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PubMedDate not supplied

[The ocular manifestations in the Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome].

The Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome consists of the following signs: recurrent oedema of the lips and intermittent facial oedema with recidivant aspect; recidivant peripheral facial paresis; scrotal tongue. The cases of a 14-years-old girl is presented. She has two elements of the above signs (recurrent oedema of the lips with facial oedema and scrotal tongue), and additionally ocular affectation: keratitis and bilateral blepharitis. This associations, which has not been found in the literature, is emphasized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Protection against herpes simplex virus-induced eye disease after vaccination with seven individually expressed herpes simplex virus 1 glycoproteins.

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of each of seven expressed herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) glycoproteins as vaccines to protect against ocular disease after primary ocular HSV-1 infection. METHODS: Mice were vaccinated three times with equal amounts of each of seven individually expressed HSV-1 glycoproteins (gB, gC, gD, gE, gG, gH, and gI) and then ocularly challenged with McKrae, a corneal disease-producing strain of HSV-1. Viral clearance from the eye, blepharitis, keratitis, and neovascularization were determined at various times after infection. RESULTS: Mice vaccinated with gD or gB had the best protection against eye disease. Vaccination with gI, gC, or gE produced moderate protection against eye disease. Vaccination with gG produced less protection, and vaccination with gH produced no apparent protection against eye disease. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that when used as vaccines, different HSV-1 glycoproteins provide different levels of protection against HSV-1-induced eye disease. Based on comparison with the authors' previously published results, the ability of each glycoprotein to protect against eye disease correlated with the ability of the glycoprotein to induce high serum neutralizing antibody titers and killer cell activity. Results suggest that the effectiveness of these seven glycoproteins in protecting against eye disease can be ranked as follows: gD > gB > gI > (gC = gE) > gG > gH.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Itraconazole in the treatment of ophthalmomycoses].

The method and results of the use of itrakonazol, a new antifungal agent of the imidazol class, in the treatment of fungal diseases of the eye are described. The clinical trials involved 50 patients with various clinical forms of ophthalmomycosis: 27 patients with fungal affection of the cornea, 3 patients with fungal endophthalmitis, 8 patients with fungal canaliculitis, 3 patients with fungal blepharitis and 9 patients with fungal conjunctivitis. The clinical trials showed that itraconazole had a sufficiently high antifungal activity in the treatment of the ophthalmomycoses. The drug is low toxic and well tolerated.

Blepharitis↗
PubMed1996

Common eye disorders: six patients to treat, pitfalls to avoid.

Primary care physicians have an important role in diagnosing and treating eye disorders--including dacryocystitis, blepharitis, and conjunctivitis--and in determining when ophthalmologic referral is needed. Fundus examination for diagnosis of glaucoma and diabetic eye complications should be a part of the routine examination in all adults. Patients with HIV or AIDS should be carefully monitored for cytomegalovirus retinitis. Children should be tested for amblyopia. Orbital cellulitis can have serious complications and must be vigorously treated. Finally, careful use of ophthalmologic topical agents, especially corticosteroid drops, is essential.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Twice-a-day versus four-times-a-day ofloxacin treatment of external ocular infection.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacies of 0.3% ofloxacin eyedrops, when given twice-a-day (BID) versus four-times-a-day (QID), for the treatment of external ocular disease. METHOD: Fifty patients with blepharitis, conjuctivitis, or blepharoconjunctivitis were randomly assigned to treatment with 0.3% ofloxacin eyedrops, BID or QID, for 10 days. Signs, symptoms, and cultures were evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the study. RESULTS: The clinical outcome was virtually identical in the two groups. There was a significant decrease in clinical scores in the BID and QID groups by days 3 to 5 (2.6-3.0 points) and a further decrease by day 11 (4.3-5.0 points). There was no significant difference between the two groups at any time interval. Microbiologic studies showed a reduction in colony-forming units in 87% of the BID group and in 80% of the QID group. CONCLUSION: The treatment of external ocular disease with 0.3% ofloxacin eyedrops was equally effective when given BID or QID.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2005

