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PubMed1996

Isolation and characterization of Locusta migratoria accessory gland myotropin I (Lom-Ag-MT-I) from the brain of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata.

A novel myotropic Colorado potato beetle peptide, active in the Locusta oviduct motility assay, was isolated from a methanolic extract of 9,000 brain complexes of adult Leptinotarsa decemlineata by means of HPLC. Its sequence is Gly-Phe-Lys-Asn-Val-Ala-Leu-Ser-Thr-Ala-Arg-Gly-Phe-NH2. This peptide is identical to Lom-AG-MT-I, a myotropin previously isolated from the male accessory glands of Locusta migratoria, using the L. migratoria oviduct motility bioassay as a monitoring system. It strongly stimulated the frequency, amplitude, and tonus of the myogenic oviduct contractions, even at low concentrations.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

The factor structure of the Colorado Level of Functioning Measure.

The Colorado Level of Functioning Measure (LOF) is a widely used instrument in public mental health centers that assesses client functioning. The present paper presents the results of an investigation of the instrument's factor structure, with data from 809 patients in a community mental health center. The results suggest that the LOF is comprised of three factors--Basic Life Functioning, Psychological Functioning, and Anti-Social Behavior. These factors accounted for 60% of the variance. Implications for the use of the scale are discussed.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1990

Reaching the difficult audience: an experiment to provide occupational health services to farmers and ranchers in Colorado, U.S.A.

From its inception in the late 1970s, the W.K. Kellogg Foundation funded Workplace Health in Agriculture Program at Colorado State University underwent numerous evolutions as the needs of the agricultural community were identified. Direct health and safety consultation with agribusiness met with limited success due to the cost of providing services over a wide geographic area and a general unwillingness within this group of employers to involve themselves with "OSHA"-type regulations. Therefore, the program changed from promotion of, and providing health and safety consultation upon request, to education of specific target groups within the agricultural community supplemented by consultation services when needs were identified. Target groups for educational services included rural health care providers, vocational-agriculture students and teachers, farm/ranch clubs and groups (with special emphasis on farm wives groups), and rural emergency services. These groups became the promoters of health and safety within the agriculture community, which resulted in a direct, positive impact on requests for, and interest in health and safety services provided by the program.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2002

Rib lesions in a prehistoric Puebloan sample from southwestern Colorado.

An unusually high frequency of periosteal lesions of visceral rib surfaces was observed in a small, prehistoric skeletal series from southwestern Colorado. Lesions of this type have been concordant with pulmonary tuberculosis in three studies of human skeletal collections with known cause of death, and in a recent clinical investigation of rib dimensions in living patients with lung disorders. Diseases such as pneumonia and actinomycosis have also been found to cause these lesions, but in much lower frequencies. Archaeological evidence suggests that Puebloan farmers of Sleeping Ute Mountain's southern piedmont, from which the sample is drawn, endured unusually harsh environmental conditions punctuated by severe drought and exacerbated by escalating warfare. It is argued here that these environmental stressors increased susceptibility to an opportunistic respiratory infection reminiscent of tuberculosis, and possibly also some form of pneumonia, resulting in high rates of active disease previously noted only in historic Puebloan peoples.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Applications of the Colorado Visible Human Project in gastroenterology.

Several applications of the University of Colorado Visible Human project have recently been developed in clinical gastroenterology, including a textbook of endoscopic ultrasound anatomy, an internet-based journal, articles on internet web-sites, and simulators. Details surrounding some of these projects are described.

Colorado↗
PubMed2005

The Sociological Department at the Colorado Fuel and Iron Company, 1901 to 1907: scientific paternalism and industrial control.

The Colorado Fuel and Iron Company's Sociological Department represented an industrial welfare plan based on an early understanding of applied sociology. The Department was created as a response to the demands of integrating coal and coke production with steel manufacturing, and the necessity of combating strikes among the immigrant workers. The "settlement house model" used by the Sociological Department was intended to foster labor stability by transforming the lifestyles and habits of the immigrant workers and their families. It is concluded that the industrial welfare programs that were intended to inspire loyalty to the company merely added to the workers' grievances with the company.

Colorado↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of prostatic cancer histology and grade distribution: experience with the Colorado Central Cancer Registry.

