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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Web-based access to an online atlas of anatomy: the Digital Anatomist Common Gateway Interface.

A World Wide Web Common Gateway Interface package is described for accessing existing online interactive atlases of anatomy. The Web interface accesses the same 2-D and 3-D images of human neuroanatomy, knee anatomy and thoracic viscera that are currently accessed by a custom interactive atlas in distance learning courses. Although the Web interface is too slow to replace the existing atlas, it provides a parallel access path that has much broader potential for development of a distributed distance learning network in anatomy. By maintaining both access methods to the same information sources we continue to satisfy the fast interactivity needs for our local courses, while at the same time providing a migration path to the Web as the capabilities of Web browsers evolve.

Anatomy, Artistic↗
PubMed2025

A single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas of the adult Aedes aegypti mosquito.

The female Aedes aegypti mosquito's remarkable ability to hunt humans and transmit pathogens relies on her unique biology. Here, we present the Aedes aegypti Mosquito Cell Atlas, a comprehensive single-nucleus RNA sequencing dataset of more than 367,000 nuclei from 19 dissected tissues of adult female and male Aedes aegypti, providing cellular-level resolution of mosquito biology. We identify novel cell types and expand our understanding of sensory neuron organization of chemoreceptors to all sensory tissues. Our analysis uncovers male-specific cells and sexually dimorphic gene expression in the antenna and brain. In female mosquitoes, we find that glial cells in the brain, rather than neurons, undergo the most extensive transcriptional changes following blood feeding. Our findings provide insights into the cellular basis of mosquito behavior and sexual dimorphism. The Aedes aegypti Mosquito Cell Atlas resource enables systematic investigation of cell type-specific expression across all mosquito tissues.

Aedes aegypti↗
PubMed2026

Integrated Immunotherapy Target Atlas for Ewing Sarcoma.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Ewing sarcoma is a fusion-driven malignancy with low tumor mutational burden, making recurrent tumor-associated antigens with favorable tumor-to-normal contrast central to immunotherapy development. We converted the Deng et al.-defined 32-gene Ewing Sarcoma Specific Signature (ESS32) into a practical target atlas by integrating tumor RNA expression with normal-tissue context, protein evidence, subcellular localization, and therapeutic accessibility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 38-gene set was analyzed, including ESS32 and six comparator antigens (STEAP1, LINGO1, PRAME, CD99, CD276/B7-H3, and ENPP1). Eight Gene Expression Omnibus datasets (n=854 samples) were assigned predefined roles spanning tumor-versus-skeletal-muscle comparison, broad normal-organ context, EWSR1::FLI1 perturbation, tumor-only support cohorts, cell-line models, and cross-sarcoma comparison. Results were overlaid with Human Protein Atlas and published proteomic/surfaceome evidence. RESULTS: In GSE17674, the strongest tumor-enriched transcripts included NKX2-2, NPY1R, STEAP1, RBM11, RNF182, LIPI, CD99, STEAP2, LOXHD1, and DCDC2. Normal-tissue and compartment data substantially reordered RNA-only ranking. NKX2-2 showed the strongest Ewing-associated signal but encodes a nuclear transcription factor, favoring peptide-HLA/T-cell receptor (TCR) or vaccine development. RBM11 and LIPI emerged as high-interest intracellular/secretome-associated candidates, with an explicit epididymal/male reproductive caveat for LIPI. CD99 and NPY1R illustrated normal-cell reservoir and receptor-distribution constraints. CONCLUSION: ESS32 should be interpreted as an EWSR1::FLI1-associated RNA discovery set, not as a pre-validated target panel. Practical nomination requires integration of RNA enrichment, normal-tissue distribution, protein evidence, cellular compartment, and modality compatibility before nomination of TCR, vaccine, antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), radioligand, or validation-first candidates.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

Transverse process of the atlas(C1)--an important surgical landmark of the upper neck.

BACKGROUND: The internal carotid artery, the internal jugular vein, and the spinal accessory nerve are the main structures that are preserved in conservative neck dissections. In the upper neck, one surgical landmark used to find these structures is the transverse process of a cervical vertebral body. There is controversy about the origin of the transverse process in the upper neck. METHODS: We applied three-dimensional computerized tomography (3-D CT), an intraoperative navigational system and cadaver dissection of the neck to clarify the controversy. RESULTS: The origin of the transverse process was from the atlas (C1). CONCLUSIONS: The transverse process of the atlas is an important surgical landmark in the upper neck. The neurovascular bundle is located anteriorly. The transverse process of the axis (C2) is less prominent and is situated antero-inferior to the spinal accessory nerve where the nerve emerges from the posterior border of the internal jugular vein.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1993

Functional neurosurgery using 3-D computer stereotactic atlas.

