Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “BRONCHUS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Chondrosarcoma of the lobar bronchus with prolonged postoperative survival.

Primary chondrosarcoma originating from the bronchus is very rare. We describe the case of a 71 year old man with a large chondrosarcoma originating from the left lower lobe bronchus. The tumour was resected and, in contrast to most patients with such tumours, this patient is well, without complaints or abnormalities on X-ray or computed tomographic (CT) scan, 3 yrs after surgery. Tumour characteristics, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment are discussed. Radical surgical resection is the treatment of choice.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Central airways obstruction in carcinoma of the bronchus treated by radiotherapy: a study of pulmonary function.

A battery of lung function tests was performed on 28 patients with carcinoma of the bronchus, before radiotherapy, six weeks later, and at three months. Twenty-five had evidence of ariways obstruction, though only five had a forced expiratory ratio of less than 50%. Nine were shown to have obstruction to a main or lobar bronchus, while 11 definitely did not, but the only significant difference in lung function between groups was in the residual volume calculated from single breath helium dilution. Eight of ten cases of squamous cell carcinoma were central, and seven of these obstructive. Of seven cases with undifferentiated cells only two were central (p less than 0.05) and one obstructive. Breathlessness on presentation was significantly more common in patients with central tumours (6/12) than those with peripheral lesions (1/8), and all six breathless patients with central tumours claimed that this symptom improved after radiotherapy. Radiotherapy may have a palliative effect for breathlessness in patients with central airways obstruction due to tumour.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Palliation of left main bronchus compression due to malignant tumor by intubation via a tracheostomy tube.

Intubation of the left main bronchus via a tracheostomy tube was performed in a patient with local recurrence of lung cancer associated with invasion and obstruction of the left main bronchus after right sleeve pneumonectomy. The result was satisfactory not only for preventing asphyxia, but also for maintaining the patency of the airway after extubation of the endotracheal tube.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1994

Acute occlusion of a mainstem bronchus by a rapidly expanding foreign body.

We report a case of an 85-year-old woman who presented with acute respiratory failure, caused by aspirating a sucralfate tablet that totally occluded her left main-stem bronchus. Acute respiratory failure resolved after bronchoscopic removal of the markedly expanded tablet. To our knowledge, the acute obstruction of a main-stem bronchus by an aspirated foreign body has not been previously described in adults. We believe that the unusual properties of sucralfate tablets (rapid expansion and mucosal binding) were contributing factors in this patient.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Necrosis of the bronchus. Role of radiation.

The effects of radiation on the lung parenchyma and pleura are well described in the literature. Necrosis of the larynx is a known complication of radiation therapy. Necrosis of a part of the tracheobronchial tree following radiation therapy for bronchogenic carcinoma is likely to occur; however, there is little mention in the English-language literature about such an effect. This report describes four cases with total necrosis of a specific bronchus following radiation therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. All patients received 5,000 to 6,400 rad (50 to 64 Gy) of external-beam radiation. Two patients presented with massive hemoptysis and two with pneumonia. In all four cases, the patients were found to have, by bronchoscopy, necrosis of the bronchus with the involved lobe of the lung replaced by a large cavity lined by tumor tissue. Diagnosis was made 5 to 7 months after radiation therapy was completed. Three of the patients died of exsanguination within weeks following diagnosis of the complication. We suspect that such necrosis occurs as a consequence of radiation therapy in combination with infection in the set up of squamous cell carcinoma, and is a marker of poor prognosis.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Dieulafoy's disease of the bronchus in association with a paravertebral neurilemoma.

Dieulafoy's disease is a vascular anomaly characterized by the presence of a dysplastic artery that is related to an epithelial ulcer. While it is most frequently a GI condition, occurrence in the bronchus has been reported previously in six cases. We present the case of a 51-year-old man with severe hemoptysis and epistaxis. Chest radiographs showed diffuse density in the right base and a mass in the pedicle of T4. The results of bronchoscopy corroborated an active arterial bleeding point in the bronchus of the right middle lobe. A middle and lower lobectomy was performed with resection of the paravertebral mass. The final diagnoses were bronchial Dieulafoy's disease and paravertebral neurilemoma.