Pattern of eye diseases in children of 5-15 years at Bazzertaline Area (South Karachi) Pakistan.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and pattern of eye diseases in children aged 5-15 years. DESIGN: Population based cross-sectional survey. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Bazzertaline area of Karachi (South) from July to August, 2003. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A community-based survey was carried out at the Bazzertaline Area, South Karachi, Pakistan on 5110 children 5-15 years of age. The socioeconomic status of the area was low, with many living below the poverty line. The survey used the WHO definitions of visual impairment as criteria for classification. Standard Snell's literate and illiterate charts were used for assessing the visual acuity. An anterior segment examination with a torch light and loupe was carried out and the posterior segment examined with a direct ophthalmoscope, initially without pupil dilation. Suspected cases of amblyopia, albinism, traumatic cataract and squint, etc. were examined with pupil dilatation. RESULTS: Refractive error of 2% was found to be the primary ocular morbidity, followed by conjunctivitis 1.2%, and squint was found as third ocular morbidity with the prevalence of 0.6%. Those diseases that were less than 0.5% included unilateral amblyopia, corneal ulcer/opacity, cataract, aphakia, trauma, blepharitis, albinism, stye, chalazion and unilateral/bilateral blindness. Bilateral blindness was present in 2.7/1000 children, the major causes being cataract and corneal diseases. Low vision was found in 2.2%, the leading cause being uncorrected refractive error. Visual acuity according to 2.42%. Gender showed higher visual impairment in girls as compared to boys 1.72%. Only one case of vitamin-A deficiency was seen. CONCLUSION: Provision of spectacles would address the most commonly found problem of uncorrected refractive error. Lack of trained personnel and facilities for low vision services in addition to lack of advocacy and awareness in the community contribute to the pattern of eye disease in the area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Involutional lateral entropion of the upper eyelids: a new physical finding in asian patients.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a new physical finding called involutional lateral entropion (ILE) of the upper eyelid found in Asian patients. METHODS: A prospective case series study of 53 consecutive patients with ILE of the upper eyelid, from the practice of one of the authors (J.G.C.), was performed. All of the patients in this series were Asian. Clinical findings on ocular examination, symptoms, age, and sex were obtained and tabulated. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD age of patients was 68.9 +/- 10.1 years (range, 41-88 years); 70% were women and 30% were men. All patients presented with in-turning of only the lateral aspect of the upper eyelid bilaterally. The presenting symptoms were foreign-body sensation (85%), tearing (77%), eye redness (34%), eye pain (26%), and itchiness at the lateral canthal area (25%). Clinical findings included lateral dermatochalasis (100%), trichiasis (100%), lateral canthal eyelid laxity (100%), localized lateral conjunctivitis (42%), punctate epithelial keratopathy (11%), blepharitis (11%), and distichiasis (8%). CONCLUSION: We describe ILE of the upper eyelid in Asian patients and explain the anatomic correlates responsible for this condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Rabbit model of phlyctenulosis and catarrhal infiltrates.

Phlyctenules and catarrhal infiltrates of the human cornea have been described in association with staphylococcal blepharitis. Rabbits immunized and boosted with phenol-inactivated Staphylococcus aureus had a fourfold or greater increase in antibody titer to S aureus and delayed hypersensitivity to S aureus. After topical challenge with viable S aureus, the rabbits in this model had vascularized, elevated, nodular infiltrates of the cornea resembling phylctenules in humans and peripheral corneal infiltrates running parallel to the limbus and separated from it by a lucid interval resembling catarrhal infiltrates in humans. The nodular corneal infiltrates were found in a subepithelial location and were composed of vessels, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and mononuclear cells, including lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. The peripheral corneal infiltrates separated from the limbus by a lucid interval were found in the anterior stroma beneath the corneal epithelium and were composed of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and mononuclear cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Conjunctival goblet cell densities in ocular surface disease.

Goblet cell densities were determined in the eyes of normal subjects and in the eyes of patients with various ocular surface diseases using an impression cytological technique. For normal eyes goblet cell densities on the interpalpebral bulbar and inferior palpebral ocular surfaces were 443 (+/- 266 [+/- SD]) and 1,972 (+/- 862) cells millimeter, per square, respectively. All patients in the ocular surface disease groups had decreased goblet cell densities compared with subjects with normal eyes. Compared with normal eyes, eyes with keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) demonstrated a 17% greater goblet cell loss on the interpalpebral bulbar compared with the inferior palpebral ocular surface, while eyes with blepharitis and secondary KCS demonstrated an 8% greater loss on the inferior palpebral surface compared with the interpalpebral bulbar ocular surface. Eyes with cicatricial ocular pemphigoid and Stevens-Johnson syndrome demonstrated greater than 95% goblet cell loss on both the interpalpebral bulbar and inferior palpebral ocular surfaces compared with normal eyes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Ocular injuries and diseases at a combat support hospital in support of Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm.

