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Results for “CT scan analysis”

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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Follow-up computerized tomography (CT) scans in moderate and severe head injuries: correlation with Glasgow Coma Scores (GCS), and complication rate.

BACKGROUND: The wide availability of computerized tomography (CT) scan has popularized its use in initial and follow-up evaluations of head trauma patients. Follow-up CT scans of clinically stable patients, however, may not provide additional information, but could potentially subject the patients to secondary injuries. The authors investigated the correlation between CT scans and Glasgow coma score (GCS), and complication rate during follow-up CT scans in an attempt to dissuade clinicians from obtaining unnecessary follow-up CT scans. METHODS: The medical records of 180 patients with blunt head trauma were retrospectively reviewed. Only patients (117) with moderate and severe head injuries were included in the study. A total of 319 follow-up brain CT's for 94 patients were obtained. RESULTS: The change in CT scans was compared to the GCS the day of the scan. These two variables were found to be positively correlated by Chi-square analysis (chi 2 = 81.2; alpha < 0.001). CPP trend was found also be correlated with CT scan evolution by the Chi-square analysis (alpha < 0.001). When patients had unchanged or improved GCS, 73.1% had improved or the same CT appearance. When patients had a worse GCS, the CT was worse in 77.9%. A 16.9% (54/319) complication rate was documented during the follow-up scans (hemodynamic instability, increased intracranial pressure, desaturation, and agitation). This rate was higher in severe head trauma (GCS 3-8) patients than in moderate head injury (GCS 9-12) patients. Hemodynamic instability was the most common complication, which comprises 42.6% (23/54) of all complications. CONCLUSION: Because of the correlation between the CT scan appearance and the clinical status, as well as the detrimental effect of mobilizing critically ill patients, the authors urge the use of follow-up CT scans only in patients with clinical deterioration unexplained by ICP changes alone.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1991

Computerised tomography in Alzheimer's disease. Methods of scan analysis, comparison with normal controls, and clinical/radiological associations.

One hundred and thirty-eight patients satisfying NINCDS/ADRDA criteria for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 36 normal controls underwent cranial CT. A comparison of methods of scan analysis showed good agreement between computer-assisted methods and visual ratings and planimetry. The CT scans of controls differed significantly from patients and a discriminant analysis, based on all CT measures, predicted group membership (control or patient) in 81% of cases. Within the AD group, cortical atrophy correlated with age and duration of illness. Global tests of cognitive function correlated significantly with both cortical atrophy and ventricular size. Subjects who died in a three-year follow-up had more atrophy and larger third ventricles than survivors, but this effect was due entirely to increased age.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

[Helical CT presentation of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver].

OBJECTIVE: To improve the diagnostic accuracy of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) of the liver by analyzing its findings by helical CT multiphase scanning. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the plain scanning and dynamic enhanced scanning helical CT findings was conducted in 20 pathologically verified FNH cases. RESULTS: On plain CT scans, the FNH lesions appeared as heterogeneous or homogeneous hypodense areas. In the arterial phase, all lesions were vigorously and homogeneously enhanced except for the central scar and lesions in 1 case. In 6 cases, tortuous and dilated arteries were seen in the center or peripheral of the lesion in 16-slice spiral CT. In the portal venous phase and delayed phase, the lesions were slightly hyperdense, isodense or slightly hypodense. Central scar was found in 13 cases, which showed late enhancement. Atypical findings included multinodular FNH in 2 cases, pseudocapsular enhancement in 2 cases, calcification in 1 case, and necrosis in 1 case. CONCLUSION: Multiphase helical CT scanning can fully display the pathological and blood supply characteristics of FNH and improve the differentiation of FNH from other malignant hypervascular tumors.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

When should we order a CT scan and when should we rely on the results to diagnose an acute appendicitis?