To facilitate a full-scale representation of thalamic nuclei and surrounding subcortical structures in the course of stereotactic procedures, a 3-D computer atlas of this region has been created, which permits visualization of the operative field including the involved structures and the position of the instrument. Necessary adaptation is performed according to the position of the intracranial reference points derived from CT-scan. Working with the atlas permitted more accurate and safer surgery. An IBM PC/AT computer was used.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Osteoblastoma of the atlas.

A case of cervical spine (atlas) osteoblastoma in a 14-year-old patient is reported. Osteoblastoma is a rare primary bone tumour and in young patients it mainly occurs in the spine. Occurrence in the cervical tract is uncommon and in the atlas it is very rare. Only two other cases were found in our literature review.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Fissures in the anterior arch of the atlas diagnosed by careful study of the lateral radiographs.

Fissures in the anterior arch of the atlas are rare. The defect can properly be diagnosed on axial radiographs and can be suspected in studying carefully the lateral x-ray. The developmental cause of the split anterior arch and its clinical significance are discussed. A median cleft, analogous to a fissure in the anterior arch of the atlas, may also occur in the proatlas, as shown in one case.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Congenital hypoplasia of the arch of the atlas with abnormal segmentation of the cervical spine.

We describe a 53-year-old Japanese woman with absence of the posterior arch of the atlas. Computed tomography revealed that the residual posterior fragment which was displaced to the right side does not correspond to a rare ossification center in the midline and that there was no clear mass of the posterior arch except for a small fragment. Moreover, the midline center was not demonstrated as a soft tissue mass. Easy tilting of the posterior fragment on flexion-extension movement suggests that the cartilaginous arch was not present between the lateral masses and the posterior fragment of the atlas. These observations support the hypothesis that hypoplastic development of the arch plays a major role in the pathogenesis of this anomaly rather than incomplete ossification. Abnormal segmentation of the vertebrae may be implicated in the etiology of this condition, since fusion of the anterior vertebral masses between the C5-6 levels, as shown in Klippel-Feil syndrome, is also observed.

Cervical Atlas↗
PubMed2001

Combined asymptomatic congenital anterior and posterior deficiency of the atlas.

Atlas anomalies in terms of clefts and aplasia are rare. They can sometimes simulate fractures and need further evaluation. Imaging in terms of CT and MR can help resolve diagnostic confusion and also outline associated neurological involvement. A rare anomaly of anterior and posterior atlas arch, previously unclassified, is presented.

Cervical Atlas↗
PubMed2005

Gross morphology of the bridges over the vertebral artery groove on the atlas.

The bony bridges of the atlas over the "groove of the vertebral artery" are commonly seen in plain radiographs of the cervical spine, and it is a subject of controversy whether they cause compression of the underneath lying vertebral artery. To clarify this we examined a total of 176 dried and complete atlas vertebrae and found the presence of a "canal for the vertebral artery" (CVA) in 10.23% and an incomplete "canal for the vertebral artery" in 24.43%. The CVA and incomplete CVA is more common in males (11.11% and 24.9%) than in females (9.3% and 24.42%). We found a higher incidence of CVA in laborers (37.5%) than in nonlaborers (4.16%). The incomplete CVA appeared to be more characteristic in the age group of 5-44 years. In the age group of 45-90 years the CVA was characteristic, which probably means that an incomplete CVA is the precursor of a CVA. The superoinferior diameter of the CVA canal ranged from 5.1 to 6.1 mm at the right side and from 4.6 to 5.8 mm at the left side, while the anteroposterior diameter was 5.6-6.9 mm at the right side and 6.1-7.2 mm at the left side. We also found a high incidence of coexistence of CVA and the "retrotransverse foramen" (72.22%) which means that because of possible compression of the vertebral veins the blood flow is directed into the small vein of the retrotransverse foramen. Finally, in 93.5% of unilateral CVA a deeply excavated contralateral "groove of the vertebral artery" was found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Os odontoideum with bipartite atlas and segmental instability: a case report.

We report on the case of a 15-year-old adolescent who presented with a transient paraplegia and hyposensibility of the upper extremities after sustaining a minor hyperflexion trauma to the cervical spine. Neuroimaging studies revealed atlantoaxial dislocation and ventral compression of the rostral spinal cord with increased cord signal at C1/C2 levels caused by an os odontoideum, as well as anterior and posterior arch defects of the atlas. The patient underwent closed reduction and posterior atlantoaxial fusion. We describe the association of an acquired instability secondary to an os odontoideum with an anteroposterior spondyloschisis of the atlas and its functional result after 12 months. The rare coincidence of both lesions indicates a multiple malformation of the upper cervical spine and supports the theory of an embryologic genesis of os odontoideum.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Horizontal fracture of the anterior arch of the atlas associated with a congenital cleft of the anterior arch.

We report a rare combination of a horizontal fracture of the anterior arch of the atlas associated with a congenital cleft of the anterior arch. Sagittally reformatted computed tomography (CT) images demonstrated a fracture of the anterior arch of the atlas and a type II odontoid process fracture. There was also a smoothly marginated midline cleft of the anterior arch just above the fracture consistent with a congenital variant. 3D CT images were helpful in the evaluation of the fractures and the developmental variant. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a spinal cord injury. The patient underwent posterior C1-C2 fusion.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed2006

Axial loading with hyperflexion injury to the atlas resulting in crushed lateral masses.

