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Results for “COMMUNICABLE DISEASES”

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PubMed1981

Trisomy after pregestational contact with communicable disease.

Six hundred nineteen mothers who had had household contact with rubella, infectious hepatitis, measles, mumps or varicella at a known time before or after their last menstrual periods were identified in a study in West Jerusalem, Israel. The mother's subsequently-born babies included four with Down's syndrome and one with trisomy 18. The mothers of these five children had been exposed to a communicable disease during the five months preceding pregnancy. The possibility that maternal pregestational contact with communicable disease might have contributed to autosomal trisomy in the official offspring is considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A computer network for the surveillance of communicable diseases: the French experiment.

The description and first results of the French Communicable diseases Network are reported. The network, initiated in November 1984, currently includes the National Department of Health, the local health offices and various clinical, biological, and epidemiological partners. Surveillance of influenza, viral hepatitis, acute urethritis, measles, and mumps is based upon reports from sentinel general practitioners throughout France who are equipped with terminals and can communicate their data on a 24-hour basis. The network distributes electronic bulletins summarizing the surveillance data, the regional statistics concerning other diseases, and epidemiological and administrative news. Electronic mail is used for data validation and enhances communication between the parties of the network.

Communicable Diseases↗
PubMed2001

Non-communicable disease mortality rates using the verbal autopsy in a cohort of middle aged and older populations in Beirut during wartime, 1983-93.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Health priorities in middle to low income countries, such as Lebanon, have traditionally been assumed to follow those of a "typical" developing country, with a focus on the young and on communicable diseases. This study was carried out to quantify the magnitude of communicable and non-communicable disease mortality and to examine mortality pattern among middle aged and older populations in an urban setting in Lebanon. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: A representative cohort of 1567 men and women (>/=50 years) who had participated in a cross sectional multi-dimensional health survey in Beirut, Lebanon in 1983 and were followed up 10 years later. Vital status was ascertained and causes of death were obtained through verbal autopsy. RESULTS: Total mortality rates were estimated at 33.7 and 25.2/1000 person years among men and women respectively. In both sexes, the leading causes of death were non-communicable, mainly circulatory diseases (60%) and cancer (15%). For all cause mortality, men had significantly higher risk than women (age adjusted rate ratio, RR=1.42, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.16, 1.72) especially at younger ages. Except for cerebrovascular diseases, renal problems and injuries attributable to falls and fractures, men were also at higher cause specific mortality risk than women, in particular, for ischaemic heart disease (RR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.62, 3.12). Comparison with earlier death certificate data in Lebanon and current estimates from other regions in the world showed the magnitude of cardiovascular disease over time. CONCLUSIONS: The results from this first cohort study in the Arab region show, in contrast with popular perception, a mortality pattern more like a developed country than a developing one. Strategies of public health activities, in particular for countries in transition, need to be continuously re-assessed in light of empirical epidemiological data and other health indicators for evidence-based decision making.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1999

Tackling the emerging pandemic of non-communicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: the essential NCD health intervention project.

There is evidence that the prevalence of certain non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes and hypertension, is increasing rapidly in parts of sub-Saharan Africa. Others, such as asthma and epilepsy, are known to be common but to be poorly managed. This paper describes a project, funded by the Department for International Development of the British Government, which aims to provide costed and evaluated treatment packages for use at primary health care level, methods and materials for evaluating the quality of non-communicable disease care, and a protocol for the assessment for national opportunities for the prevention of hypertension, heart disease and diabetes. Methods are being developed and piloted in urban and rural Tanzania and Cameroon.

Asthma↗
PubMed2006

Introducing a model for communicable diseases surveillance: cell phone surveillance (CPS).

BACKGROUND AND GOAL: Surveillance systems for communicable diseases are primarily passive in most countries, including Iran. Laboratory-based surveillance and use of cell phone surveillance may be a useful method. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We established a new model for gathering data directly from district laboratories to regional laboratories and from them to national manager of public health laboratories by using cell phone. We assessed the coverage of Mobile and Cell phone in the laboratory Technicians, and Directors of Public Health in 27 universities in Iran by a simple data collection form to evaluate the feasibility of this method. And then this method was piloted for the last Cholera outbreak in Iran in 2005. RESULT: From data of 27 universities with 184 cities, we gathered 769 data health directors' mobile, total mobile penetrating rate, SMS users, and SMS penetrating rate was 57.9%, 77.1%, and 44.6% between Directors in Medical Universities of Iran and 54.5%, 54.9% and 29.9% in Directors of Laboratory. In the Cholera epidemic in Iran in summer 2005, CDC of MOH registered near 900 cases of cholera from 70000 rectal soap's exam in whole of country. The median reporting interval was under one day. CONCLUSION: Although the advent of the cell phone will probably change the way in which surveillance is delivered by health system, further studies are warranted to evaluate this method for laboratory based surveillance of lethal infections.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed2006

Gender, equity: new approaches for effective management of communicable diseases.

This editorial article examines what is meant by sex, gender and equity and argues that these are critical concepts to address in the effective management of communicable disease. Drawing on examples from the three major diseases of poverty (HIV, tuberculosis [TB] and malaria), the article explores how, for women and men, gender and poverty can lead to differences in vulnerability to illness; access to quality preventive and curative measures; and experience of the impact of ill health. This exploration sets the context for the three companion papers which outline how gender and poverty shape responses to the three key diseases of poverty in different geographical settings: HIV/AIDS in Kenya; TB in India; and malaria in Ghana.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1992

The surveillance of communicable disease in the European Community.

This article summarises the existing international structures in Europe which collate data produced by surveillance systems in individual countries. The surveillance of influenza, tuberculosis, and other infections in Europe is undertaken by the World Health Organisation (WHO), the European Community (EC), and national and international organisations set up to study specific diseases. The surveillance of foodborne infections, rabies, travel-associated legionellosis and AIDS/HIV is undertaken by WHO collaborating centres or WHO/EC programmes. Research into immunisation and sexually transmitted diseases other than HIV is carried out through EC concerted action programmes. The Maastricht treaty, if ratified, may lead to changes in the way communicable disease surveillance is undertaken in the EC.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMed1978

[Role of epidemiological models in surveillance of communicable diseases (author's transl)].

The interpretation of basic information obtained through surveillance of communicable diseases requires knowledge of the expected trend of the epidemiological phenomena under observation. The more precise the epidemiological forecasts are, the more efficient the methods of surveillance will be. With a few examples the author describes briefly the role of epidemiological models to produce reliable previsions, the principles ruling their construction, their use on computer to simulate known epidemiological situations as well as the impact of interventions on the disease dynamics. Mention is also made of the model contribution to the cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analyses of control programmes subjected to epidemiological surveillance.

Communicable Disease Control↗