Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ANTISEPTICS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Compound action potential input-output decruitment. Effect of topically applied antiseptics.

The ototoxic effect of povidone-iodine antiseptics topically applied to the chinchilla round window was examined with particular emphasis on the action potential (AP) input-output function at 2 and 4 kHz. A group of chinchillas exhibited a marked elevation of AP threshold at 8 and 12 kHz, with only a slight threshold elevation at 2 and 4 kHz. A distinct decruitment (less than normal growth of response with increasing sound intensity) of the AP input-output function was, however, found at the lower frequencies. There are implications of an ototoxically induced high-frequency hearing loss on speech frequencies.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed2005

Effect of antiseptic handwashing vs alcohol sanitizer on health care-associated infections in neonatal intensive care units.

BACKGROUND: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga, recommend use of waterless alcohol hand products in lieu of traditional handwashing for patient care, but there are few data demonstrating the impact of this recommendation on health care-associated infections. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of 2 hand hygiene regimens on infection rates and skin condition and microbial counts of nurses' hands in neonatal intensive care units. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Clinical trial using a crossover design in 2 neonatal intensive care units in Manhattan, NY, from March 1, 2001, to January 31, 2003, including 2932 neonatal hospital admissions (51 760 patient days) and 119 nurse participants. INTERVENTION: Two hand hygiene products were tested: a traditional antiseptic handwash and an alcohol hand sanitizer. Each product was used for 11 consecutive months in each neonatal intensive care unit in random order. RESULTS: After adjusting for study site, birth weight, surgery, and follow-up time, there were no significant differences in neonatal infections between the 2 products; odds ratios for alcohol compared with handwashing were 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77-1.25) for any infection, 0.99 (95% CI, 0.77-1.33) for bloodstream infections, 1.61 (95% CI, 0.57-5.54) for pneumonia, 1.78 (95% CI, 0.94-3.37) for skin and soft tissue infections, and 1.26 (95% CI, 0.42-3.76) for central nervous system infections. The skin condition of participating nurses was significantly improved during the alcohol phase (P = .02 and P = .049 for observer and self-assessments, respectively), but there were no significant differences in mean microbial counts on nurses' hands (3.21 and 3.11 log(10) colony-forming units for handwashing and alcohol, respectively; P = .38). CONCLUSIONS: Infection rates and microbial counts on nurses' hands were equivalent during handwashing and alcohol phases, and nurses' skin condition was improved using alcohol. However, assessing the impact on infection rates of a single intervention is challenging because of multiple contributory factors such as patient risk, unit design, and staff behavior. Other practices such as frequency and quality of hand hygiene are likely to be as important as product in reducing risk of cross-transmission.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Wound infection in emergency appendicectomy: a prospective trial with tropical ampicillin and antiseptic solution irrigation.

A randomized controlled trial in 374 patients requiring emergency appendicectomy to determine the value of topical ampicillin and an antiseptic solution of chlorhexidine and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (Savlon) in preventing wound infection is reported. The application of 1 g of ampicillin powder to the wound significantly reduced wound infection in perforated appendicitis, but not in unperforated appendicitis. Wound irrigation with 1% cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide was ineffective in preventing wound infection in all grades of appendicitis. When wound contamination is difficult to avoid, as in perforated appendicitis, topical ampicillin should be used to reduce the rate of wound infection.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1983

Antiseptics in the treatment of bacterial peritonitis in rats.

A controlled mixed peritoneal infection was produced by inoculation of bacteria into the peritoneum and peritonitis was allowed to become established. A laparotomy was performed and peritoneal toilet with a variety of agents was carried out. Local povidone-iodine in the inflamed peritoneum proved to be not only of no benefit but, in fact, to be toxic. In the standard concentrations recommended it proved lethal. Noxythiolin 2.5 per cent also had no beneficial effect. There was a significant difference between the effect of povidone-iodine when instilled into an inflamed peritoneum and instillation into the intact peritoneal cavity. We would advise caution in the use of these antiseptics in any situation in which local defence mechanisms have been compromised as a result of established infection.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Biocompatibility and other properties of acrylic bone cements prepared with antiseptic activators.

