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PubMed1988

Some sources for a slip in a translation by Freud.

Among Freud's papers, we find instances in which Freud describes the "psychopathology of everyday life" as he found it in himself and in others. "A Religious Experience" (Freud, 1928) contains examples of both kinds. In addition, this paper contains a slip of which Freud appears to have been unaware. Freud's paper interprets a religious conversion described in a letter written to him in English. In the translation of this letter into German, Freud inserted material that was not present in the original. He mentions another slip he made in speaking about the letter. These slips and some associated details in the paper indicate persisting unconscious conflict. The content of these slips and details points to an association with Freud's childhood anxiety dream reported in The Interpretation of Dreams (Freud, 1900). Freud's associations and discussion of that dream lead to the Philippson Bible of his childhood, which provides additional connections to the paper of 1928.

Freudian Theory↗
PubMed2000

The hopeful pessimist: Christian pastoral theology in a pessimistic context.

Notes that contemporary caregivers minister in a situation characterized not only by cultural pessimism, but also by the decline of Christian pastoral theology. Argues that the current renewal in theology, which involves a shift to nonfoundationalism, holds promise for a corresponding renewal in pastoral theology that could lead to a retrieval of the unique grammar of the Christian practitioner; namely, the language of hope. Opines that nonfoundationalist Christian pastoral theology would set forth a hope that is particular, eschatological, and pessimistic in contrast to the foundationalist hope with its focus on the hopeful human person, a hope that is directed beyond the human toward the God of the Bible who promises life from the dead.

Attitude↗
PubMed1993

The family in hospital critical-care waiting areas.

Draws parallels between the phenomenon of waiting as recorded in the Bible and waiting as experienced by families in a hospital context. Provides caregivers with typologies related to waiting and draws from them pastoral implications for praxis.

Canada↗
PubMed1998

Developmental stages and spiritual coping responses among economically impoverished women living with HIV disease.

Identifies environmental markers, situational appraisals, perceived ability to mediate situations and outcomes, primary coping strategies, and purposes served by religion and spirituality in 10 HIV-positive women recruited from a regional health care clinic. Findings indicated that the women experienced a disintegration of family during their early developmental years, yielding feelings of hopelessness and isolation; that their sexual development was marked by rape and incest, and their early adulthood was characterized by failed relationships, pregnancies, drugs, and alcohol. Reports that the women's religious influences were predominantly maternal and provided a model for intercessory prayer. Notes that prior to their diagnosis of HIV, participants described their coping as escapist, while after diagnosis they believed there was a divine intercession renewing their spiritual growth and connectedness with others. Reports that the women's personal spirituality was greatly influenced by prayer, television ministries, and reading the Bible. Suggests the interventions that actively recruit women into social support services, health care systems, and faith congregations are needed and that television ministries may serve as access points for connecting women with necessary services.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1998

Aging, health, and the "electronic church".

We tested whether elders substitute religious media use for church attendance when health declines (using multidimensional disengagement theory) with data from a multiracial, population-based sample in the Bible Belt (N = 2,971). In adjusted models, 3-year declines in functional status were significantly associated with concurrent reduction in frequency of church attendance but not with any change in rates of religious media (TV/radio) use. Age-related declines in church attendance were substantively explained by declining functional ability. Changes in religious media use were independent of age and less sensitive to declining functional status or service attendance than to cultural heritage such as race, socioeconomic status, and rural upbringing. Our data do not support the hypothesis that elders with deteriorating health substitute increased engagement with religious media as their participation in organizational religious activities is reduced. However, applicability of the substitution hypothesis to other dimensions of nonorganizational religiousness (e.g., prayer) awaits similar scrutiny.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Developing an adequate "pneumatraumatology": understanding the spiritual impacts of traumatic injury.

Psychosocial interventions and systematic theology are primary resources for chaplains and congregational pastors who care for victims of physical trauma. Yet these resources may not be adequate to address the spiritual impacts of trauma. This article proposes a preliminary "pneumatraumatology," drawing on early Christian asceticism and Buddhist mysticism to describe one way of understanding the spiritual impacts of traumatic injury. It also suggests possible responses to these impacts informed by narrative/constructionist perspectives and Breggemann's understanding of the dimensions of spiritual transformation in the Hebrew Bible.

Buddhism↗
PubMed1985

Why teetotallers abstain.

Drinking practices and attitudes to alcohol among the members of a Southampton church were investigated by questionnaire (602 subjects) and by interviews (126 subjects). Teetotallers were older than drinkers, and included a higher proportion of women. They perceived their childhood upbringing and the teaching of the Bible as the main factors influencing them to abstain. Both teetotallism and alcoholism were more common among relatives of teetotallers than among relatives of social drinkers.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed2002

Correlates of self-perceptions of spirituality in American adults.

