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PubMed1979

Geochemistry and cardiovascular diseases.

Deficiencies or excesses in the content or availability of trace elements in rocks and soils, or in water flowing through them, is hypothesized as a possible cause of certain chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. Geographic distribution of cardiovascular diseases is often associated with geochemical differences. This trend is particularly evident in the United States and in Europe, with higher rates for cardiovascular mortalities being present in areas uunderlain by soils that are poor in most essential trace elements. Confirmation of this trend is found in connection with the degree of mineralization of local water supplies. Areas that are served by soft waters usually show higher rates of cardiovascular mortality and other forms of cardiovascular pathology, compared with the areas that are served by hard waters. Such a negative association between water hardness and cardiovascular pathology is evident in many countries, both industrialized and developing.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1999

High incidence of cardiovascular disease and increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in women with hypopituitarism not receiving growth hormone treatment: preliminary results.

Recently, epidemiological evidence has suggested that hypopituitarism with untreated growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is associated with a high incidence of cardiovascular mortality and that women are particularly at risk. In the present study, the incidence of cardiovascular disease and prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in 33 such women was assessed and compared with matched controls. A significantly higher number of diagnosed circulatory disorders occurred in the women with hypopituitarism compared with controls, and drug consumption for cardiovascular disorders was also significantly higher in this group. Furthermore, patients with hypopituitarism had a significantly higher waist:hip ratio and a higher ratio of low-density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein than controls. Electrocardiogram data showed that hypopituitarism was associated with more episodes of bradycardia. In summary, women with hypopituitarism had an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease and a less favourable risk factor profile compared with matched controls. The data add support to previous studies that have shown increased risks of cardiovascular mortality associated with hypopituitarism with untreated GHD. We conclude that adequate cardiovascular surveillance programmes are required for patients with pituitary insufficiency.

Adult↗