Acrylic bone cements prepared with activators of reduced toxicity have been formulated with the aim of improving the biocompatibility of the final material. The activators used were N,N-dimethylaminobenzyl alcohol (DMOH) and 4,4'-dimethylamino benzydrol (BZN). The toxicity, cytotoxicity, and antiseptic action of these activators were first studied. DMOH and BZN presented LD50 values 3-4 times higher than DMT, were less cytotoxic against polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and possessed an antimicrobial character, with a high activity against the most representative microorganisms involved in postoperative infections. The properties of the acrylic bone cements formulated with DMOH and BZN were evaluated to determine the influence of these activators on the curing process and the physicochemical characteristics of the cements. A decrease of the peak temperature was observed for the curing with DMOH or BZN with respect to that of one commercially available formulation (CMW 3). However, residual monomer content and mechanical properties in tension and compression were comparable to those of CMW 3. The biocompatibility of acrylic bone cements containing DMOH or BZN was studied and compared with CMW 3. To that end, intramuscular and intraosseous implantation procedures were carried out and the results were obtained from the histological analysis of the surrounding tissues at different periods of time. Implantation of rods of cement into the dorsal muscle of rats showed the presence of a membrane of connective tissue, which increased in collagen fibers with time of implantation, for all formulations. The intraosseous implantation of the cements in the dough state in the femur of rabbits, revealed a higher and early osseous neoformation, with the presence of osteoid material surrounding the rest of the cured material, for the cement prepared with the activator BZN in comparison with that obtained following the implantation of the cement cured with DMOH or DMT (CMW 3).

Alcohols↗
PubMed1978

Simultaneous programmed temperature GLC assay of phenol, chloroxylenol, and lidocaine hydrochloride in topical antiseptic cream.

A simultaneous programmed temperature GLC assay for the active ingredients in a topical antiseptic cream is described. The sample is extracted directly using a dimethyl sulfoxide solution of p-cresol, 4-chlorophenol, and 2-amino-4-phenylthiazole as internal standards for phenol, chloroxylenol, and lidocaine hydrochloride, respectively. The resulting solution is chromatographed by temperature programming on an OV-225 column from 90 to 225 degrees. The internal standard calculation is accomplished using peak heights or peak areas. The relative standard deviation of all assays is less than 2%.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1979

Quantitative determination of hexylresorcinol in commercial antiseptic solution by high-pressure liquid chromatography.

High-pressure liquid chromatography was used with a 5-micron silica gel column to quantitate hexylresorcinol in a commercial antiseptic solution following extraction with methylene chloride. This method shows linearity to at least 0.025% hexylresorcinol. A mobile phase consisting of 63% heptane, 34% chloroform, and 5% methanol was used with a UV detector (254 nm) and a flow of 3 ml/min. No interfering substances were observed.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1983

Permeation of skin and eschar by antiseptics II: influence of controlled burns on the permeation of phenol.

The safe antiseptic use of phenol over the burn-traumatized surface depends on knowledge of how the systemic accumulation of phenol is affected by burn processes. To gain insight into the underlying permeation phenomenon, the diffusion of phenol and a reference cosolute, methanol, through both scalded and branded dorsal skin sections of the hairless mouse was studied as a function of burn temperature using in vitro diffusion cells. Temperatures up to 100 and 150 degrees were used for scalding and branding, respectively, using a 60-sec; exposure time. Permeability coefficients of the traumatized skins were assessed at 37 degrees and compared with control values. Coefficients of both permeating species were not increased significantly by burn temperatures up to 70 degrees applied either by scalding or branding, however, at higher temperatures exaggerated increases in permeation rates were noted. A limiting increase of approximately 7 times the control value was noted for phenol irrespective of the burn method. Permeability of methanol was altered even more dramatically and at 100 degrees by scalding and 150 degrees by branding was over 50 times the control rate. At 80 and 100 degrees for methanol and at 80 degrees for phenol, scalding produced larger increases in the permeability coefficients than branding. Since contact for 1 min at 60 degrees is capable of producing a full-thickness burn injury, it is clear that eschar permeability to phenol immediately postburn is not related to the clinical degree of burning, but is a function of the thermal intensity (hotness) of the burn stimulus. Full-thickness wounds can be expected to have highly variable rates of systemic absorption as a direct consequence of the wide-ranging permeability possible for such burns, with the risks of topical application varying accordingly.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mycotic keratitis: susceptibility to antiseptic agents.

Oculomycosis is a severe problem in most developing countries. Specific antifungal agents are often unavailable, and are expensive. The use of antiseptic agents was therefore explored. Fungal isolates from patients in India and Ghana were tested against chlorhexidine, povidone iodine, propamidine, and polyhexamethylenebiguanide, and compared with econazole by placing the drugs in wells made in Sabouraud's agar plates seeded with the test organism. Fungal sensitivity testing is a contentious area but this method is simple and cheap. Chlorhexidine showed a good dose related response, povidone iodine showed a good response at all concentrations and econazole was the most effective in vitro. A small pilot study was conducted in India to assess clinical efficacy for fungal corneal ulcers. Both chlorhexidine and econazole proved effective but povidone iodine was ineffective. We suggest that chlorhexidine may be a useful first line agent for fungal keratitis when other antifungals are not available.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1992

The effect of repeated instillations of antiseptics on catheter-associated urinary tract infections: a study in a physical model of the catheterized bladder.