Although well-defined grading schemes for prostatic adenocarcinoma have been developed, they are not yet universally accepted by practicing surgical pathologists. The complexity of these schemes often leads surgical pathologists to develop their own modified Broders scheme. This study compared the grade distribution as obtained by a community of surgical pathologists with that obtained using the National Prostatic Cancer Project (NPCP) and Gleason grading schemes. In 1978, 308 cases of prostate cancer were reported to the Colorado Central Cancer Registry (CCCR) from the Denver Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. Two hundred eighteen of these cases were regraded. The grade distribution as reported by the CCCR revealed a predominance of low-grade tumors (grade I-41%, grade II-28%, grade III-17%, grade IV-3%). Regrading of these same cases revealed a shift to higher grades (NPCP: grade I-14%, grade II-11%, grade III-37%, grade IV-29%; Gleason: pattern scores less than 6-30%, score 6-24%, score 7-12%, score 8-11%, score 9-10%, score 10-4%). Twenty-one cases of histologic variants which were not originally diagnosed were also noted (six mucinous, 12 ductal, two endometroioid, one squamous). There were 18 cases in which no evidence of carcinoma was confirmed. These results suggest that there is a tendency to underestimate grade and potentially malignant behavior when well-defined prostatic cancer grading schemes are not applied.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2001

Using the Colorado birth defects monitoring program to connect families with services for children with special needs.

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: The Community Notification and Referral Program (CNRP), which operates from within the state's birth defects monitoring and prevention program, links children and their families with local public health and early childhood agencies, which then inform families of services and resources in their home communities. In Colorado, many communities have developed systems for identifying, screening, evaluating, and providing services to children with developmental delays or other special needs. CNRP uses the existing infrastructure of services for children with special needs by notifying local community programs of children reported to the birth defects program with birth defects, developmental disabilities, or risks for developmental delay. Children to be referred to local agencies are identified from the birth defects registry on the basis of diagnosis and residence. Minor or lethal conditions are excluded from referral. CNRP provides the child's name, date of birth, address, phone, guardian, diagnoses, date and source of diagnosis, and length of stay to the local agency. A parental consent process is used under some circumstances. RESULTS: CRCSN analyzed data from 1621 children referred to local agencies in 1998. The local agencies contacted 34.1% of the families and referred 46.9%. of those contacted to early intervention, developmental, evaluation, or other services. They determined that 29.5% could definitely or moderately benefit from developmental services. In a telephone survey of families, 65.4% said they had learned about services, resources, or developmental screening about which they had not been aware. CONCLUSION: CRCSN has developed a notification and referral program to link families with services for children with special needs that could serve as a model for other birth defects registries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Knowledge, use, and education regarding folic acid supplementation: continuation study of women in Colorado who had a pregnancy affected by a neural tube defect.

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to: (1) determine whether women who have had a neural tube defect (NTD) affected pregnancy know about recommendations for NTD recurrence prevention; (2) educate them about the recommendations; and (3) ensure that they have access to folic acid prior to another pregnancy. METHODS: Colorado women who had an NTD affected pregnancy in 1999 or later were interviewed about their knowledge and use of folic acid, provided with verbal information about folic acid and NTD prevention, and offered written information and a voucher for free folic acid. RESULTS: Thirty-two of 68 women who had an NTD affected pregnancy were interviewed. Of these, 22 (69%) were aware of the 0.4 mg. folic acid recommendation for women of child bearing age who have not had an NTD affected pregnancy (MMWR, '91). Only 15 (47%) of the women knew about the U.S. Public Health Service recommendation (MMWR, '92) to consume 4.0 mg of folic acid prior to another pregnancy for NTD recurrence prevention. Twenty-five (78%) of the women reported taking a multivitamin or folic acid daily. CONCLUSIONS: Nine years after national folic acid recommendations, a majority of interviewed women (53%) with NTD affected pregnancies did not know about the recommendation to consume 4.0 mg of folic acid for NTD recurrence prevention. This sample of women are receptive to information about folic acid. Health care providers and public health officials should ensure that education about folic acid is provided in an effective and timely manner to women with NTD-affected pregnancies.

Colorado↗
PubMed2000

Sequence determination and analysis of the full-length genome of colorado tick fever virus, the type species of genus Coltivirus (Family Reoviridae).