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to retrospectively analyze the last 100 consecutive emergency appendectomies performed in the authors' institution, which is a community-based teaching hospital, and look at the accuracy of the CT scan in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. SETTING: A 600-bed community-based teaching hospital. METHODS: The last 100 consecutive emergency appendectomies, which were performed at New York Methodist Hospital in 2004, were retrospectively analyzed. The collected data included the demographics of the patients, relevant history, physical examination, laboratory and radiological tests, and pathology results. The statistical analyses were performed using the JMP version 3.2 software (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina). An alpha value of 0.05 was used in all statistical analyses, and p values were considered as being statistically significant at or below the alpha value of 0.05. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant correlation between the acute appendicitis and some of the typical presenting symptoms and signs of acute appendicitis (rebound tenderness, low-grade fever, elevated white blood cell count, and anorexia). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the CT scan in this retrospective analysis were 96%, 75%, 98.5%, and 50%, respectively, with an overall efficiency of 95%. However, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the CT scan increased after reevaluation of the false-positive, false-negative, and inconclusive CT results by an experienced radiologist in a blind fashion (97%, 100%, 100%, and 71%, respectively). The correlation between the CT scan and the pathology result was statistically significant when the CT result was positive or negative (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The CT scan is indicated when the clinical presentation is equivocal, and it will be helpful if the result is positive or interpreted as negative only by an experienced radiology attending.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pulmonary function abnormalities in patients with CT-determined emphysema.

The CT quantification of both the extent and severity of emphysema was undertaken in 30 subjects. The CT scans at five preselected anatomic levels were analyzed using two methods. Correlation of the results of the CT methods were with pulmonary function results of airway obstruction and alveolar diffusion for carbon monoxide. Analysis by direct observation of the CT scans gave insignificantly different results for a complex grid method of analysis. The emphysema score with the observational method had a positive correlation with airflow obstruction (r = -0.817) as did the score with the grid method (r = -0.873). The diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide also correlated with both emphysema scores. The CT methods for quantifying emphysema correlate closely with functional abnormalities. As previously demonstrated with pathological assessment of lung slices for emphysema, direct observation of CT scans is as precise as a more complex grid method.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

99Tcm-HMPAO brain SPET in patients with pseudotumour cerebri.

The aim of this study was to look for regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) abnormalities in patients with a recent diagnosis of pseudotumour cerebri (PTC) and to compare 99Tcm-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (99Tcm-HMPAO) cerebral single photon emission tomographic (SPET) findings with those of X-ray computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Seventeen consecutive patients aged 14-50 years (mean = 29 years) without previous drug treatment for PTC underwent 99Tcm-HMPAO SPET, cranial CT and MRI studies. No patient had evidence of intracranial mass lesions on the CT or MRI scans. Qualitative analysis of the 99Tcm-HMPAO SPET studies revealed impaired rCBF in nine (53%) patients. The CT and MRI studies revealed an empty sella in two patients, dural sinus thrombosis in one and a slit ventricle in another. Eight of the 13 patients with normal CT and MRI results had rCBF abnormalities. In contrast, three patients with CT and MRI abnormalities had a normal 99Tcm-HMPAO scan. Our results suggest that patients with PTC have functional abnormalities that are revealed by 99Tcm-HMPAO brain SPET.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computed tomography evaluation of shoulder prosthesis retroversion.

Computed tomography (CT) allows calculation of anatomic and prosthetic humeral head retroversion. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate how the retroversion angle measured by CT scan varied with changes in arm position in the CT scan reference system. A trigonometric analysis shows that the measured retroversion angle decreases when the arm is in extension and increases when it is in flexion, compared with the true retroversion angle determined perioperatively. For the same degree of flexion, or extension, the error of measurement is greater when the initial true retroversion is low. A shoulder prosthesis with 20 degrees of true head retroversion was radiologically scanned with different degrees of flexion, extension, and abduction. The results validate the theoretical analysis. Trigonometric formulas are proposed to correct the retroversion angle measured by CT scan.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1990

Primary CNS lymphoma in AIDS. A clinical and pathological case report.

A case is reported of a primary central nervous system lymphoma in a heterosexual patient affected by acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Because of the rarity and the aggressive diagnostic procedures, pre-mortem diagnosis is seldom established. This radiosensitive tumor, however, often contains monoclonal immunoglobulin productive cells and shows, at CT-scan, a multicentric arrangement. On this basis, a careful analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid and CT-scan may offer a possible mean of earlier diagnosis and improve the survival of these patients.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1997

