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PubMed2002

Clothing interest among Chinese adolescent girls in Hong, Kong in relation to socioeconomic status.

A sample of 358 girls in senior secondary school completed the measures assessing importance of clothing and socioeconomic status. A principal component analysis indicated a 3-factor solution that explained 51.3% of the total variance in scores on the Creekmore Importance of Clothing Questionnaire. The factors were named Self-enhancement. Experimentation, and Conformity. A series of one-way analyses of variance showed that higher socioeconomic status might account for greater experimentation with clothing.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Heat stress and protective clothing: an emerging approach from the United States.

There is little doubt that heat stress affects many workers adversely and that protective clothing generally adds to the burden. The ACGIH threshold limit value for heat stress is the guiding document for evaluation of heat stress in the United States. Adjustment factors have been used to reflect the change in heat stress imposed by different clothing ensembles. While the first proposed factors started with limited experimental data and professional judgment, heat balance methods in the laboratory have yielded better estimates of adjustment factors and for a wider selection of ensembles. These same experiments have provided the starting point to accounting for nonporous clothing in heat balance evaluation schemes such as required sweat rate. Proposed changes to the ACGIH TLV have been mentioned and a framework for thinking about controls presented.

Body Temperature Regulation↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Using protective clothing.

The use of protective clothing is an essential element of infection prevention and control. Many items of protective clothing are incorporated within the concept of universal precautions--the precautions necessary to reduce exposure to blood or body fluids (Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 1987). Protective clothing is also used to prevent the transmission of micro-organisms other than blood-borne viruses--for example, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Cross Infection↗

PubMed2003

Atypical and unusual clinical manifestations of contact dermatitis to clothing (textile contact dermatitis): case presentation and review of the literature.

Although the exact incidence of textile contact dermatitis is unknown, recent studies demonstrate that contact dermatitis produced by allergic or irritant reactions to clothing not only is more frequent than previously thought but also increasing. The clinical features of contact dermatitis (CD) caused by clothing may resemble common allergic contact dermatitis or may have atypical presentations. We report on several cases of clothing-induced contact dermatitis with atypical clinical presentations.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Heat strain attenuation while wearing NBC clothing: dry-ice vest compared to water spray.

BACKGROUND: While wearing impermeable nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) clothing, reduction of thermal stress is of primary importance. We compared the effect between two cooling methods on the attenuation of heat strain. METHODS: There were six male subjects who were divided into two groups of three and exposed on two consecutive days to 125 min of exercise in a high heat load (40 degrees C, 40% RH) wearing NBC clothing. They were cooled by one of two different cooling methods: an active cooling vest (CV) based on the sublimation of dry ice, or tap water spraying (TP). RESULTS: After 2 h, rectal temperature (Tre) was significantly higher for the CV compared with the TP (38.1 +/- 0.04 degrees C vs. 37.7 +/- 0.10 degrees C, respectively). Skin temperature (Tsk) was significantly higher for the CV compared with the TP (36.60 +/- 0.54 degrees C vs. 34.90 +/- 0.35 degrees C, respectively). In the second hour, heart rate (HR) was significantly higher for CV compared with TP (118 +/- 13 bpm vs. 104 +/- 64 bpm, respectively). Heat storage was significantly higher after the first and second hours for the CV compared with the TP. The physiological strain index (PSI) was higher for CV compared with TP in the second hour. Sweat rate (msw) was significantly higher for CV compared with TP (560 +/- 45 g x h(-1) vs. 409 +/- 84 g x h(-1), respectively). Subjective thermal comfort was not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: TP was more effective than the CV in reducing heat strain under the conditions used in the study. Until a significant breakthrough in reducing heat strain while wearing NBC clothing in field conditions can be found, TP appears to be an effective and recommended cooling method.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

[Improving textile sun protection by regular washing of clothing].

The highest priority in the prevention of malignant tumors of the skin is given to the avoidance of sun-induced reddening of the skin and sunburn at any age. The usual recommendation is to keep out of the sun between 11 am and 3 pm, wear a sun-hat and appropriate clothing, and use a sun screen (UV-A and UV-B) that doesn't wash off on exposed skin and when in the water. With regard to the wearing of clothing protecting against UV radiation, compliance must be expected to be low, since just such protective clothing (in particularthick, densely-woven materials) is unsuitable for the summer. Using detergents containing a UV absorber in the home wash, even light summer wear can be made to offer good UV protection.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

[Physiologic and hygienic principles underlying creation of clothes protecting against cold].

The article presents principles underlying creation of clothes protecting against cold, in accordance with specific usage conditions (ambient air temperature and speed, ergonomic traits and metabolic level of work, duration of cold exposure). The authors listed requirements to thermal protection of clothes and to separate entities (hat, gloves, shoes) in relation to various climate regions. Major steps of creation and evaluation of the clothes are demonstrated.