Arteriovenous Malformations↗
PubMed2006

Measurement of left mainstem bronchus using multiplane CT reconstructions and relationship between patient characteristics or tracheal diameters and left bronchial diameters.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To measure the tracheal diameters (TDs) [transverse (Tr) TD, and anteroposterior (AP) TD] and left main bronchus diameters (LBDs) [Tr and AP] using multiplane CT scan reconstructions with a tridimensional correction of the declination. To evaluate the relationship between clinical variables and CT scan diameters of the tracheobronchial tree. To aid in the selection of a double-lumen tube of appropriate size. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Private and university hospitals. PATIENTS: A total of 206 patients (105 women and 101 men) undergoing a CT scan for medical investigations or preoperative evaluation. INTERVENTION: No intervention. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: TDs and LBDs are greater in men (p < 0.001). The Tr-TD is smaller than AP-TD for men (p < 0.001). The Tr-LBD is greater than AP-LBD in both sexes (p < 0.001). In men, height, Tr-TD, and AP-TD are predictive factors for Tr-LBD, while Tr-TD and AP-TD are the only predictive factors for AP-LBD. In women, Tr-TD and AP-TD are the only predictive factors for Tr-LBD and AP-LBD. The smallest LBD (ie, the lesser of the Tr-LBD or the AP-LBD [called the smallest LBD]) is the Tr-LBD in 25.2% of the cases. The mean (+/- SD) ratio of the smallest LBD/Tr-TD is 0.70 +/- 0.14 for men and 0.65 +/- 0.12 for women. The estimated (Est) LBD is calculated using this ratio. The mean value for Est-LBD minus the smallest LBD is 1.6 +/- 1.3 mm, and this difference is < 1 mm in 40% of male patients and 39% of female patients. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the left main bronchus is most often elliptic, and the smallest LBD cannot be accurately evaluated using patient characteristics or a ratio from TD.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1978

Inflammatory fibrous histiocytoma of the bronchus.

A 33 year-old woman underwent lobectomy of the middle and lower lobes of the right lung because of inflammatory fibrous histiocytoma of the bronchus. To our knowledge, this is the first description of such a tumor originating in the bronchus.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

TNF-alpha augments the expression of RhoA in the rat bronchus.

While nonspecific airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is a central feature of allergic bronchial asthma, the mechanism underlying the development of AHR is not clearly understood. We have previously demonstrated in vitro hyperresponsiveness of bronchial smooth muscle to acetylcholine (ACh) in rats that were actively sensitized and repeatedly challenged with aerosolized antigen. It has also been demonstrated that the ACh-induced, RhoA-mediated Ca(2+) sensitization is markedly augmented concomitantly with an increased expression and activation of RhoA protein in the bronchial smooth muscle of the antigen-treated rats. In the present study, we have investigated whether TNF-alpha, a proinflammatory cytokine which is involved in bronchial asthma, causes upregulation of RhoA mRNA and protein in the rat bronchus. Treatment of rat bronchial smooth muscle preparations with TNF-alpha (300 ng/ml for 24 hr) significantly shifted the concentration-response curve to ACh upwards, but did not alter the response to high K(+), when compared to that of control tissues. Levels of RhoA mRNA and protein in the TNF-alpha-treated bronchus were significantly greater than those in the control group. In conclusion, it is suggested that the augmentation of the ACh-induced contractile response evoked by TNF-alpha might be mediated by an upregulation of RhoA in rat bronchial smooth muscle.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1992

A case of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the bronchus producing cancer-associated antigen, CA19-9.

A 73-year-old male was admitted to Hyogo College of Medicine Hospital for further evaluation of chest x-ray abnormalities. Chest roentgenogram taken at admission showed right lower lobe atelectasis and bronchoscopic examination revealed an endobronchial tumor obstructing the left lower lobe bronchus. The biopsy specimen showed cribriform adenoid cystic carcinoma. The serum CA19-9 level was markedly elevated at admission, leading to immunohistochemical analysis of the biopsy specimen. As a result, in the tumor, CA19-9 was positively stained. This is probably the first reported case of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the bronchus which produces CA19-9.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Adenoid cystic carcinoma arising in the intrapulmonary bronchus.

A 63-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of a coin lesion in the intrapulmonary bronchus. The patient had no symptoms such as cough or sputum. Imaging studies showed that the tumor was present in the S10b,c of the right lung. There was no metastasis or salivary gland tumor. Transbronchial tumor biopsy revealed a primary adenoid cystic carcinoma. The patient underwent a lobectomy, and has been well since the operation. This is an uncommon case of primary adenoid cystic carcinoma arising from the intrapulmonary bronchus.

Bronchial Neoplasms↗
PubMed1979

Improvement in regional ventilation and perfusion after radiotherapy for unresectable carcinoma of the bronchus.

Ventilation/perfusion scans were obtained in 45 patients with unresectable carcinoma of the bronchus. Of these 45 patients, 35 were reinvestigated shortly after radiotherapy and 17 of them had additional later follow-up studies. Both ventilation and perfusion were always abnormal in the lung affected by the tumor; perfusion was usually more impaired than ventilation. These abnormalities were difficult to detect or to evaluate from the standard chest radiograph. After radiotherapy, ventilation improved in 83% and perfusion in 86% of the patients. This improvement was associated with amelioration of breathlessness, which improved in 74% of the patients. Slow but progressive deterioration of regional ventilation and perfusion were subsequently observed. This was often associated with the development of radiation fibrosis. Spirometric measurements (VC, FEV1) were moderately imparied at the initial assessment (83% and 66% of predicted, respectively), probably due to coexisting chronic airway obstruction, and did not show significant changes after radiotherapy or during the follow-up. Radionuclide studies of regional perfusion and ventilation proved more sensitive and more specific than tests of overall lung function for the functional assessment and follow-up of patients with unresectable carcinoma of the bronchus.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Posterior wall of the bronchus intermedius: radiographic-CT correlation.

