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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of parameters of spatio-structural stimuli on evoked potentials of the visual and posterior associative regions of the cortex in man].

In subjects with normal vision, differences have been detected in the reactions of the main components (P100, N150, P200) of evoked potentials recorded in the Oz and TPO leads, to homogeneous stimuli, chess fields with different sizes of cells and grids differing in area and the number of orientation stripes. The data obtained are discussed in the light of V.D. Glezer's hypothesis on specialized information processing in the visual and posterior associative cortical areas and concepts on the existence of separate channels of processing different image properties.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Electrophysiological and neuroradiological methods in the diagnosis and prognostication of functional outcome in young children with lesions of the visual tract].

The authors analyze the data of computer-aided tomography, neurosonography, and visual evoked potentials to chess pattern reversal in 14 infants aged 6 to 11 months with partial atrophy of the optic nerve and/or visual cortex involvement before and in various periods after transcutaneous electric stimulation combined with neurotrophic drug therapy. The advantages of comprehensive examinations in neuroophthalmological diagnosis in infants are shown, as is the possibility of using electrophysiological and neuroradiological methods for prediction of functional outcomes in the said patient population.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Temperament as a predictor of behavior during initial dental examination in children.

Temperament refers to children's behavioral style, or the manner in which they interact with their environment. Temperament has been quantified into nine temperament categories and five temperament constellations by Thomas and Chess. Temperament categories and constellations of children can be measured using one of several parental questionnaires, each of which focuses on age-appropriate behavior. For this study the Behavioral Style Questionnaire (BSQ) was administered to the parents of 50 healthy children (mean age 48.8 months) receiving initial dental examinations. The examinations were videotaped and The Ohio State Behavior Rating Scale (OSUBRS) was used to rate each child's behavior into one of four behavioral categories: 1) quiet; 2) crying only; 3) disruptive movement only; and 4) crying and disruptive movement. For data analysis the percentage duration of each behavioral category was calculated. Using one-way ANOVA, significant differences between constellations were found for quiet (P = 0.03) and combination behavior (P = 0.03). Using a stepwise linear regression, the temperament category of approach/withdrawal was found to predict the percentage of quiet (multiple R = 0.42357, R2 = 0.17941, and P = 0.002), crying (multiple R = 0.42124, R2 = 0.17744, and P = 0.002), and combination behaviors (multiple R = 0.30008, R2 = 0.09005, and P = 0.03). Additionally, significant regressions were found with temperament categories predicting behavioral categories depending on the child's age. The results of this pilot study suggest that the BSQ temperament constellations and categories appear to be modest predictors of a child's specific behaviors in the dental environment. Knowledge of a child's temperament may prepare the clinician to predict patient behaviors in the dental environment.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1993

[The effect of the in-vitro interaction of antibacterial preparations on Brucella melitensis].

The character of drug interaction in 18 various combinations of sisomicin, amikacin, gentamicin, cefotaxime, doxycycline, trimethoprim and nitroxaline was studied by the chess board method with respect to 25 strains of Brucella melitensis. The synergistic effect with respect to the majority of the cultures was observed with the use of the combinations of gentamicin, amikacin or sisomicin with doxycycline. The combinations of the aminoglycosides with cefotaxime and sisomicin or gentamicin with rifampicin had a summation effect on the majority of the cultures. With the use of the combinations of cefotaxime with nitroxaline or trimethoprim and rifampicin with nitroxaline the effect on the majority of the cultures was indifferent. The effect was mainly antagonistic with the use of the combinations of amikacin with rifampicin, gentamicin with trimethoprim and cefotaxime with doxycycline. The effect of the combinations of gentamicin with nitroxaline and cefotaxime with rifampicin was different with respect to different strains of B. melitensis. It was indifferent, antagonistic or summation depending on the strain.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Chlorhexidine digluconate/chlorocresol combination. In vitro study of interactions observed against potential cutaneous strains].

The interaction type of chlorhexidine digluconate/chlorocresol association (foaming solution DC 102/1, Laboratoires Pierre Fabre Médicament) have been studied according to the chess-board method, on microplate, by determining MBC (Minimal Bactericidal Concentrations) (or MFC (Minimal Fungicidal Concentrations)) adjusted to T 72-150 AFNOR norm (dilution-neutralization, contact 5 mn) and computation of FBC (or FFC) Index. Trials were carried out against 18 hospital strains (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Propionibacterium acnes, Candida albicans) and against 4 strains of the AF-NOR norm. MBC of chlorhexidine, against Staphylococci were included between 6.25 and 25 micrograms/ml, and between 25 and 200 micrograms/ml against the others strains. MBC of chlorocresol were included between 800 and 3,200 micrograms/ml. Against the 22 tested strains, 18 synergistic interactions (FBC Index < or = 0.75) were observed, with 4 to 8 reducing factor for chlorhexidine, and > or = 2 for chlorocresol. No antagonism was noted (maximal FBC Index = 1).

Candida albicans↗
PubMed1993

[Temperament, psychological development and psychopathology. Correlations, explanatory models and forms of intervention].

