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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Benign epithelial neoplasms of the appendix: classification and clinical associations.

The nomenclature of non-carcinoid epithelial proliferations of the appendix is confused and many of the terms used have no histogenetic basis. A classification based on the well-established diagnostic categories of colonic epithelial polyps has been proposed recently. We have applied this classification to 42 benign epithelial lesions of the appendix in order to determine its suitability for routine diagnostic use, and in order to determine the prognosis of patients with these lesions. All lesions could be classified as either hyperplastic, adenomatous, mixed hyperplastic/adenomatous or dilated appendices. Six cases were associated with a synchronous carcinoma of the colon with all types of appendiceal histology being represented. Follow-up of the remainder of the patients revealed two subsequent colonic carcinomas, at 3 and 6 years post-appendicectomy respectively. In both of these patients, the appendix had shown adenomatous epithelium. We suggest that adenomas of the appendix may have a similar prognostic significance to adenomas elsewhere in the large bowel.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Nonpulmonary small cell carcinomas of extragenital origin metastatic to the ovary.

Seven small cell carcinomas of extragenital and extrapulmonary origin that metastasized to the ovary are described. The tumors occurred in women who were 21-77 years of age (mean, 49 years) and were discovered at, or close to, the time of presentation. The primary sites were the intestine (three cases), thymus (two cases), and inguinal skin (one case), and in one case it was undetermined. The ovarian tumors, four of which were bilateral, ranged from 1.2 to 25 cm in diameter (mean, 11 cm). Microscopic examination showed typical features of small (oat) cell carcinoma in six cases; one neoplasm resembled a small cell carcinoma of intermediate cell type and contained rare glands. On immunohistochemical examination, six of six tumors stained for cytokeratin, five of five for neuron-specific enolase, two of six for chromogranin, and none of four for vimentin. The primary cutaneous tumor was a Merkel cell carcinoma. The patient with that case died at 8 months. Two patients with intestinal tumors died at 1 and 2 months, and one is free of disease at 4 years after receiving chemotherapy. Both patients with mediastinal tumors received chemotherapy; one died at 11 months and one had brain metastases at 5 months and was lost to follow-up. The final case is recent. The differential diagnoses in these cases include primary ovarian small cell carcinomas of hypercalcemic and pulmonary types and various other small cell malignant tumors metastatic to the ovary. Consideration of a variety of clinical and pathologic features should enable these important distinctions to be made.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

NCI-H716 cells as a model for endocrine differentiation in colorectal cancer.

In colonic neoplasms, endocrine differentiation is encountered not only in carcinoid tumors but also in adenocarcinomas, where endocrine cells may represent a distinct line of differentiation in the tumor. The significance of endocrine differentiation in colorectal cancer is not well established, partly because of the paucity of tumor cell lines which can serve as a model for studying endocrine differentiation. In this report we describe the properties of NCI-H716 cells, a cell line derived from a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the caecum, under various in vitro conditions and as xenografts in athymic mice. Phenotypical properties were immunohistochemically assessed using a panel of differentiation related antibodies, and also by Northern blot analysis and by electron microscopy. Receptors for biogenic amines and peptide hormones were analyzed by ligand binding assay. These studies show that: 1. NCI-H716 cells can be undifferentiated, or show endocrine, mucin-producing or "amphicrine" properties. 2. Endocrine differentiation of NCI-H716 cells preferentially occurs in xenografts in athymic mice, which suggests that mesenchymal elements induce endocrine differentiation. 3. NCI-H716 cells express large amounts of high affinity receptors for gastrin, serotonin and somatostatin and these substances can regulate growth. Thus, NCI-H716 cells form a suitable model for the study of endocrine differentiation in intestinal epithelium and of auto- or paracrine growth regulation in intestinal neoplasia.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Goblet cell carcinoid of the appendix: Investigation of the expression of beta-catenin and E-cadherin.