[Reliability of CT for determining lymphatic involvement in patients with prostate cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the utility of CT in assessment of lymph node metastasis in patients with prostatic cancer. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of 131 patients with prostatic cancer and a negative bone scan, in whom CT was utilized to assess lymph node metastasis. The mean age was 67.7 +/- 7.1 years. Lymphadenectomy of both obturator chains was performed in 85 patients (65%); by surgery in 65 patients (76%) and laparoscopy in 20 (24%). RESULTS: 6% had a positive CT scan. In the univariate analysis only PSA (p = 0.04) was shown to be a predictive factor for a positive CT. The maximum yield of CT was at cut-off 30 ng/ml PSA; patients with lower values had a negative predictive value of 98%. When lymphadenectomy was performed, 14% of the patients with a negative CT presented lymph node invasion, for a sensitivity of 8%, specificity of 100% and diagnostic accuracy of 86%. CONCLUSION: Due to the scanty prevalence of positive CT scans and its low sensitivity, this imaging technique may be obviated in patients undergoing radical treatment with PSA < or = 30 ng/ml.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Early-onset Alzheimer's disease: an analysis of CT findings.

Brain computed tomographic scans of 60 patients with early-onset Alzheimer's disease (mean age, 60.7 years) were compared with those of age- and sex-matched control subjects. Computed tomographic analysis included standard ventricular measurements as well as subjective ratings of ventricular and sulcal size. These indices were correlated with the results of a battery of neuropsychological tests and electroencephalographic findings. Linear measurements of ventricular size were significantly greater in the patients with Alzheimer's disease than in the age-matched control group (p less than 0.0005). Using subjective appraisal of ventricular and sulcal size, the neuroradiologist noted abnormalities significantly more often in patients than in controls (p less than 0.0005). Linear measurements of ventricular size correlated significantly (p less than 0.05) with the severity of aphasia and dementia and the presence of electroencephalographic abnormalities. There was, however, no correlation between the subjective judgment of cortical atrophy and the degree of impairment as measured by neuropsychological tests. The findings in this study demonstrate the usefulness of computed tomographic imaging in Alzheimer's disease of early onset.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2002

Asymmetric ARDS following pulmonary resection: CT findings initial observations.

PURPOSE: To investigate whether asymmetric distribution of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) following lobectomy is due to compensatory hyperexpansion of the residual lung within the hemithorax operated on and to discern if this distribution reflects true asymmetry of the disease process. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of the intensive care unit database was performed over a period of 6 years to identify all cases of lung injury following lung surgery that satisfied the American-European consensus criteria for ARDS. Time to onset following surgery, time of subsequent computed tomographic (CT) examination, patient age and sex, and nature of surgery were recorded, as well as eventual patient status (ie, death or discharge). Availability of both preoperative and postoperative CT scans was required for inclusion for further analysis. These images were analyzed on a commercial CT workstation for the volume of lung resected and the pre- and postoperative volume and density of each lung. Expected postoperative densities (preoperative density adjusted for volume) were compared with observed postoperative densities. RESULTS: Review disclosed 583 patients who underwent lobectomy or segmentectomy. Seventeen patients (2.9%) developed postoperative ARDS. Nine of these patients had pre- and postoperative CT scans available for analysis. In eight of nine cases, density increased more in the nonoperated lung than in the operated lung (P =.01). The degree of density increase in the nonoperated lung was significantly greater (305 mg/mL; range, 48-449 mg/mL) than that in the operated lung (13 mg/mL; range, -198 to 231 mg/mL; P <.001). CONCLUSION: Following lobectomy, there appears to be a truly asymmetric form of ARDS rather than compensatory hyperexpansion of the residual lung on the operated side.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The use of computed tomography to define zygomatic complex position.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the use of midline references and landmarks to assess the position of the zygomatic complex relative to the cranial base, and to test the reliability of these measurements in assessing facial symmetry. METHODS: Direct skull measurements were compared with measurements made on computed tomography (CT) images. The effect of CT scanner error, technologist error, gantry angle error, error of skull inclination, and error due to the presence of titanium rigid fixation hardware were assessed. To test observer variation and the effect of each level of error, 4 blinded bilateral measurements were repeated 3 times by 5 observers on both dry skull and CT scans. A mixed effect analysis of variance model then assessed for effect of method of measurement (dry skull vs CT), observer, CT scanner, technologist, gantry angle, skull inclination, and rigid fixation. RESULTS: A total of 2,040 measurements were made. Measurements for zygomatic complex posterior and anterior width and height were reliable and had an interobserver variations of 0.02 +/- 0.03 mm, 0.5 +/- 0.4 mm, and 0.37 +/- 0.3 mm, respectively. The difference between dry skull and CT assessment for the 3 reliable measurements was 1.2 +/- 0.3 mm, 0.44 +/- 0.4 mm, and 1.1 +/- 0.5 mm, respectively. The errors produced by the CT scanner, technologist, and rigid internal fixation hardware were not clinically significant. The measurements were not sensitive to gantry angle and skull inclination changes of 10 degrees or less. A fourth measurement assessing zygomatic complex projection was found not to be accurate or reliable. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the 3 CT scan measurements describing the position of the zygomatic complex relative to the cranial base are clinically useful.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed2002

Analysis of the capital femoral line orientation. A CT scan study.