The Colorado tick fever virus (CTFV) is the type species of genus Coltivirus, family Reoviridae. Its genome consisting of 12 segments of dsRNA was completely sequenced. It was found to be 29,174 nucleotides long (the longest of all Reoviridae genomes characterized to date). Conserved sequences at the 5' end (SACUUUUGY) and at the 3' end (WUGCAGUS) of the 12 segments were identified. The analysis of the putative proteins deduced from the nucleotide sequences permitted to identify functional motifs. In particular, the VP1 was identified unambiguously as the viral RNA dependent RNA pylmerase (RDRP) (VP1pol), with a GDD located at a similar position to Reoviridae RDRPs. In other genes, RGD cell-binding, NTPAse, single strand binding protein and kinase motifs were identified. Comparison with Reoviridae proteins showed significant similarities to RDRPs (CTFV-VP1) and sigma C protein of orthoreovirus (CTFV-VP6). Similarities to nonviral enzymatic proteins, such as methyltransferases, NTPAses, RNA replication factors, were also identified.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Relative sensitivity of three endangered fishes, Colorado squawfish, bonytail, and razorback sucker, to selected metal pollutants.

The acute toxicity of four metal pollutants to larval and juvenile stages of endangered Colorado squawfish (Ptychocheilus lucius), bonytail (Gila elegans), and razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) were determined in a water quality representative of that in the Green River, Utah. The rank order of toxicity (96-hr LC50) of the metals to all species and life stages from most toxic to least toxic was mercury (57-168 micrograms/liter) > cadmium (78-168 micrograms/liter) > hexavalent chromium (32,000-123,000 micrograms/liter) > lead (> 170,000 micrograms/liter). In tests with lead, a precipitate formed in all test solutions and no mortalities occurred in these treatments. The larvae of each species were as sensitive or more sensitive than the juveniles to cadmium, hexavalent chromium, and mercury. Overall, the three species exhibited similar sensitivities to cadmium, hexavalent chromium, and mercury. Comparison of test results for the juveniles with toxicity values reported for other freshwater fishes tested in different water qualities indicates that the endangered fishes are more sensitive to cadmium than other cyprinids and centrarchids and less sensitive than salmonids, whereas their sensitivity to hexavalent chromium and mercury is similar to that of other cyprinids, centrarchids, and salmonids.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Pesticide illness, farm practices, and neurological symptoms among farm residents in Colorado.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between pesticides and neurological symptoms among a population exposed to organophosphate chemicals as a result of agricultural use. Chronic sequelae of acute pesticide poisoning from organophosphate compounds include a variety of neurological symptoms including restlessness, irritability, and trouble sleeping. Individuals who have had an acute pesticide poisoning have been reported to suffer a wide range of neurological symptoms that occur from weeks to months after the initial episode. Data for this study came from a cross-sectional survey of farmers and their spouses conducted in an eight-county area in north-eastern Colorado. Neurological characteristics were assessed to determine their relationship with previously reported pesticide-related illnesses. Symptoms that were significantly associated with a previous poisoning were difficulty concentrating [OR 2.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22, 3.50]; relatives noticing person had trouble remembering things (OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.47, 4.39); making notes to remember things (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.20, 3.97); finding it hard to understand the meaning of newspapers, magazines, and books (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.01, 3.60); felt irritable (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.08, 3.12); felt depressed (OR 2.82, 95% CI 1.65, 4.81); had heart palpitations without exertion (OR 2.83, 95% CI 1.22, 6.54); sleeping more than usual (OR 3.58, 95% CI 1.95, 6.58); difficulty moving fingers or grasping things (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.06, 3.24); and headaches at least once a week (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.06, 3.24). Stepwise regression was used to identify the best explanatory model of pesticide-related illness. Variables that were associated with increased odds of illness were being male, being depressed, sleeping too much, and using crop organophosphates.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Bioavailability of lead to juvenile swine dosed with soil from the Smuggler Mountain NPL Site of Aspen, Colorado.

Bioavailability of lead (Pb) has become an issue in quantifying exposure of sensitive populations and, where necessary, establishing cleanup levels for contaminated soil. Immature swine were used as a model for young children to estimate the degree to which Pb from two fully characterized composite samples from the Smuggler Mountain Superfund Site in Aspen, Colorado may be bioavailable to resident children. The composite soils contained 14,200 and 3870 micrograms Pb/g of soil. Relative and absolute enteric bioavailabilities of Pb in soil (oral dose groups of 75,225, and 675 micrograms Pb/kg body wt/day) were estimated by comparison with an orally administered soluble Pb salt (lead acetate = PbAc2.3H2O) (dose groups of 0, 75, and 225 micrograms Pb/kg body wt/day) and an intravenously administered aqueous solution of Pb (100 micrograms Pb/kg/ day) from the same trihydrate salt administered daily for 15 days to 50 juvenile swine. The biological responses (area under the blood Pb concentration-time curve, and the terminal liver-, kidney-, and bone-lead concentrations) produced by Pb from PbAc2.3H2O and lead-contaminated soils were determined. This study revealed Pb from soil containing 14,200 micrograms Pb/g of soil had a bioavailability relative to Pb from PbAc (RBA), ranging from 56% based on the area under the blood lead concentration-time curve (AUC) versus dose, to 86% based on calculations from liver-Pb loading versus dose. Similarly, Pb from soil containing 3870 micrograms Pb/g of soil had an RBA ranging from 58% based on the AUC versus dose, to 74% based on calculations from liver- and kidney-Pb loading versus dose. Bioavailability of Pb in soils may be more or less than EPA's default RBA of 60%, therefore, measuring site-specific RBAs provides a basis for improved exposure and risk assessment.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The relative sensitivity of competing hydropsychid species to fluoride toxicity in the Cache la Poudre River (Colorado).