Body Temperature↗

PubMed1990

[Standards for infant clothing].

The presence of clothing for infants does not reflect in quality and quantity the actual situation of medical knowledge. Economical conditions are not responsible for that fact, but especially uninformation of industry and physicians, too. Our contribution should inform doctors, especially from child welfare centres, about clothing to infants. Recommendations were given to a more proper clothing of infants.

Body Temperature↗

PubMed1986

The effect of athletic clothing aerodynamics upon running speed.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the wind resistance of athletic clothing upon running speed in sprinting and in distance running. Wind tunnel tests of clothing materials, hair, and shoes show that it is possible to lower the wind resistance of a runner from about 0.5% to over 6% by improved aerodynamics. Mathematical models of sprinting and distance running are developed to predict the effect of lower wind resistance upon race times. By lowering the wind resistance of a runner 2%, the models predict the effect of lower wind resistance upon race times. By lowering the wind resistance of a runner 2%, the models predict time savings from 0.01 s in the 100-m dash to 5.7 s in the marathon. This is the equivalent of lead distances of about 0.1 to 31 m. The sprint model may be used to predict the effect of altitude upon running speed. At the altitude of Mexico City, the model predicts an improvement of 0.08 s in 100 m and 0.16 s in 200 m. This is conservative compared to actual time savings. The results show that it is possible to lower the wind resistance significantly by improving clothing or by trimming or covering the hair, and that a small aerodynamic drag reduction can result in a significant performance increase.

Air Movements↗

PubMed1986

[Introduction of the results of ergonomic studies in clothing factories].

Hypokinesis is known to exert a negative effect on human systems, the circulatory, osseo-articular, muscular and many other systems. Ergonomic investigations, performed during five years and covering 1350 women employed at clothing and knitting plants as seamstresses carrying out their work at piece-rate, direct line as well as beltsystem, under the conditions of restricted motorial activity, i.e. under hypokinetic conditions, revealed the occurrence of pelviccongestion syndrome (pcs). Relying on the obtained results of the investigations, the evaluation involved the condition of women's reproductive organ in the context of the integrated state of health of female workers employed as seamstresses at clothing and knitting plants, viewed against the background of professional and sociological problems. Moreover, recommendations were issued as to the treatment of genital organ disorders in women employed under the conditions of restricted motorial activity, and also prophylaxis concerning these disturbances, particularly with regard, to the pelvic congestion syndrome. Elements of reorganization of the health service at the clothing and knitting industry plants have been worked out and described.

Clothing↗

PubMed1985

Clothing burns in Canadian children.

A Canadian survey of 11 tertiary care pediatric centres with specialized burn facilities revealed that an estimated 37 children up to 9 years of age are admitted annually to such hospitals because of clothing burns. Sleepwear accounts for an estimated 21 such burns per year. Girls were found to suffer the most severe burns and represented eight of the nine children in the series who died. Loose and flowing garments dominated the girls' styles. The results of multiple-regression analysis confirmed that style of clothing (loose and flowing as opposed to snug) was the most significant predictor of burn severity, length of hospital stay, the need for skin grafting and survival. The ignition situation (avoidance of parental supervision at the time of injury) was the only other important predictor. The success of regulatory actions in other countries in reducing the incidence of severe clothing burns is reviewed, and preventive strategies for Canada are explored.

Burns↗

PubMed1985

Thermal insulating capabilities of "thin" clothing insulation.

Claims have been made that certain "thin" polyolefin clothing insulating materials possess superior insulating capabilities because they consist of extremely fine fibers. In a comparative study, swatches of the usual clothing materials, down, polyester, and polyolefin were examined by a technique that allowed two methods of calculating the insulation value, one across the sample and the second from the inner surface of the sample to the ambient air. The second method produces a value that includes the air layer which adheres to all clothing, increasing the apparent insulation. The thermal insulation of the material, per se, does not change. The data demonstrate that the claims can be made for any thin insulation.

Air↗

PubMed1982

Reduction of pesticide exposure with protective clothing for applicators and mixers.

Systemic pesticide illness in agricultural workers may result from excessive dermal exposure to pesticides. Workers who apply and mix pesticides (applicators and mixers) are not at special risk. Both acute and chronic exposures can occur from spillage or by environmental contamination of clothing. Two exposure assessment studies were conducted of Central Florida citrus grove workers who applied ethion daily. Measuring the percentage of penetration of ethion through clothing and measuring the daily urinary excretion of diethyl phosphate (DEP) were the techniques used to assess the protection afforded by changing daily to freshly laundered 100% cotton coveralls. Coveralls provided significantly greater protection than did regular clothing and the use of respirators.

