-galactosidase were synthesized during growth on arabinogalactan, but only low levels of arabinogalactanase were detected. B. longum only grew on arabinogalactan in continuous culture under putative carbon-excess conditions. In C-limited chemostats, the bifidobacterium could not establish unless Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron was present in co-culture. The relationship between the two organisms was not simply commensal; at low specific growth rates, bacteroides cell population densities were approximately 30% lower than those recorded in axenic culture, indicating the existence of competitive interactions with the bifidobacterium. In contrast, at high specific growth rates, a mutualistic association was observed, in that Bact. thetaiotaomicron was maintained in the chemostats at high dilution rates if bifidobacteria were also present. Measurements of residual carbohydrate in spent culture fluid from C-limited chemostats indicated that a large part of the arabinogalactan molecule could not be broken down by either B. longum or Bact. thetaiotaomicron alone, or in co-culture. Formate and acetate were the major fermentation products of B. longum cultured in the presence of high concentrations of arabinogalactan, confirming that these bacteria were growing under energy-limited conditions.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of enzyme immunoassay, shell vial culture, and conventional cell culture for the rapid detection of herpes simplex virus.

Specimens submitted for the detection of herpes simplex virus (HSV) were inoculated into conventional cell-culture tubes and fresh MRC-5 shell vials. The shell vial centrifugation cultures (SVCs) were examined at 16 hr postinoculation for HSV by using type-specific monoclonal antibodies (SVC-FA); they were also analyzed for HSV antigen by using an enzyme-linked immunoassay (SVC-ELISA). Mink Lung (ML) and rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells were used in the cell-culture tubes. Of 182 specimens, 35 (19%) were positive in cell-culture tubes, 16 (9%) were positive by SVC-ELISA, and 22 (12%) were positive SVC-FA. All specimens that were positive by SVC-ELISA, SVC-FA, and in culture tubes displayed cytopathic effect (CPE) at 16 hr. Those specimens that had a negative ELISA and/or FA result and were positive in culture were evaluated for the time in which it took to detect CPE. At 16 hr, 48% of the positive tubes were detected; at 40 hr (second day), 83% of the positive tubes were detected; and by the third day, 94% were detected. The RD cell line displayed CPE at the same time or earlier than ML cells did in 92% of the positive cases. The sensitivity of the SVC-ELISA at 16 hr was 46% with 100% specificity. The sensitivity of the SVC-FA at 16 hr was 63% with 99% specificity. Given the increased sensitivity, rapid display of CPE, and reduced cost and handling time of cell cultures, our laboratory found that rapid SVC-ELISA and SVC-FA procedures for HSV detection have no clinical or laboratory advantage.

Cell Line↗