A retrospective review of all emergency department visits to a combat support hospital (one of four combining to support 150,000 troops) during Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm was conducted, and all medical records of patients with ocular complaints were analyzed. Ocular injury and/or disease accounted for 14% (108/767) of these visits to the emergency department. Of 108 patients with ocular complaints, corneal foreign bodies (18), ocular burns (14), and traumatic iritis (eight) were the most common injuries treated, while blepharitis and conjunctivitis (16) were the most common diseases. Nineteen (18%) of the 108 patients with ocular complaints were treated during support of the ground war in Iraq (13 were Iraqi prisoners). Ophthalmic injuries accounted for 13% (19/149) of all ground war casualties; however, eight individuals had associated injuries deemed more significant than those of ocular concern. This incidence continues the trend of earlier wars, which has demonstrated a steady increase in ocular injuries. Most US Army troops were issued protective goggles, but only three of 92 American patients wore them at the time of their injury and/or disease.

Emergencies↗
PubMed1988

Detection of herpes simplex virus type 1 in herpetic ocular diseases by DNA-DNA hybridization using a biotinylated DNA probe.

A diagnostic hybridization assay for detecting herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in ocular specimens was developed using cloned viral DNA as a probe. This hybridization assay is based on visualizing a biotinylated probe that is hybridized to the target DNA by a streptavidin/alkaline phosphatase system. The time required for performing this assay system is only two days. This assay system could detect a probe which had been hybridized to as little as 1 pg of homologous DNA and did not cross-react with DNA of other human herpes viruses except that of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) which showed weak cross-reactivity. The assay system was applied to experimental keratitis in albino rabbits and clinical specimens. In experimental keratitis in rabbits it was possible to detect HSV-1 DNA in the eye swab samples at least until the ninth day after virus inoculation. Five clinical specimens collected from patients with corneal ulcer or blepharitis contained HSV-1 DNA in spite of the failure of demonstration of viral antigen and/or virus isolation in two cases.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Epidemiology of primary blepharospasm.

We review epidemiological data on primary blepharospasm (BSP). There is a large variation in the stated prevalence of BSP, with crude estimates ranging from 16 to 133 per million in different studies. A large proportion of this variability may be the result of differences in physician education on BSP. Age and female gender may increase the risk of developing BSP. The few case-control studies focusing on adult dystonias including BSP showed an increased risk in association with family history of dystonia and/or postural tremor, prior head and face trauma, and prior eye disease (e.g., blepharitis and keratoconjunctivitis), and a decreased risk associated with cigarette smoking. No association was found with age-related medical conditions such as hypertension and diabetes, family history of parkinsonism, and a history of anxiety or depression. Broocks et al. [Am J Psychiatry, 1998;155:555-557] found a significantly higher frequency of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in BSP than hemifacial spasm despite the clinical similarity. Among putative risk factors for BSP, age at onset, female gender, and prior head or face trauma may affect spread of dystonia to adjacent body regions. While limited, the body of epidemiological data support the idea that environmental and familial, possibly genetic, factors may both be important in the etiology of BSP.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Actinomyces infection in porous polyethylene orbital implant.

BACKGROUND: A 60-year-old patient developed actinomycotic inflammation within a porous polyethylene orbital implant which she received following enucleation. METHODS: She had repeated conjunctival exposures with inflammation; the primary implant was removed and replaced with another one. RESULTS: The anterior two-thirds of the porous implant was infiltrated with numerous actinomycotic granules surrounded by polymorphonuclear cells and necrotic debris. The organisms were demonstrated with Gram stains on the histopathologic preparations and with scanning electron microscopy. Within the zones of inflammation, the polyethylene skeleton of the implant was extensively damaged. CONCLUSION: Actinomycetes have been described as causative organisms in conjunctivitis, blepharitis, canaliculitis, dacryocystitis and keratitis, but to the best of our knowledge actinomycotic involvement has never been reported in an infected porous orbital implant.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1987

The pathogenesis of herpetic ocular disease in the guinea pig.

