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Results for “BASAL METABOLISM”

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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Concurrent resistance and endurance training influence basal metabolic rate in nondieting individuals.

Thirty physically active healthy men (20.1 +/- 1.6 yr) were randomly assigned to participate for 10 wk in one of the following training groups: endurance trained (ET; 3 days/wk jogging and/or running), resistance trained (RT; 3 days/wk resistance training), or combined endurance and resistance trained (CT). Before and after training, basal metabolic rate (BMR), percent body fat (BF), maximal aerobic power, and one-repetition maximum for bench press and parallel squat were determined for each subject. Urinary urea nitrogen was determined pre-, mid-, and posttraining. BMR increased significantly from pre- to posttraining for RT (7,613 +/- 968 to 8,090 +/- 951 kJ/day) and CT (7,455 +/- 964 to 7,802 +/- 981 kJ/day) but not for ET (7,231 +/- 554 to 7,029 +/- 666 kJ/day). BF for CT (12.2 +/- 3.5 to 8.7 +/- 1.7%) was significantly reduced compared with RT (15.4 +/- 2.7 to 14.0 +/- 2.7%) and ET (11.8 +/- 2.9 to 9.5 +/- 1.7%). Maximal aerobic power increased significantly for ET (13%) but not RT (-0.2%) or CT (7%), whereas the improvements in one-repetition maximum bench press and parallel squat were greater in RT (24 and 23%, respectively) compared with CT (19 and 12%, respectively). Urinary urea nitrogen loss was greater in ET (14.6 +/- 0.9 g/24 h) than in RT (11.7 +/- 1.0 g/24 h) and CT (11.5 +/- 1.0 g/24 h) at the end of 10 wk of training. These data indicate that, although RT alone will increase BMR and muscular strength, and ET alone will increase aerobic power and decrease BF, CT will provide all of these benefits but to a lesser magnitude than RT and ET after 10 wk of training.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Basal metabolic rate and organ size in Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii): Effects of photoperiod, temperature and diet quality.

This study examined the effects of photoperiod (long day [16 Light:8 Dark] and short day [8 Light:16 Dark]), temperature (cold [5 degrees C] and warm [23 degrees C]), and diet quality (high-fiber diet [36% neutral-detergent fiber (NDF)] and low-fiber diet [23% NDF]) on basal metabolic rate (BMR), digestible energy intake, and organ size in the Brandt's vole (Lasiopodomys brandtii). Cold increased BMR and showed a significant interaction with diet quality. Cold and short photoperiod increased intake of food and digestible energy. The high-fiber diet increased food intake, but decreased digestibility, and had no effects on digestible energy intake. Voles housed in the cold had heavier liver, kidneys and gastrointestinal segments but a lighter carcass. Segments of the gastrointestinal tract tended to be heavier when voles were fed the high-fiber diet. Voles housed in short photoperiod had lighter heart and kidneys but heavier gut segments. With the effects of body mass on BMR and organs was removed, BMR was significantly related to the dry mass of heart, liver, kidneys and cecum. Digestible energy intake was significantly related to the dry mass of kidneys and stomach. These significant relationships were also detected after removing the effects of body mass, temperature, photoperiod and diet quality. There was also a significant correlation between BMR and digestible energy intake. Our results suggest that variations in BMR reflected the evolution of metabolic machinery that induces higher energy intakes. The data also support the assimilation capacity model of endothermy.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Synergistic effect of polymorphisms in uncoupling protein 1 and beta3-adrenergic receptor genes on basal metabolic rate in obese Finns.

The polymorphisms in the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1, A to G) and beta3-adrenergic receptor (beta3-AR, Trp64Arg) genes have been suggested to be associated with an increased tendency to gain weight. We investigated the frequency of the A to G polymorphism of the UCP1 gene and its effect on basal metabolic rate (BMR) among obese Finns. We also examined the effects of the simultaneous occurrence of the polymorphisms in the UCP1 and beta3-AR genes on BMR. Altogether 170 obese subjects (29 men, 141 women, BMI 34.7beta3.8 kg/m2, age 43+/-8 years, mean+/-SD) participated in the study. The A to G substitution of the UCP1 gene was verified by digestion of the PCR product with Bcl I. The frequency of the A to G polymorphism of the UCP1 gene in obese subjects did not differ significantly from the population-based control subjects (5 vs 1 % for homozygotes (GG) and 35 vs 42 % for heterozygotes (AG), p=0.077, for trend). BMR adjusted for lean body mass, age and sex (adjBMR) was similar among the three UCP1 gene genotypes of obese subjects (AA n=90, AG n=72 or GG n=8). However, the subjects with the polymorphisms in both UCP1 and beta3-AR genes (n=18) had a 79 kcal/day (95% CI 30-128) lower adjBMR than the subjects without these polymorphisms (n=76) (1551+/-77 vs 1629+/-141 kcal/day, p=0.002). Furthermore, adjBMR was 63 kcal/day (95 % CI 7-118 kcal/day) lower in the subjects with both polymorphisms (n=18) compared with the subjects (n=14) who had only the polymorphism in the beta3-AR gene (1551+/-77 vs 1613+/-76 kcal/day, p=0.028). The A to G polymorphism of the UCP1 gene did not have an independent effect on BMR, but its simultaneous existence with the Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta3-AR gene resulted in more lowered BMR than the Trp64Arg polymorphism of beta3-AR gene alone.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Intensity of basal metabolism and ratio of oxidized energy substrates in children with craniocerebral trauma].

Twenty-five children aged 2-14 years with isolated and combined craniocerebral injury were examined. Some of them underwent urgent neurosurgical interventions. Mechanical injury and intervention were regarded as aggressive factors. The basic methods were indirect calorimetry and intravenous prolonged glucose and fat tolerance test. The results indicate that in general, the intensity of basal metabolism and the ratio of oxidized energy substrates in children with craniocerebral injury correspond to the course of standard postaggressive reaction. Time course of changes in RQ, structure and share of basic energy substrates in the total energy produced confirm a general biological regularity of postaggressive metabolism: fat is oxidized predominantly during the initial period, while on day 5 inversion of fat and glucose oxidation values is observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Effect of sodium chloride deficiency on basal metabolism in broiler chickens.

1. Male broiler chickens were given a sodium chloride-deficient or NaCl-adequate diet from 7 to 21 d of age in Expt 1 and 28 to 56 d of age in Expt 2. 2. NaCl-deficient chickens had a markedly poorer growth and food conversion efficiency than those given the NaCl-adequate diet. 3. NaCl deficiency was associated with an increase in basal metabolic rate and increases in oxygen consumption, heat production and respiratory quotients were also noted. The glycogen content of chicken livers was also higher. 4. MEasurements of acid-base balance were found to be changed in NaCl-deficient chickens. Values for pH and bicarbonate content in blood plasma were lowered. 5. NaCl deficiency increased the packed cell volume and thyroxine level in blood plasma. Sodium and chloride contents in blood were lowered. 6. Results are discussed in relation to the decreased food conversion in NaCl-deficient chickens.

Acid-Base Imbalance↗