An accurate knowledge of the relationship between the neck and the epiphyseal plate at the end of growth is important for biomechanical investigations of femoral neck remodelling during childhood. Statistical data about the position of the epiphyseal femoral cartilage in relation to the neck axis at the end of the growth, are rare in the literature. As the trace of the epiphysis can be observed on a CT scan view of an adult hip, cadaver femurs were investigated to study this relationship and to avoid irradiation of children. The mean anteversion angle of the epiphyseal line towards the patient's coronal plane is 2.3 degrees. The plate is retroverted in an average of 8.2 degrees in relation to the neck axis and is related to neck anteversion. The more the neck is anteverted, the more the plate is retroverted.

Femur↗
PubMed1987

Quantitative analysis of inner ear anomalies by high resolution CT scanning of the temporal bone.

High resolution CT-scanning of the temporal bone revealed malformations of the labyrinthine capsule in 50 ears in our clinic from November 1980, to the end of 1984. Detailed assessment of the nature and extent of the abnormality allowed each ear to be awarded a mathematical score. Using statistical methods, the score was then correlated with the patient's hearing in that ear. By this method it was possible, with an 80% chance of being correct, to allocate a patient into one of two groups, i.e. partial deafness or total deafness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis: correlation of ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy, chest radiography, and CT with pulmonary function tests.

PURPOSE: To determine the findings on ventilation-perfusion (V-P) scintigrams, computed tomographic (CT) scans, and chest radiographs and correlate them with pulmonary function test results in patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: V-P scintigraphy, chest radiography, conventional and thin-section CT, and pulmonary function tests were performed in 39 patients. The images were graded on a scale of 0 (normal) to 3 (severely abnormal). RESULTS: Imaging abnormalities were found on 92% of ventilation scintigrams, 92% of perfusion scintigrams, 79% of chest radiographs, 100% of CT scans, and 100% of thin-section CT scans. On ventilation scintigrams, 28 (72%) patients demonstrated a speckling pattern. On CT scans, all patients had pulmonary cysts. Univariate analysis showed that extent of disease on chest radiographs and CT scans, cyst size, V-P abnormalities, and degree of speckling were inversely correlated with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)), diffusing capacity of lung for carbon monoxide, and the ratio of FEV(1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) (P <.01) but not with FVC and total lung capacity. Larger cyst size correlated with extent of disease at CT, but not significantly (P =.056). CONCLUSION: Scintigraphic and radiologic abnormalities are seen in a majority of patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis. On ventilation scintigrams, a frequently seen speckling pattern may be related to accumulation of radionuclide in pulmonary cysts-a hallmark of the disease at CT. Findings with each imaging modality correlate with certain pulmonary functions.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Histopathologic observation and 3DCT reconstruction of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in children with cleft palates].

The morphologic characteristics of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in children with cleft palate were studied by means of histopathology, CT scan, computer-aided image analysis and three-dimensional CT (3DCT) reconstruction. Our results suggested (1) incompetent velopharynx is the main reason for high incidence of sinusitis in children with cleft palate; (2) computer-aided image analysis, together with 3DCT reconstruction, may calculate and demonstrate the volume and shape of the paranasal sinuses. We believe this method may be useful in the future to study the development of the paranasal sinuses in children. 3DCT reconstruction provides a better understanding of the size and invasion of the lesion located in nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. This method may be used as an aid to teaching and surgical planning.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of CT scanning with photon absorptiometric measurement of bone mineral content in the appendicular skeleton.

Traditional methods of bone mineral analysis were compared to a new technique using computerized tomography (or CT scanning). The correlation between the CT values for long bones in the dog and actual calcium content was 0.9942. The correlation between two photon absorptiometric techniques and CT values were also 0.9981 and 0.9962. The precision of repeated scans was +/-2%. It is suggested that the CT scanner will allow bone mineral analysis to be performed with accuracy and precision.

Animals↗