To advance knowledge in the study of spirituality and physical health, we examined sociodemographic, behavioral, and attitudinal correlates of self-perceptions of spirituality. Participants were a nationally representative sample of 1,422 adult respondents to the 1998 General Social Survey. They were asked, among other things, to rate themselves on the depth of their spirituality and the depth of their religiousness. Results indicated that, after adjustment for religiousness, self-perceptions of spirituality were positively correlated with being female (r = .07, p < .01), having a higher education (r = .12, p < .001), and having no religion (r = .10, p < .001) and inversely correlated with age (r = -.06, p < .05) and being Catholic (r = -.08, p < .01). After adjustment for these sociodemographic factors, self-perceptions of spirituality were associated with high levels of religious or spiritual activities (range in correlations = .12-.38, all p < .001), low cynical mistrust, and low political conservatism (both r = -.08, p < .01). The population was divided into 4 groups based on their self-perceptions of degree of spirituality and degree of religiousness. The spiritual and religious group had a higherfrequency of attending services, praying, meditating, reading the Bible, and daily spiritual experience than any of the other 3 groups (all differences p < .05) and had less distress and less mistrust than the religious-only group (p < .05 for both). However, they were also more intolerant than either of the nonreligious groups (p < .05 for both) and similar on intolerance to the religious-only group. We conclude that sociodemographicfactors could confound any observed association between spirituality and health and should be controlled. Moreover, individuals who perceive themselves to be both spiritual and religious may be at particularly low risk for morbidity and mortality based on their good psychological status and ongoing restorative activities.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Judaism, justice, and access to health care.

This paper develops the traditional Jewish understanding of justice (tzedakah) and support for the needy, especially as related to the provision of medical care. After an examination of justice in the Hebrew Bible, the values and institutions of tzedakah in Rabbinic Judaism are explored, with a focus on legal codes and enforceable obligations. A standard of societal responsibility to provide for the basic needs of all, with a special obligation to save lives, emerges. A Jewish view of justice in access to health care is developed on the basis of this general standard, as well as explicit discussion in legal sources. Society is responsible for the securing of access to all health care needed by any individual. Elucidation of this standard of need and corresponding societal obligations, and the significance of the Jewish model for the contemporary United States, are considered.

Beneficence↗
PubMed2004

Envy: one or many?

This paper reports conceptual and clinical research about envy. It consists of an examination and comparison of Klein's points of view of 1952, where the feeling of exclusion from the envious object is stressed, and of 1957, based on the split death instinct that is projected onto the envied object. These two approaches are contrasted with the point of view of the author, where envy is understood as the result of a particular kind of object relation, in which the subject registers an asymmetry with its peer, that he considers unfair, due to the biased action of an idealized omnipotent object, on whom the subject depends and that gives to the envied one, and deceives the envious one, leading to experiencing a compound of emotions: hatred, love, sense of unfairness, wish of revenge, helplessness and incapacity of the subject to provide for himself. The mental state just described emerges from clinical observations, and is illustrated with the passage from the Bible where Abel, the envied one, is killed by Cain, the envious one, showing their relationship with Jehovah, biased in his preferences, a situation designated by the author as 'Cain's complex'. In this paper some considerations are also made concerning the modalities of envy: penis envy in women, the relationship between envy and narcissism, the difference between envy and jealousy, and the interpretative handling of envy. To answer the question posed in the title, the conclusion is that envy presents a central nucleus with different elaborative branches.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

A ministry of memory: spiritual care for the older adult with dementia.

The primary focus of research related to spiritual and ministry needs of older people, historically and in the present, has been on those whose cognitive abilities are only minimally impaired. The older adult with a dementia like Alzheimer's disease, however, has not received as much attention. This may be related to a lack of any theoretical framework from which to understand what may be happening to a markedly confused person spiritually, and how a person with progressive cognitive impairment might still be able to maintain a relationship with God and be ministered to by a God who may only be remembered vaguely, if at all. Elderly persons with dementia with a faith background rooted in the Judeo-Christian worldview are often able to respond to various rituals of their faith, verbally, physically, and emotionally. Common practices like familiar prayers, Bible readings, hymns, and attendance at worship services where collective memory is shared can serve as memory joggers to reconnect the person, not only to the faith community, but to a faithful God. A spiritual care ministry to older people with dementia can be considered a ministry of memory.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Traditional veterinary medicine in the Near East: Jews, Arab Bedouins and Fellahs.

The authors review traditional veterinary medicine in the Near East region. The ancient Jewish sources--principally the Bible, the Talmud and other, more recent manuscripts--contain ample discussions of veterinary medicine and various aspects of the relations between humans and animals. These include zoonotic diseases, hygiene, intoxications, and various preventive and curative measures, as well as legislation and guidelines for the proper treatment of livestock. Arab shepherds, and particularly the Bedouins, have a long tradition of experience in the diagnosis and treatment of various ailments, predominantly using plant mixtures and fire branding.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Accidents and acts of God: a history of the terms.

