Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “CITY PLANNING”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Transport and health: en route to a healthier Australia?

We have been slow to recognize the impact that decisions about transport, land use and infrastructure have on health. Apart from encouraging a sedentary lifestyle, reliance on motor vehicle transport has a range of adverse health effects (traffic accidents, air and noise pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions). Physical activity equivalent to 30 minutes (in total) of brisk walking on all, or most, days of the week provides preventive and protective benefits for a wide range of health conditions (including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, depression and osteoporosis). "Active transport"--walking, cycling and/or using public transport instead of car travel--could have dual health benefits by providing physical activity and reducing the adverse health effects of motor vehicle transport. Doctors, medical administrators and health advocates can encourage the use of "active transport", and influence community-based programs and policy development about land use planning and travel demand management.

Australia↗
PubMed2001

The acceptability of the female condom: perspectives of family planning providers in New York City, South Africa, and Nigeria.

This article seeks to fill the gap in female condom acceptability research by examining family planning (FP) providers' attitudes and experiences regarding the female condom in three countries (South Africa, the US, and Nigeria) to highlight providers' potential integral role in the introduction of the female condom. The case studies used data drawn from three independent projects, each of which was designed to study or to change FP providers' attitudes and practices in relation to the female condom. The case study for New York City used data from semistructured interviews with providers in one FP consortium in which no special female condom training had been undertaken. The data from South Africa were drawn from transcripts and observations of a female condom training program and from interviews conducted in preparation for the training. The Nigerian study used observations of client visits before and after providers were trained concerning the female condom. In New York City, providers were skeptical about the contraceptive efficacy of the female condom, with only 8 of 22 providers (36%) reporting they would recommend it as a primary contraceptive. In South Africa, providers who had practiced insertion of the female condom as part of their training expressed concern about its physical appearance and effects on sexual pleasure. However, they also saw the female condom as a tool to empower clients to increase their capacity for self-protection. Structured observations of providers' counseling interactions with clients following training indicated that Nigerian providers discussed the female condom with clients in 80% of the visits observed. Despite the lack of a uniform methodology, the three case studies illuminate various dimensions of FP providers' perceptions of the acceptability of the female condom. FP providers must be viewed as a critical factor in female condom acceptability, uptake, and continued use. Designing training programs and other interventions that address sources of provider resistance and enhance providers' skills in teaching female condom negotiation strategies may help to increase clients' use of the female condom.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2003

Prevention of odour emergence in sewage networks.

Through increasing central development and through the decrease of specific wastewater production, wastewater systems are more and more prone to odour and corrosion problems. Hydrogen sulphide is produced, particularly in anaerobic flow stretches, which will then escape at turbulent places because of change in the flow direction and create odour harassment. Of particular importance in this respect are the transferring shafts after rising mains. The empirical approaches used for the estimation of the assumed sulphide concentrations yield considerable differences in the calculation and must therefore be used with care. This report presents a methodology for the co-ordination of odour- and corrosion-reducing measures which also includes the area of complaint management. It is crucially important to fine-tune the necessary measures (for instance the application of operational or chemical/biological methods) to the specific frame conditions. The practical comparison of the additional dosage of external water, iron and nitrate served to test the efficiency of these methods. The dosage of iron and nitrate led to considerable reductions in H2S content at the transferring shaft. The online measurement of the spectral adsorption coefficient (SAC) could become one control parameter for saving chemicals. It should be pointed out that it is necessary to consider the relevant measures and effects of odour and corrosion production during the planning stage--from the creation of the development plan of cities and communities. Through the selection of the wastewater disposal method to the planning of details. Moreover, the relevant financial means for these measures must be included in the economic plan.

Corrosion↗