A return to temperamental concepts characterizes contemporary child psychology in the United States. The word "temperament" refers to early developing differences in reactivity and behavioral style. Temperament research focuses on the origins, the stability, the dimensionality and the psychopathological significance of such differences. This article especially emphasizes the latter. Associations between temperament and psychopathology are noted. Chess' and Thomas' goodness of fit-model is presented as an explanatory model for these associations. According to this model, behavior disorders result from an incompatibility between the normal variations of child and environment. The applicability of this model in clinical and educational settings is then outlined. Finally, the author considers the contribution of temperament research to established paradigms in developmental psychopathology.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of defocusing a visual stimulus on a human evoked potential].

A study was made of EP recorded in the visual projection area of the cerebral cortex in children with normal sight and in those with disturbed refraction when presented with blank and checkered patterns, the dimensions of the chess squares equalling 10, 20, 40, 60 and 120 angular minutes. In children with normal sight the patterns were defocussed by eyeglass lenses of --1 to +/- 6 dioptries. The investigation revealed a different EP configuration on the presentation of blank and checkered patterns. There was a similarity between the EP change when a blank pattern was replaced by a checkered one, and when the checkered pattern was made sharper. It is assumed that these EP changes results from enhanced lateral inhibition due to the contrast boundaries of the checkered pattern, The experiments carried out on children with disturbed refraction indicated that the maximal EP amplitude corresponded to the optimal optic correction, which shows that theuse of EP is a promising cue in determing vision acuity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Reading-induced epilepsy: three new cases].

INTRODUCTION: Primary epilepsy of reading is a rare syndrome in which patients present with mandibular myoclonia when reading texts. Seizures are also frequently provoked by other stimuli. Occasionally they may be followed by generalized tonic-clonic seizures. CLINICAL CASES: We present the clinical features and electroencephalographs of three patients with epilepsy of reading, one of them also had seizures when playing chess and after doing arithmetic and the third after reading music. Treatment with valproic acid and clonazepam completely controlled the seizures in all three patients. In two cases we saw epileptiform activity on EEG whilst they were reading, although the basal EEG was normal. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that epilepsy of reading is under-diagnosed and emphasize the importance of careful questioning of epileptic patients as to factors which may precipitate the seizures. In view of the social problems which may arise, early recognition of the syndrome is important for the patient.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Visual evoked potentials in infants in health and hypoplasia of the optic nerve].

Visual evoked potentials (VEP) in response to chess field reversion were studied in 29 infants aged from 6 weeks to 1.5 years with optic nerve hypoplasia and in healthy age-matched controls. Analysis of VEP in healthy children showed that the interval between weeks 6-9 and 16-20 of life was the period of their most rapid maturation, this making this period in the development of the optic system of man particularly significant. Three types of VEP disorders were detected in patients with optic nerve hypoplasia; these types correlate with the size of the optic disk and behavioral reactions of a child. Together with the clinical data, VEP may be used for assessing the function of the optic system of children with optic nerve hypoplasia and for early diagnosis of this disease.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

[Early exercise test in patients with myocardial infarction after nifedipine administration of prolonged duration].

In 25 patients with transmural myocardial infarction a mean of 16 days after the onset of infarction an exercise stress test was performed 2 hours after the administration of Corinfar Retard. We evaluated ECG, blood pressure, heart rate, echocardiograms and spirographic parameters before and after drug administration. In the majority of patients ST segment depressions were reduced and duration of the exercise test increased or remained unchanged. In 5 patients the magnitude of ST segment depression was markedly decreased and associated with prolonged duration of exercise and substantial patient comfort. In these patients the drug is continued, as its withdrawal resulted in decreased exercise tolerance with accompanying chess discomfort. Corinfar Retard significantly decreased weigh blood pressure, both systolic and diastolic, whereas its effect on low blood pressure was only slight or none. Heart rate was higher before exercise, during and after exercise it did not differ from that measured without the drug. Ejection fraction increased by a mean of 4%; VC and FEV1 increased or remained unchanged. Exercise testing was safe, did not produce and any side effects and seems to be useful in deciding about the choice of drug after myocardial infarction, especially in patients with counterindications to beta blockers.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Evoked potentials in parkinsonism].

Evoked potentials (EP) were analysed in patients with idiopathic form of Parkinson's disease (PD) in terms of three modalities: visual EP of chess pattern, acoustic EP of brain stem and somato-sensory EP during stimulation of median and tibial nerves. The data were compared with clinical characteristics. The conclusion was drawn about evident participation of afferent systems in PD development which is apparently secondary.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Screening head ultrasound to detect intraventricular hemorrhage in premature infants.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this case-control study was to develop a screening protocol using head ultrasound (HUS) to detect high-grade intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in very-low-birthweight infants with greater specificity than current practice, while maintaining a high degree of sensitivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All infants </= 32 weeks or </= 1500 g admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit between January 1, 1991 and December 31, 1992 were studied. The 1991 cohort was analyzed to identify the factors most sensitive and specific for predicting the occurrence of a high-grade (III or IV) IVH. RESULTS: Eighty-five percent of infants born at 28-32 weeks gestation screened by 2 weeks of age for IVH had normal HUS scans. The factors most predictive of a high-grade IVH were gestational age < 28 weeks, forceps delivery, or any of the following in the first 2 weeks of life: seizures, head circumference increasing by more than 1 cm per week, base deficit >/= 10, or cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the neonatal intensive care unit. CONCLUSION: Infants born at 28-32 weeks with a high-grade IVH can be identified with a high degree of sensitivity using refined screening criteria, eliminating 50 % of the HUS scans currently obtained for IVH screening.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1993

Cool laser optics treatment of large telangiectasia of the lower extremities.