The activity of three antiseptic bladder washout solutions was examined in a physical model of the catheterized bladder. Tests were performed against cultures of four common urinary tract pathogens that had established themselves in the model and colonized the surfaces with biofilm. Double instillations of chlorhexidine (0.02% w/v) at 6-h intervals failed to eliminate Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, and Providencia stuartii from the bladder model. Escherichia coli, however, was susceptible to a second instillation provided that it was performed within 12 h. Supplementing chlorhexidine with EDTA and TRIS potentiated its activity against E. coli. Mandelic acid (1.0% w/v) was the most effective of the agents, double instillations eliminating all but Pr. mirabilis infections.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1986

Operative cholangiography with an antiseptic contrast solution. An experimental study in dogs.

A new antiseptic contrast material, composed of sodium diatrizoate-meglumine diatrizoate and PVP-iodine solutions, was prepared and tested for operative cholangiography. It was tested in vitro, and in vivo in dogs and displayed satisfactory contrast radiologic features, and strong and rapid bactericidal action without detectable side effects. It seems to be promising in reducing the risk of bacterial spread during cholangiography.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Activity of antiseptics against biofilms of mixed bacterial species growing on silicone surfaces.

As part of a programme to establish the relative merits of antiseptics that are used as bladder instillations to control urinary tract infections in patients with indwelling catheters, the activity of five such formulations were tested against dense (10(9) cfu/cm2) mixed biofilms composed of Citrobacter diversus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis growing on silicone discs. All three species were resistant to chlorhexidine (200 mg/l) and povidone-iodine (1% v/v) in the biofilm mode of growth, whereas these agents rapidly eliminated viable cells from urine suspensions of the mixed community. Lactic acid (1% v/v) produced a 1 log reduction of the biofilm population within 30 min of exposure. The mandelic acid (1% w/v) and mandelic acid (0.5% w/v)/lactic acid (0.5% v/v) mixture proved to be the most effective in eliminating the biofilm organisms. It is suggested that these latter solutions should now be tested for efficacy in bladder washouts against urinary tract infections in catheterized patients.

Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary↗
PubMed1991

Activity of antiseptics against biofilms of mixed bacterial species growing on silicone surfaces.

As part of a programme to establish the relative merits of antiseptics that are used as bladder instillations to control urinary tract infections in patients with indwelling catheters, the activity of five such formulations were tested against dense (10(9) cfu/cm2) mixed biofilms composed of Citrobacter diversus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis growing on silicone discs. All three species were resistant to chlorhexidine (200 mg/l) and povidone-iodine (1% v/v) in the biofilm mode of growth, whereas these agents rapidly eliminated viable cells from urine suspensions of the mixed community. Lactic acid (1% v/v) produced a 1 log reduction of the biofilm population within 30 min of exposure. The mandelic acid (1% w/v) and mandelic acid (0.5% w/v)/lactic acid (0.5% v/v) mixture proved to be the most effective in eliminating the biofilm organisms. It is suggested that these latter solutions should now be tested for efficacy in bladder washouts against urinary tract infections in catheterized patients.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1999

Antimicrobial efficacy of antiseptic mouthrinse solutions.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the activity of different mouthrinse solutions compared to sterile water and sage tea against aerobe bacteria in the oral cavity. METHODS: The extent and the duration of the salivary bacterial count reduction were determined using a uniform model that allows a direct comparison of the different products. In contrast to previous investigations the antimicrobial activity of the tested products was stopped by specific neutralizers immediately after sampling. RESULTS: The obtained results allowed us to classify four categories of mouthrinse solutions according to their antimicrobial properties: Products without any active antimicrobial effect (sterile water, sage tea, Fluomint-Lysoform), products with a weak and temporary effect that does not exceed a salivary bacterial count reduction of 1.5 log of colony forming units (cfu) immediately and 1.0 log cfu 1 h after application (hydrogen peroxide, Meridol, Listerine, Lavasept), products with a strong immediate effect (> or =1.5 log cfu) but no prolonged activity (Betaisodona solution, acriflavine) and finally products that exert a sustained effect of at least 1.0 log cfu 1 h after application (Chloramine T, Gurfix, Skinsept mucosa, Corsodyl, Dobendan, Octenisept). CONCLUSION: The method used in this investigation allows an easy and reproducible evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy and may be part of a future test guideline for efficacy testing of antiseptics.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Local antiseptic therapy for non-gonococcal urethritis: phase II study with Instillagel.