Agricultural Workers' Diseases↗

PubMed1993

Influence of temperature and metabolic rate on work performance with Canadian Forces NBC clothing.

This study examined the effects of environmental temperature and metabolic rate on soldiers' work tolerance time (WTT) while wearing various levels of nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) defence protective clothing. There were 23 unacclimatized males (23 +/- 3 years, 76 +/- 8 kg, 1.77 +/- 0.08 m) assigned to exercise at either a light (walking 1.11 m.s-1 0% grade, alternating with lifting 10 kg) or heavy metabolic rate (walking 1.33 m.s-1 7.5% grade, alternating with lifting 20 kg) in an environmental chamber at either 18 degrees C, 50% R.H. (cool) or 30 degrees C, 50% R.H. (warm). Subjects were tested wearing three levels of clothing protection: combat clothing (L); combats and a semi-permeable NBC overgarment (M); combats and NBC overgarment, gloves, boots and respiratory (H). WTT was the time until rectal temperature (Tre) reached 39.3 degrees C, heart rate reached 95% maximum, dizziness or nausea precluded further exercise, or 5 h had elapsed. During the light and cool trials (N = 5), wearing M or H did not impair WTT (277 +/- 47 min). For the light and warm experiments (N = 6), WTT was significantly impaired with H (82.7 +/- 10.6 min). With the heavy and cool condition (N = 6), WTT was reduced with M (240.5 +/- 73.8 min) and H (56.7 +/- 17.9 min). Finally, during the heavy and warm trials (N = 6), WTT was progressively impaired for L (172.5 +/- 52.8 min), M (65.8 +/- 18.2 min), and H (34.0 +/- 9.7 min) levels of protection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Arrow damage to textiles--analysis of clothing and bedding in two cases of crossbow deaths.

Two cases of crossbow deaths involving analysis of damage to clothing and bedding are described. The distinctive characteristics of the damage examined in these cases indicate that there is merit in examining damage to clothing as well as wounds to the body in crossbow injuries. Clothing damage analysis may be especially useful if the body is badly decomposed or never recovered. Furthermore, damage to textiles may reflect a clearer geometry of the weapon than that of the associated wounding.

Bedding and Linens↗

PubMed1998

Unusual patterns of chronic photodamage through clothing.

Recent cancer statistics estimate that the yearly incidence of cutaneous malignancies in the United States is similar to the incidence of all other cancers combined. Ultraviolet radiation-induced photodamage of the skin plays a large role in the growth of these skin cancers. The case of a 47-year-old white man with peculiar patterns of actinic skin damage on the anterior chest and back is presented, and the relationship of these findings with his choice of clothing is reviewed. The transmission of ultraviolet radiation through clothing fabrics is addressed, with recommendations for the use of clothing as an effective form of photoprotection.

Basal Cell Carcinoma↗

PubMed1998

Testing conflicting scenarios--a role for simulation experiments in damage analysis of clothing.

Damage to clothing is commonly encountered in serious crimes of violence such as homicide and rape. Examination of damage to clothing and other textiles may provide valuable information as to the possible implement that caused the damage and the manner in which it was caused. Damage analysis may corroborate or refute a particular crime scenario. This report describes two recent cases examined at the Victoria Forensic Science Centre laboratory where opposing views as to the origin of the damage to the clothing of the victim were proposed. The results confirm the value of simulation experiments mimicking each case scenario. They also demonstrate that it may not be possible to unequivocally choose between opposing scenarios because of limitations inherent in damage analysis.

Clothing↗

PubMed1998

Application of ergonomics principles of burdening of the worker in the process of clothes cutting.

In the technological procedure of clothes cutting, lifting, transferring and putting of textile bundles on the machine for laying of cutting layers are considered to be the most difficult physical tasks. Upon standing position of the worker, centre of the mass is relatively high and hydrostatic pressure of blood column is increased influencing relatively increased blood circulation at the end of extremities. High incidence of muscle-bone and other health problems occur although this job has been classified as an easy one according to the criteria of energy consumption. These are ever growing cause of degenerative diseases of the vertebral column, absence from the work and early invalidity. Distortion of vertebral column towards right and left as well as forward in cervical and lumbar part of the body have been investigated upon monitoring of the work, as well as rotation of dorsal part of the body on the workers in the technological process of clothes cutting. Corresponding mathematical formulation has been shown for this investigation. Size of the distortion and rotation angles were investigated on four workers who perform various technological clothes cutting operations on two variously formed working places. Based on the monitoring of the workers values of vertebral column during working time were established, and also maximum distortion and rotation angles at the beginning and at the end of carrying out of cutting technological procedure, were established.

Clothing↗