A detailed study of the pathogenesis of herpetic eye disease in the guinea pig was undertaken to further develop this animal model. Several well-known HSV-1 strains were tested for their ability to produce disease and cause acute and latent infections of the trigeminal ganglion: McKrae, KOS, McIntyre, RE, and Shealey. Two HSV-2 strains failed to cause eye infections. The Shealey strain [HSV-1 (Sh)] produced the most severe eye infections, characterized by epithelial and stromal disease, corneal vascularization and ulcerative blepharitis. Consequently, HSV-1 (Sh) was selected as the prototype strain for this study. The frequency and severity of HSV-1 (Sh) eye disease patterns was determined by a semi-quantitative rating scale, which permitted accurate monitoring of the temporal development of the disease patterns cited above. Virus shedding from infected eyes was also quantified. All of the HSV-1 strains tested established trigeminal ganglionic latency with varying frequency, although HSV-1 (Sh) latency approached 100 percent. The kinetics of acute ganglionic infection by HSV-1 (Sh) was determined, and peak virus titers occurred on the third day after corneal inoculation. This study emphasizes the usefulness of the Guinea pig model for investigations on the pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of herpetic eye infections.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

[Unilateral facial edematous granulomatosis. Initial symptom of basalioma].

A seventy-year-old woman presented with persistent edema of the left lower eyelid and induration in the inner angle of her left eye. Histological examination revealed granulomatous blepharitis of the lower eyelid as well as a solid basal cell carcinoma with partial calcification in the inner angle of the eye. The edema of the lower eyelid resolved upon complete surgical removal of the tumor.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

[Edematous swelling of the eyelids caused by contact allergy].

Cosmetics and ophthalmological topical preparations are the main causes of allergic contact eczema about the eye. In most cases, clinical signs are conjunctival injection, blepharitis, periorbital dermatitis and edema of lids, often combined with itching. Pure edematous swelling of the eyelids should not immediately be blamed on a contact allergy, but sufficiently evaluated to exclude a benign or malignant process of the eyelids, orbita, lacrimal duct and paranasal sinus. We present a patient with pure edematous swelling of the eyelids due to a contact allergy by the sympathicomimetic phenylephrine hydrochloride, an uncommon allergen.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2003

Risk factors for antibiotic-resistant conjunctival bacterial flora in patients undergoing intraocular surgery.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine if patients with certain risk factors are more likely to harbor conjunctival bacterial flora resistant to multiple antibiotics. METHODS: In this prospective study, detailed medical history and slit-lamp examination were performed on all patients prior to intraocular surgery. Patients with local risk factors were defined as those with chronic blepharitis, conjunctivitis or discharge. Those with systemic risk factors were patients with diabetes, autoimmune, immunodeficient or skin disorders, asthma and those taking immunosuppressant medications. Conjunctival cultures were obtained prior to preoperative antibiotics and povidone-iodine. Bacteria isolated were identified and antibiotic susceptibility was determined. Bacteria resistant to five or more antibiotics were defined as multi-resistant (MR). RESULTS: Among the 207 patients enrolled in the study, 73 patients had local risk factors. Of these patients, 32 patients (44%) carried MR organisms, compared to 32 of the 134 patients (24%) without local risk factors (P=0.0049). Thirty-two of 71 patients (45%) with systemic risk factors harbored MR organisms, compared to 32 of 136 patients (24%) without systemic risk factors (P=0.0025). Seventeen of 93 patients (18%) who had neither local nor systemic risk factors had MR organisms on their conjunctiva. In contrast, 17 of the 30 patients (57%) with both local and systemic risk factors (57%) carried MR bacteria (P=0.0001). CONCLUSION: Patients with local and/or systemic risk factors are more likely to harbor MR organisms. This may be one mechanism for the reported increased risk of postoperative endophthalmitis in this group of patients.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed2004

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and primary hypothyroidism in two families.

UNLABELLED: We describe the clinical and immunological features of two families with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) and primary hypothyroidism. Family A includes three siblings with both candidiasis and hypothyroidism and four individuals with hypothyroidism only. Family B includes four members with candidiasis, of whom one (a male child) also had hypothyroidism. All individuals affected with CMC had suffered from oral candidiasis and onychomycosis since infancy. Facial seborrhoic dermatitis, general folliculitis and scaling blepharitis were main manifestations. Hypothyroidism became evident during childhood. No thyroid antibodies were present in the affected siblings in family A, while the male in family B with hypothyroidism had antibodies against thyroid peroxidase at diagnosis. Immunological evaluation revealed intra-individual variations in serum immunoglobulin levels, lymphocyte subsets and proliferative responses, but there were no consistent abnormalities. Vaccine responses were normal. AIRE gene region microsatellite markers did not segregate with disease nor were autoantibodies typical for autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 detected in the families. CONCLUSION: The link between hypothyroidism and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis remains to be identified.

Alleles↗