Goblet cell carcinoids are rare neoplasms that predominantly occur in the appendix. In this report we present a case of goblet cell carcinoid of the appendix. A 58-year-old male patient complaining of pain in the right lower quadrant was diagnosed with acute appendicitis and underwent an appendectomy. Histological examination of the resected appendix revealed goblet cell carcinoid. Infiltration of tumor cells beyond the appendix was observed and the surgically resected margin was positive for tumor cells. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was diffusely detected by immunohistochemistry, and cytokeratin 20, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), chromogranin A and serotonin were focally observed in the tumor cells. The expression of beta-catenin and E-cadherin was investigated to compare with that of typical rectal carcinoids (n = 3) and colon adenocarcinomas (n = 3). In normal colonic and rectal mucosae, beta-catenin and E-cadherin stained positive on the plasma membrane. In the case reported here, beta-catenin showed a preserved expression on the plasma membrane of goblet cell carcinoid; a pattern similar to typical carcinoids rather than to adenocarcinomas. However, E-cadherin demonstrated a reduced expression on the plasma membrane of the tumor cells. This staining pattern was identical to those both of carcinoids and of adenocarcinomas. These findings suggest the possibility that, in some cases, the adherens junctions of goblet cell carcinoids are similar to those of typical carcinoids rather than to those of adenocarcinomas.

Appendix↗
PubMed1999

Endoscopic resection of laterally spreading tumours of the large intestine using a distal attachment.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Among colorectal neoplasms, laterally spreading tumors (LSTs) are lesions over 10 mm in diameter that are low in height and grow superficially. As most LSTs are adenomas or mucosal carcinomas, endoscopic resection is desirable, but this has been not easy because of their flat and wide shape. The aim of this study was to explore the usefulness of a distal attachment to the endoscope in the endoscopic resection of LSTs. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study population consisted of 23 patients with an LST of the large intestine. Using a distal attachment fitted to the distal end of the endoscope, saline solution with a low concentration of epinephrine was injected underneath the lesion. The lesion was snared and drawn into the cap using the suction function of the endoscope, and then ligated and resected using electrocautery. RESULTS: The size of the lesions ranged from 1 cm to 5cm. Endoscopic resection was completed in 22 of 23 patients. Resection in one segment was successful in 15 of 22 patients; in the remaining seven patients, piece-meal resection was done. Pathological investigation showed hyperplasia in one patient, adenoma in 20 (with mild atypia 1, moderate atypia 11, severe atypia 8), and mucosal carcinoma in one patient. Complications occurred in two patients, with one instance of perforation and another of bleeding. Both were successfully treated with endoscopic clipping. Recurrent adenoma was detected in one patient. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the distal attachment was very useful for endoscopically resecting LSTs of the large intestine.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1997

Primary colorectal lymphoma.

OBJECT: To analyze our experience in the treatment of primary colorectal lymphomas. PATIENTS: During the recent period from 1989 to 1995, a total number of 406 cases of malignant neoplasms of large intestine were treated at Department of Surgery, Hospital del S.A.S de Jerez de la Frontera. There were 5 cases of primary colorectal Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, constituting 1.2% of all colorectal malignancies. METHODS: Medical records of all five patients were carefully reviewed. Surgical pathology specimens were retrospectively reexamined to confirm the diagnosis, and immunohistochemistry staining methods were performed. Dawson, Cornes and Morson criteria were used to distinguish primary colonic lymphoma. For tumor staging, a modification of the Ann-Arbor system for gastrointestinal lymphoma proposed by Musshoff and Schmidt-Vollmer was used. RESULTS: All cases were Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. There were no cases of lymphoma of the rectum. There were 2 males and 3 females. Their ages ranged from 12 to 73 years, with an average age of 31 years. The cecum was the site of the lesions in 4 patients and the other was located in the sigmoid colon. Acute abdomen in three cases, undiagnosed abdominal mass in one and intussusception in the other one were the clinical presentation. Inmunohistochemical studies showed B-cell phenotype in 4 and non-B non-T Ki-1-positive phenotype in 1 patient. Chemotherapy was administered following resection in 100% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative diagnosis of lymphoma was not suspected in all cases but the malignancy was always present. The cecum is the commonest site of involvement. Both of our two patients presented with perforated lymphoma were associated with a poor short term prognosis. It is necessary to unify the staging system and the histologic classifications enabling a comparison of several studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Caecal amoeboma simulating malignant neoplasia, ileocaecal tuberculosis and Crohn's disease.

We report two cases of amoeboma of caecum. The patients were initially diagnosed with acute appendicitis but a large cecal mass was found on surgery, giving the gross impression of tumor, Ileocaecal tuberculosis or Crohn's disease necessitating right hemicolectomy. On histopathological examination, the mass was found to be 'Amoeboma'. Mode of presentation, clinical examination and operative findings are presented along with the review of literature.

Acute Disease↗