Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Appetitive Behavior”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

In utero development of fetal thirst and appetite: potential for programming.

Thirst and appetite-mediated ingestive behavior develop and are likely programmed in utero, thus preparing for newborn and adult ingestive behavior. Fetal swallowing activity is markedly different from that of the adult, as spontaneous fetal swallowing occurs at a markedly (six-fold) higher rate compared with spontaneous adult drinking activity. This high rate of fetal swallowing is critical for the regulation of amniotic fluid volume and the development of the fetal gastrointestinal tract. Disordered fetal swallowing has been associated with both a decrease (oligohydramnios) and increase (polyhydramnios) in amniotic fluid volume. Both conditions are associated with a significant increase in perinatal morbidity and mortality, and limited treatment modalities are currently available. The mechanisms underlying the high rate of human fetal swallowing are regulated, in part, by tonic activity of central angiotensin II, glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Fetal hypertonicity-mediated dipsogenesis is likely programmed in utero, as offspring of water-restricted ewes demonstrate a programmed syndrome of plasma hypertonicity, with significant hematologic and cardiovascular alterations. Similar to dipsogenic mechanisms, peripheral and central fetal orexic mechanisms also develop in utero, as demonstrated by increased fetal swallowing after both oral sucrose infusion and central injection of neuropeptide Y. The role of leptin in regulating fetal ingestive behavior is interesting because, contrary to actions in adults, leptin does not suppress fetal ingestive behavior. Teleologically, this may be of value during the newborn period, as unopposed appetite stimulatory mechanisms may facilitate rapid fetal and newborn weight gain. An adverse intrauterine environment, with altered fetal orexic factors during the critical developmental period of fetal life, may alter the normal setpoints of appetitive behavior and potentially lead to programming of adulthood hyperphagia and obesity. Further research is needed to delineate the mechanistic relationship between the intrauterine environment and the development of the setpoints of adult appetite and thirst.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Responses in the optic tectum of the salamander Hydromantes italicus to moving prey stimuli.

In the tectum opticum of Hydromantes italicus neurons were recorded extracellularly which responded selectively to moving visual stimuli. Part of the recorded cells were marked iontophoretically by means of alcian-blue dye for anatomical localization. Out of a total of 110 neurons six groups could be distinguished which preferred the square stimulus but differed strongly in their responses to rectangles oriented either vertically or horizontally. Two of these groups showed stimulus preference inversion if the stimulus velocity was changed. These response patterns displayed characteristic differences with those known in other amphibia, well corresponding to differences in the prey catching behaviors.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Effect of response-independent candy on responding maintained by candy using a novel model of commodity acquisition and consumption in nonhuman primates.

Ingestive behavior consists of appetitive or foraging behavior, i.e., "acquisition," followed by consummatory behavior. Responding of six adult rhesus monkeys, living in three-chambered enclosures, was studied under an operant chain schedule that simulated commodity acquisition and commodity consumption. Responding during the initial acquisition component was reinforced by stimuli paired with that commodity, while responding during the following consumption component was reinforced with that commodity. Throughout the 10-h experimental day, monkeys experienced multiple candy (plain M & Ms) and fruit-drink (Kool-Aid) sessions in different end chambers. The effects of response-independent candy reinforcement, in the context of extinction, were examined when monkeys received a daily food ration of 8 or 20 chow. Response-independent candy increased responding during the acquisition components of candy sessions when monkeys received a daily food ration of 8 chow but not when the food ration was 20 chow. Furthermore, response-independent candy increased candy choice over fruit-drink during choice opportunities and increased the length of time spent in the candy chamber when the candy stimulus lights were illuminated under both food ration conditions, i.e., location preference. The present procedure, which combines operant and place preference measures of commodity acquisition, when used in combination with methods of studying reinstatement of responding, may prove useful in analyzing factors affecting relapse.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Comparison of emotional responses in monkeys with rhinal cortex or amygdala lesions.

Four emotionally arousing stimuli were used to probe the behavior of monkeys with bilateral ablations of the entorhinal and perirhinal cortex. The monkeys' behavioral changes were then contrasted with those observed earlier (M. Meunier, J. Bachevalier, E. A. Murray, L. Málková, & M. Mishkin, 1999) in monkeys with either neurotoxic or aspiration lesions of the neighboring amygdala. Rhinal cortex ablations yielded several subtle behavioral changes but none of them resembled any of the disorders typically seen after amygdalectomies. The changes produced by rhinal damage took mainly the form of heightened defensiveness and attenuated submission and approach responses; that is, just the opposite of some of the most distinctive symptoms following amygdala damage. These findings raise the possibility that the rhinal cortex and amygdala have distinct, interactive functions in normal behavioral adaptation to affective stimuli.