Non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) is conventionally treated with oral antibiotics. With this Phase II study, we investigated the action of a locally disinfecting substance, Instillagel, in symptomatic NGU. Instillation treatment was performed twice daily to 32 male patients with symptomatic NGU. To evaluate the therapeutic outcome, a smear was taken from the urethra and an urine examination was performed at baseline as well as at 5 and 8 days after the start of the treatment. Pain and micturition symptoms were determined by a questionnaire with analog scales taken before and after therapy. A pre/post comparison of the urethral smears of the patients with symptomatic NGU showed a significant difference (P < 0.0001). The microbial count in the urine did not show a significant difference. The symptoms micturition (P<0.0001) and pain in the urethra (P<0.0001) were significantly improved. This Phase II study confirmed that local antiseptic treatment of NGU can offer an alternative to systemic antibiotic treatment.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed2005

[Lavasept as an alternative to PVP-iodine as a preoperative antiseptic in ophthalmic surgery. Randomized, controlled, prospective double-blind trial].

BACKGROUND: To reduce the risk of endophthalmitis PVP-iodine is typically used preoperatively. Since iodine is contraindicated in patients with a specific allergic history or severe thyroid disorder we studied the effect of Lavasept, which contains Polyhexanid as an antiseptic alternative. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a randomized controlled double-blind trial 3 drops of 0.2% Lavasept, 1.25% PVP-iodine or Ringer's solution were applied preoperatively to 67 patients, which have had a minimum of 5 colony forming units (cfu's) in the conjunctival swap. The effectiveness and tolerability were measured. RESULTS: After application of Lavasept or PVP-iodine, the number of cfu was statistically significantly reduced. Lavasept reduced the number of bacterial colonies significantly better than PVP-iodine (p=0.05). All test solutions were equally well tolerated. CONCLUSION: The use af Lavasept is safe, well tolerated and reduces the microbiological contamination of the conjunctival fornix effectively. lt provides a more effective reduction of the cfu's than PVP-iodine 1.25% and this effect tends to be prolonged. Lavasept is a good alternative option in ophthalmology for preoperative antisepsis.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed2005

Infection control in a hernia clinic: 24 year results of aseptic and antiseptic measure implementation in 4,620 "clean cases".

Post Mesh Herniorrhaphy Infection [PMHI] occurs between 3 to 4% of inguinal and 8 to 14% of ventral herniorrhaphies producing an unacceptably high morbidity. Before opening a Hernia Clinic, our infection rate was around 5% for "clean" inguinals and 8% for "clean" ventral herniorrhaphies. Starting in 1982 we implemented a stricter operative aseptic protocol plus the per-operative administration of 1 g of intravenous Cefazolin. In addition, wounds were irrigated with a solution containing 80 mgs of Gentamycin Sulphate dissolved in 250 ml of Normal Saline Solution. During a period of 25 years these measures were used in 4300 consecutive "clean "Inguinal and 320 "clean" Ventral herniorrhaphies. Since the implementation of the above-mentioned aseptic and antiseptic steps no further wound infections were encountered. In our hands, the combination of rigorous aseptic operating room routine plus intravenous and topical antibiotics have, up to now, effectively eliminated wound infections in "clean" herniorrhaphy cases.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2007

Biological response of new activated acrylic bone cements with antiseptic properties. Histomorphometric analysis.

The biological response to an acrylic bone cement cured with 4,4'-bis-dimethylamino benzydrol (BZN) as activator of reduced cytotoxicity and antiseptic properties, has been carried out and compared with that obtained for CMW 3 cement. Histomorphometrical data (undecalcified trichromic Goldner staining) were obtained by measuring the most significant variables at the bone-cement interface. Quantitative results of tissue response revealed that newly formed bone and connective tissue were maximum at 4 weeks whereas bone marrow increased with time of implantation for both cements. Statistical analysis (p < 0.05) showed no significant differences in newly formed bone and bone marrow with time and between both groups, however, connective tissue significantly decreased between 4 weeks and 12 weeks for BZN cement, and between 12 weeks and 24 weeks for CMW3. By comparing both cements at each time, lower significant percentage of connective tissue at the bone-cement interface of the BZN cement, was obtained at 12 and 24 weeks, however, a very low amount of connective tissue was found for both cements. All the results indicate that the new activated system could be applied clinically in a relatively short time, after the corresponding preclinical study.

Animals↗