BACKGROUND: Lower extremity telangiectases have been traditionally treated using sclerotherapy. However, because of significant side effects from sclerotherapy, laser treatments have been investigated. Results from laser treatments have been generally unsatisfactory. OBJECTIVE: This study was based on the premise that simultaneous cooling and lasing would permit more effective treatment. METHODS: Thirty lower extremity telangiectases on 13 patients were treated by a technique of simultaneous cooling and lasing. Argon (488/514 nm) and argon dye (577 nm, 585 nm) laser light were delivered through a new cooling device to telangiectatic vessels of approximately 1-mm diameter on the thigh and leg. Pulsed and continuous beam treatments were utilized at high levels of irradiance. RESULTS: Sixty-seven percent of treated sites were improved; half of these were completely or nearly completely cleared. There were no complications. In only 2 of 30 (7%) treated sites were there persistent pigmentary changes. CONCLUSION: These results compare favorably with other methods for treatment of lower extremity telangiectases. Successful treatment of large lower extremity telangiectases by simultaneous cooling and lasing with minimal side effects suggests a reduction of thermal injury to nonvascular tissue while allowing destruction of ectatic vasculature.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Functional analysis of human T cell subsets defined by monoclonal antibodies. VI. Distinct and opposing immunoregulatory functions within the OKT8+ population.

In the present study, we investigated the immunoregulatory potential of OKT8+ cells after in vitro activation. Initial studies had demonstrated that the T cell marker OKT4 identifies T cell sets containing helper cells, whereas OKT8 reacts with the suppressor and cytotoxic T cell effectors. More detailed analysis of the OKT4+ subset, however, demonstrated that there is functional heterogeneity in the OKT4+ population. The evidence for this heterogeneity arose from studies on (1) the relative radiosensitivities of the distinct immunoregulatory functions of cells contained within this set, and, (2) the effects of the state of activation of this population on immune function. For example, OKT4+ cells included radiosensitive helper cells, radioresistant helper cells, and radiosensitive inducers of suppressor cells. Furthermore, after activation, the OKT4+ population also contained cells capable of suppressing B cell differentiation. Since activation of the OKT4+ population results in the emergence of cells with counterbalancing immunoregulatory properties, it was of interest to determine whether the state of activation of the OKT8+ population influences the immunoregulatory potential of this subset. In the experiments reported here E+ cells were cultured with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) for 60-70 h and then thoroughly depleted of OKT4+ cells, leaving OKT8+ cells. The ability of the PWM-activated OKT8+ cells (first culture) to exert suppressive activity was determined by adding graded numbers of these cells to fresh autologous OKT4+ cells and B cells. The cell mixtures were cultured in the presence of PWM for 5 days and then assayed for plaque-forming-cell (PFC) activity by the reverse hemolytic plaque assay. Our studies demonstrate that activation of OKT8+ cells results in the emergence of cells with apparently counterbalancing immunoregulatory properties. Activated nonirradiated OKT8+ cells consistently suppressed B cell immunoglobulin production. However, the immunoregulatory function mediated by irradiated activated OKT8+ cells is highly dependent on the magnitude of the helper activity obtained with fresh OKT4+ cells. Thus, irradiated activated OKT8+ cells suppressed the generation of PFC only when the level of helper activity was optimal. However, when the level of help was not optimal, no suppressor activity was observed; rather, under these conditions, irradiated activated OKT8+ cells amplify the PFC response. We would emphasize that the amplification function of irradiated OKT8+ cells depends strictly on the presence of fresh OKT4+ cells. Irradiated activated OKT8+ cells alone are not helper cells, since addition of these cells to B cells thoroughly dep

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1984

Hyperthermic treatment of intraocular tumors.

A 5.8-gigahertz (GHz) ophthalmic microwave applicator was used to treat choroidal melanoma (Green strain) in rabbits. High-frequency electromagnetic radiation provides a favorable dose distribution to induce local hyperthermia in the treatment of intraocular tumors. Heating of the neoplasm, while sparing normal ocular structures, is best accomplished by a transscleral approach. A hyperthermia plaque is placed on the sclera at the base of the intraocular tumor. Contact (resistive) heating and electromagnetic radiation (radiofrequency and microwave) are best suited to a plaque technique. The advantages of electromagnetic heat induction, as compared with contact heating, are twofold: the depth of hyperthermic penetration can be modulated by frequency selection, and the tissues with low water content (sclera) remain relatively unaffected by microwaves. The 5.8-GHz ophthalmic microwave applicator satisfies the requirements for local hyperthermic treatment of intraocular tumors.

Animals↗