Aggression↗
PubMed1965

EATOMETER: A DEVICE FOR CONTINUOUS RECORDING OF FREE-FEEDING BEHAVIOR.

Minor modifications of a commercially available food cup permit automatic recording of a rat's contacts with common dry food. It is thus possible to measure the frequency and duration of the "meals" that rats take over extended periods of time, and, in conjunction with existing devices for measuring drinking, to record contingencies between eating and drinking.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Peripheral control of the feeding behavior of fresh water mollusks].

Appetitive and consummatory feeding behavior was shown to be initiated by stimulation of different loci. Feeding programs were different in their motor output frequency in P. corneus and L. stagnalis stagnalis. The maintenance of the feeding program was provided by sensory input. In contrast to the insect flight generator, the feeding neuronal program had no peripheral regulation system in freshwater snails, its feeding program being more autonomic from peripheral influences than the flight motor program in insects.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Differential effects of D1 and D2 dopamine-receptor agonists and antagonists on appetitive and consummatory aspects of male sexual behavior in Japanese quail.

Pharmacological studies in Japanese quail based on behavioral tests with a variety of dopaminergic compounds suggest that the activation of D2 dopamine receptors inhibits, and the activation of D1 dopamine receptors enhances, appetitive and consummatory components of male sexual behavior. This hypothesis was tested by studying the behavioral effects of specific D1 and D2 dopaminergic-receptor agonists and antagonists in castrated male Japanese quail chronically treated with exogenous testosterone (subcutaneous Silastic implants). The effects of 5 compounds were tested: 1 D1 (SKF38393) and 2 D2 (PPHT and quinpirole) agonists, and 1 D1 (SCH23390) and 1 D2 (Spiperone) antagonist. All compounds were tested at a low and a high dose (0.1 and 1 mg/kg, respectively, for all drugs, except spiperone where the doses were 2 and 10 mg/kg). A consistent effect of all drugs on consummatory sexual behavior was observed: it was stimulated by the D1 agonist and the D2 antagonist, but inhibited by the D1 antagonist and the D2 agonists. Far fewer effects of the treatments were detected on the measures of appetitive behavior. Measures of appetitive behavior were decreased by the 2 D2 agonists, but not affected by the other treatments. These data suggest that male copulatory behavior in quail is stimulated by dopamine acting on D1 receptors, but inhibited by activation of the D2 receptor subtype. The partial dissociation observed between the effects of the same treatments on appetitive and consummatory aspects of sexual behavior also suggests that these 2 behavioral systems may be controlled by the action of dopamine on different neuronal systems.

2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-ben↗
PubMed1987

Maternal and nutritional contributions to infant rats' activational responses to ingestion.

Infant rats deprived of food, maternal care, and the opportunity to suckle display a dramatic behavioral activation and vigorously ingest when provided milk through oral cannulas. These experiments assessed which components of deprivation are important in producing these responses to milk. Nutritional deprivation alone, with or without the presence of an active maternal female, appears to be sufficient to produce ingestion. Behavioral activation, on the other hand, appears to require both nutritional deprivation and deprivation from a maternal female. The effect of maternal stimulation on later behavioral reactivity was not a function of the pups' opportunity to suckle. However, active maternal stimulation was more effective in preventing activation than was passive maternal stimulation (e.g., thermotactile and olfactory stimulation). Stimulation provided by an active, nonlactating mother was effective in preventing behavioral activation, but the effect was short-lived, lasting only 2 hr after the pup was removed from the mother's care. This series of studies thus reveals that identified components of maternal separation have dissociable effects on appetitively motivated behaviors in infant rats.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1993

Nonnutritive sucking by the calf and postprandial secretion of insulin, CCK, and gastrin.

Early weaned calves were allowed to suck on a dry rubber teat after drinking milk, and samples of blood from the hepatic portal vein and from the jugular vein were assayed for insulin, CCK, and gastrin to determine if nonnutritive sucking affected digestive hormone secretion. Postprandial changes in concentrations of all hormones showed a biphasic response with an initial rapid increase, later followed by a slower increase. In the portal vein, peak postprandial concentrations of insulin and concentrations of CCK 60 min after the meal were higher when the calves could suck the teat after the meal. There was a positive correlation between the time spent sucking the teat and the increase in insulin and CCK concentrations. Nonnutritive sucking did not significantly increase gastrin concentrations, nor were concentrations of insulin and CCK in the jugular vein affected. The performance of normal appetitive feeding behavior can directly affect digestive hormone secretion even if nutrient intake is not affected. Deprivation of normal sucking behavior cannot be assumed to be inconsequential for the well being of calves.

Animal Welfare↗