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PubMed1987

Frequency and aetiology of injury in cross-country skiing.

A comparative analysis was carried out on 1263 injured downhill skiers and 85 cross-country skiers with regard to risk of injury, diagnosis, localization and age distribution. While 48% of the injuries to cross-country skiers involved the upper extremities, 77% of the injuries to downhill skiers involved lesions of the leg. Contusions accounted for 31.8% in the case of cross-country skiers, while 37.8% of downhill skiers suffered distortions, 22.8% sustained torn ligaments and 22.2% suffered fractures. A total of 57% of downhill skiers are under the age of thirty, while 87% of cross-country skiers are at least 30 years of age. Female cross-country skiers tend to suffer more injuries. The chief causes are falls on downhill slopes, but also on the level usually on icy or well-trodden courses. Another course is the ski getting caught. Good equipment, a good state of fitness and preparation, protection against hypothermia, appropriate choice of cross-country courses and cross-country skiing lessons are ways of preventing injuries.

Arm Injuries↗
PubMed2003

Long-term exercise training in persons with spinal cord injury: effects on strength, arm ergometry performance and psychological well-being.

STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial of exercise training in persons with spinal cord injury. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 9 months of twice-weekly exercise training on strength, arm ergometry performance, and indices of psychological well-being and quality of life. SETTING: Centre for Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. METHODS: Thirty-four men and women (aged 19-65 years) with traumatic spinal cord injury (C4-L1; ASIA A-D) of 1-24 years duration volunteered to participate, and were randomized into exercise (EX; n=21) and control (CON; n=13) groups. Twenty-three subjects (11 EX; 12 CON) successfully completed the 9-month study. Subjects were assessed for one repetition maximum (1RM) strength, arm ergometry performance, and several indices of quality of life and psychological well-being at baseline, 3, 6, and 9 months. RESULTS: At baseline, there were no significant differences between groups in age, submaximal arm ergometry performance, muscle strength, or psychological well-being. Following training, the EX group had significant increases in submaximal arm ergometry power output (81%; P<0.05), and significant increases in upper body muscle strength (19-34%; P<0.05); no significant changes occurred in CON. Participants in EX reported significantly less pain, stress and depression after training, and scored higher than CON in indices of satisfaction with physical function, level of perceived health and overall quality of life (P<0.05). Exercise adherence (per cent of prescribed sessions attended) in those subjects who completed the 9 months of training was 82.5%. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that long-term twice-weekly exercise training in this population is feasible, and results in significant gains in both physical and psychological well-being.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[An epidemiology study on limb injuries in infants aged 0 - 14 years old in Tengzhou area during 1994 - 1998].

OBJECTIVE: To find out epidemiological features on limb injuries in infants. METHODS: Stratified random sampling was carried out to investigate limb injuries in children aged 0 - 14 years old in four villages and townships, Tengzhou city Shandong province from 1994 to 1998. RESULTS: Results showed that the total rate of limb injuried was 2.96% with a ratio of male/female 3.20:1. The injury on arms was higher than on legs. The first three leading rates of injuries were falling, hurt by sharp stuff and traffic accidents. The highest rate of injury took place from May to October during the year. The rate of limb injuried seemed to be increasing with a disabled rate of 115.97/100,000. CONCLUSION: Measures should be taken to reduce the rate of injuries, according to the epidemiological findings.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1979

Radiographic diagnosis of closed muscle and tendon injuries of the upper arm.

The authors report their experiences with a special radiographic diagnostic technique with 74 closed muscle injuries. They discuss the normal anatomy and the possibility of verifying pathologic alterations with soft X-rays. This technique not only allows a diagnosis of the trauma, but also provides a basic background for estimation and evaluation of partial and total disability.

Aged↗