Despite criticism from safety professionals, scientists continue to use the word accident, meaning an unexpected, unintended injury, or event. Some argue for its use based on tradition, but "traditional" arguments appear to be invalid given our examination of the history of the word and its companion phrase act of God in statistics, law, and religion. People who were interested in public health recognized in the 1600s that unintended injuries were neither random nor unexpected. Legal scholars in the 1800s saw the word was useless for technical purposes. The word does not appear in the Bible until the mid 1900s and then only in a para-phrased edition. Others have maintained that the meaning of accident is well understood, even though it has not been perfectly defined. We maintain that without a clear definition, people substitute an image, which may be distorted or damaging.

Accidents↗
PubMed1997

Threats and anti-semitic blaming.

A strategy for efficiently and effectively reducing anti-Semitic stereo-typing was presented, supported by the results of a questionnaire responded to by 15 randomly selected students between the ages of 18 and 32 years, at L.I.F.E. Bible College (associated with the Pentacostal Four-Square Church) in San Dimas, CA in 1993. Relationships predicted among stereotypic blaming and related threats were supported by the data--principally, that very negative combinations of common blamings called compound blamings, e.g., "Jews are rich because Jews are more dishonest," correlated significantly with a large group of far less negative anti-Semitic blamings and related threats. It was argued that a single compound blaming when deconditioned in a classroom, would be more effective in reducing over-all anti-Semitic blaming than deconditioning any other blaming or by using the more traditional group discussion or lecture methods for reducing prejudicial attitudes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

A dissection of the chapter "Tools for Research" in Peter Singer's Animal Liberation.

The book Animal Liberation, by philosopher Peter Singer, is frequently referred to as the bible of the animal liberation/rights movement(ALARM). Thus, Singer is regarded as a major moral standard-bearer of the ALARM. Some have suggested that his book provides "intellectual rigor" to the moral arguments for animals' equality with humans, which had previously been based largely on emotionalism and sentimentality. We have analyzed the contents of the chapter "Tools for Research" which criticizes the use of animals in biomedical research as well as for drug and product-safety testing. In order to discredit these practices, Singer "documents" his arguments with 138 "notes", some of which are to the same reference and others of which contain multiple references. Of the 132 difference references, we attempted to verify the accuracy of 49 of them. Of these, 16 (33%) were inaccurate or we could not find. In addition, Singer mischaracterizes the cited studies in various ways. He quotes selectively and out of context from numerous research projects. He never mentions the objectives of these projects, except occasionally when, in our opinion, he distorts or trivializes them. Singer also cites supposedly damning "evidence" published by other antivivisectionists, even though this "evidence" has been refuted in the literature. Singer supposedly embraces utilitarianism, a philosophy which holds that the harm done by a practice should be balanced against the gain realized from it. However, he makes virtually no attempt to consider objectively the benefits that have been realized from animal-based medical research and he greatly exaggerates the costs. To him, animal research is "all pain and no gain." We believe that Singer's moral arguments for animal equality are not convincing. The lack of objectivity and the reliance upon distortion and selective quotation that characterize Singer's "scholarship" are surprising when one considers that he presents himself as an ethicist and moralist.

Animal Rights↗
PubMed2002

What do expressions with north and northern people tell us?

The aim of this article is to study linguistic expressions which include the words North and Northern people. This is done by philological and linguistic analysis of the material, which consists of different types of written documents dating from different historical periods. The oldest historical documents were produced by the Ancient Roman writers, who wrote about wild tribes living in the North. The expression "the evil from the North" in the Bible is also used by the Fathers of the Church, when describing the Great Migrations. The most recent material consists of academic texts-dealing with the Northern dimension--and everyday texts--in this case, mostly of bread packages--referring among other things to people's nutrition and health. Expressions referring to the North are also present in modern material, but the negative association of the older documents is not so present. All the texts, both historical and modern, are discussed as a whole from Finnish and Scandinavian points of view. Semiotic aspects are highlighted by the use of some visual illustrations from the different texts in point.

Arctic Regions↗
PubMed1997

Use of analogy to educate clients about the roles of neurotransmitters in addictions.

1 The professional nurse who practices within the field of addictions is in an ideal position to serve as an educational conduit and catalyst for promoting understanding of the addictive process. 2 Historically, the use of analogy as a teaching device can be seen in the readings of the Bible to as far back as Plato. 3 The client's level of functioning must be assessed by the professional nurse so that any educational approach or intervention will be designed to meet the appropriate level of the client.

Brain↗
PubMed2005

Myrrh--Commiphora chemistry.

Myrrh and opopanax has been used throughout history in incense and as a perfume. Since Bible times it has been used for the treatment of wounds. The first attempts to identify content compounds were almost 100 years ago. In this review we discuss the present state of knowledge in the chemistry of substances of Commiphora spp.

Commiphora↗