The posterior wall of the bronchus intermedius (PWBI) is visible on lateral chest radiographs and computed tomographic (CT) scans and can become abnormally thickened in the presence of right hilar disease. The appearances of the PWBI on plain radiographs and CT were correlated in groups of 20 normal patients and 20 patients with a right hilar abnormality. Among 10 patients with an abnormal hilum who had thickening of the PWBI on CT, the lateral radiograph showed thickening of similar degrees in seven. However, in two of the 10, the lateral chest radiograph significantly underestimated the degree of thickening of the PWBI, and in one the PWBI was not visible. Among 10 patients with an abnormal right hilum who had no thickening of the PWBI on CT, the PWBI appeared to be abnormal on lateral chest radiographs in four because of adenopathy in the lateral or medial hilum. One other finding of note was the presence in one patient of an anomalous pulmonary vein passing posterior to the bronchus intermedius, simulating a small posterior hilar mass.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Stenosis of the right major bronchus from blunt trauma].

BACKGROUND: A severe blunt injury to the chest might cause rupture of the tracheobronchial tree. A certain time following the management of the injury, stenosis of the bronchi may develop at the site of the rupture. CASE REPORT: We reported a patient injured in a traffic accident. The injury was followed by the signs of pneumothorax, bleeding, and respiratory insufficiency. After the management of the injury using thoracal drainage, the condition of the injured was stabilized. Two weeks later, however, difficulties in breathing and fatigue occurred. Circular stenosis of the right major bronchus was clinically, radiographically and bronchoscopically confirmed. Right thoracotomy and circular resection of the major bronchus with termino-terminal anastomosis were performed. CONCLUSION: In severe blunt injuries to the chest, it is very important to suspect the injury of the tracheobronchial tree in order to correctly understand the clinical signs of an injury and to interprete a radiographic image of it, so as to decide upon the optimal treatment on time.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cellular schwannoma of the bronchus.

A cellular schwannoma in a bronchus of a 64-year-old female is reported with immunocytochemical and ultrastructural observations. One previous case arising in the lung has been reported. The tumor formed a 3-cm exophytic mass in a segmental bronchus. Pneumonectomy was performed. The tumor was moderately cellular and devoid of Verocay bodies, and the spindle cells were immunoreactive for S-100 protein. Electron microscopy revealed schwannian features that were less developed than in a classic schwannoma.

Bronchial Neoplasms↗
PubMed1981

Sleeve resection of the left main bronchus. A new technique.

Bronchial sleeve resection, as an isolated procedure or combined with lobectomy, is today a widely accepted treatment of endobronchial adenoma. Among the inherent technical problems is adequate ventilation of the contralateral lung after opening of the bronchus on the affected side. This problem is easily solved by using the Carlens double-lumen tracheal tube when a sleeve resection is planned on the right side or on the left side distally to the bifurcation of the main bronchus.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Independent and simultaneous unilateral occlusion of the pulmonary artery and extra-pulmonary primary bronchus in broilers.

Acutely tightening a snare around one pulmonary artery previously was shown to trigger a reversible ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch in broilers, as reflected by decreases in the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (hypoxemia), accompanied by increases in the hydrogen ion concentration (acidosis) and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (hypercapnia). In the present study, snares were loosely implanted around the right pulmonary artery and the right extrapulmonary primary bronchus in anesthetized male broilers. These snares were tightened and released independently and then simultaneously to evaluate the possibility that directing the entire respiratory minute volume toward the left lung might attenuate the V/Q mismatch caused by forcing the entire cardiac output (CO) through the left lung. Fully reversible arterial blood hypoxemia, acidosis, and hypercapnia occurred when either snare was tightened independently. Presumably, tightening the bronchial snare restricted ventilation but not blood flow to the right lung, thereby permitting blood to perfuse poorly ventilated gas exchange surfaces. Simultaneously tightening both snares triggered arterial blood hypoxemia, acidosis, and hypercapnia similar to or greater in magnitude than the responses obtained by tightening the pulmonary artery snare independently. Tightening either snare independently or both snares simultaneously caused pulmonary arterial pressure to increase (pulmonary hypertension), and permanent obstruction of one bronchus in a separate experiment caused an increase in the right:total ventricular weight ratio, which is indicative of chronic pulmonary hypertension. The mean systemic arterial pressure decreased when the pulmonary artery snare was tightened independently or in combination with the bronchial snare, but not when the bronchial snare was tightened independently. The respiratory rate increased and the heart rate decreased when the pulmonary artery snare was tightened independently, but not when the bronchial snare was tightened independently or in combination with the pulmonary artery snare. These results demonstrate that the V/Q mismatch caused by forcing all the CO to perfuse one lung cannot be attenuated by simultaneously directing the entire respiratory minute volume toward the same lung.

Acidosis↗