A 40-year-old man was involved in an ATV accident, in which he landed on the top of his head. There was no neurological deficit. A plain radiograph showed prevertebral soft tissue swelling at the atlas and axis level. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated vertical fractures of the anterior aspects of both lateral masses of the atlas, extending to the junction of the lateral mass with the anterior arch bilaterally. There was no lateral offset of the lateral masses. The mechanism of injury is believed to be axial loading along with hyperflexion.

Accidents↗
PubMed1978

The clinical use of a craniofacial growth atlas.

A method of using normative growth data from An Atlas of Craniofacial Growth in planning orthodontic treatment and monitoring growth and response to therapy has been presented. Since the Atlas contains data on many cephalometric variables for both sexes from the ages of 6 to 16 years, the clinician can use any popular cephalometric diagnostic analysis for individualized diagnosis, treatment planning, and assessment of results. A practical example has been shown, applying the method to a young girl wearing a Frankel appliance during the first phase of treatment.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

A forthcoming cross-sectional atlas correlating CT scans with anatomical structures.

With the development of the whole-body CAT (computerized axial tomographic) scanner, a need has arisen for a cross-sectional anatomy book that correlates acutal CT scans with detailed anatomical structures. This article describes a forthcoming cross-sectional atlas using CT scans of normal living human volunteers. After a preliminary discussion of such considerations as some fundamental differences between cross-sectional anatomy and conventional anatomy and the relationship between cross-sectional anatomy and computerized tomography, there is an explanation of the textual format. This section includes a description of the presentations on the pages, the use of color in the scans, and the use of certain advanced features of the ACTA-Scanner, the scanner used for the atlas. The final part of the article illustrates sample scans and a diagram from the forthcoming test.

Anatomy↗
PubMed2007

A congenital anomaly of the atlas as a diagnostic dilemma: a case report.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this case report is to draw attention to the differences between a Jefferson fracture and a congenital anomaly of the anterior and/or the posterior arch of the atlas. CLINICAL FEATURES: A 42-year-old woman visited the chiropractic practice complaining of headache, neck pain, dizziness, and numbness in both of her arms after she fell vertically and directly on her head twice on a playground. Before this fall, she had no such complaints. After taking x-rays of the cervical spine, a Jefferson fracture was suspected. INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME: After computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scanning, the patient was diagnosed with a congenital anomaly that looked very similar to a Jefferson fracture. After instability of the cervical spine was excluded by the neurosurgeon, chiropractic treatment was delivered. After 6 treatments, the complaints were significantly reduced. CONCLUSION: It is important to be familiar with the differences between a congenital anomaly of the atlas and a Jefferson fracture and to exclude instability of the upper cervical spine before treatment is started.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Development and evaluation of an automated atlas-based image analysis method for microPET studies of the rat brain.

An automated method for placement of 3D rat brain atlas-derived volumes of interest (VOIs) onto PET studies has been designed and evaluated. VOIs representing major structures of the rat brain were defined on a set of digitized cryosectioned images of the rat brain. For VOI placement, each PET study was registered with a synthetic PET target constructed from the VOI template. Registration was accomplished with an automated algorithm that maximized the mutual information content of the image volumes. The accuracy and precision of this method for VOI placement was determined using datasets from PET studies of the striatal dopamine and hippocampal serotonin systems. Each evaluated PET study could be registered to at least one synthetic PET target without obvious failure. Registration was critically dependent upon the initial position of the PET study relative to the synthetic PET target, but not dependent on the amount of synthetic PET target smoothing. An evaluation algorithm showed that resultant radioactivity concentration measurements of selected brain structures had errors=2% due to misalignment with the corresponding VOI. Further, radioligand binding values calculated from these measurements were found to be more precise than those calculated from measurements obtained with manually drawn regions of interest (ROIs). Overall, evaluation results demonstrated that this atlas-derived VOI method can be used to obtain unbiased measurements of radioactivity concentration from PET studies. Its automated features, and applicability to different radioligands and brain regions, will facilitate quantitative rat brain PET assessment procedures.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spatial registration of digital brain atlases based on fuzzy set theory.

We present a semiautomatic method based on fuzzy set theory for adjusting a computerized brain atlas to magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of the human cerebral cortex. The atlas was registered to three-dimensional MRI data sets of 10 healthy volunteers. After a global matching using the external contour of the brain, several local procedures were performed regarding selected primary furrows and cytoarchitectonic areas. The final transformation matrix was calculated with respect to these anatomical structures and to their local matrices. Evaluation revealed an increase in accuracy as expressed by a reduction of the visible mismatch with respect to the registration of cortical and subcortical brain structures.

Atlases as Topic↗