The influence of increased fluoride concentrations generated by a wastewater treatment plant on the spatial distribution and abundance of benthic larvae of Hydropsychidae (Insecta, Trichoptera) species in the Cache la Poudre River (Colorado) was examined. Acute lethal concentrations of fluoride ion (F-) to these species were determined in soft water (average value of hardness 40.2 mg CaCO3/L) by static toxicity bioassays. The wastewater treatment plant caused a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in the fluoride concentration at three downstream sampling sites (mean values 1.17, 0.84, and 0.56 mg F-/L at 0.1, 1.6, and 9.2 km downstream sites, respectively) compared with the upstream reference station (0.31 mg F-/L). The 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144-h LC50s (mg F-/L) were 52.6, 25.8, 17.0, 13.4, and 11.5 for Hydropsyche bronta Ross, 102.0, 53.5, 34.7, 27.0, and 21.4 for Hydropsyche occidentalis Banks, and 128.0, 73.2, 42.5, 31.9, and 24.2 for Cheumatopsyche pettiti (Banks). LC50 values for H. bronta were significantly (P less than 0.05) lower than LC50 values for the other two test species. Abundance and biomass of all hydropsychid species were significantly (P less than 0.05) lower at the 0.1 km downstream site than at the upstream reference site. H. occidentalis was usually the most abundant species at the reference and 9.2 km downstream stations, with highest abundances at the 9.2 km downstream site. C. pettiti was dominant at 0.1 and 1.6 km downstream sites, showing higher abundances at the 1.6 km downstream site than at the upstream reference site. H. bronta was never collected at 0.1 and 1.6 km downstream sites, but was abundant at the upstream reference site.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Planning a continuum of residential/service settings for the chronically mentally ill: the Colorado experience.

Thinking regarding the needs of the chronically mentally ill has changed substantially in the post-deinstitutionalization period. Increasingly, the heterogeneity existing within this population has been recognized along with the need for an integrated continuum of residences and services. At a state level, this realization has stimulated the development of planning models which are used to predict the number and types of residential/service slots needed by the chronically mentally ill. In Colorado, a model was developed which uses data-based client profiles to predict needs along a continuum of services ranging from inpatient treatment to independent living with mental health support. In this paper, we discuss the development of the model and present the results of implementing it for a sample of 5,017 chronically mentally ill clients. The practical and heuristic value of the model is featured as well as its implications for further research.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1989

Quantitative genetic analysis of longitudinal trends in adoption designs with application to IQ in the Colorado Adoption Project.

A factor model is presented that provides for either multivariate or developmental specification of longitudinal genetic and environmental effects in the presence of assortative mating and cultural transmission. Delta path methods are employed for the treatment of assortative mating and selective placement effects. The proportions of genetic and environmental variance and covariance attributable to assortative mating and cultural transmission are modeled explicitly. The model was applied to cognitive ability data on 493 families in the Colorado Adoption Project by means of maximum-likelihood pedigree analysis. A test of the assumption of multivariate normality of error provided an additional model criterion beyond the log-likelihood ratio statistic. No significant effects were found for cultural transmission, genetic-environmental covariance, or selective placement. The results suggest that the phenotypic stability of IQ during early childhood is largely, if not entirely, genetic in origin and that these longitudinal genetic effects can be represented most parsimoniously in the form of developmental transmission.

Adoption↗
PubMed1992

Using EQS for a simple analysis of the Colorado Adoption Project data on height and intelligence.

Simple models in the general spirit of Coon et al. (1990) are fit to the Colorado Adoption Project height and intelligence data as the second step in a two-step process. In the first step, over-time data on height and IQ are reduced to level and slope parameters. In the second, these are incorporated in path models along with parental data and fitted using EQS in a multiple-group design. Some comparisons are made between EQS and LISREL for this kind of modeling.

Adoption↗