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PubMed1995

Assessment of structurally related chemicals: toxicity and ecotoxicity of acrylic acid and acrylic acid alkyl esters (acrylates), methacrylic acid and methacrylic acid alkyl esters (methacrylates).

BUA compiled the available data on toxicity and ecotoxicity for several acrylic and methacrylic acid esters and their corresponding acids. A comparison of these data revealed a qualitative similarity in the toxicological and ecotoxicological properties of the compounds considered. The data indicate that methacrylates are less reactive than the corresponding acrylates.

Acrylates↗
PubMed2006

Alkyl-fluorinated thymidine derivatives for imaging cell proliferation I. The in vitro evaluation of some alkyl-fluorinated thymidine derivatives.

Derivatives of 2'-deoxyuridine that contain fluoroalkyl groups at the C5 position and derivatives of thymidine that contain fluoroalkyl groups at the N3 position were synthesized and examined in three in vitro assays designed to evaluate their potential as radiopharmaceuticals for imaging cellular proliferation. Three of the former nucleosides and five of the latter were synthesized. The three assays were as follows: (a) phosphoryl transfer assay, which showed that all three of the former nucleosides and four of the latter ones were phosphorylated by recombinant human thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) and that N(3)-(2-fluoroethyl)-thymidine (NFT202) was the most potent substrate of the eight nucleosides studied; (b) transport assay, which indicated that all eight nucleosides had good affinity for an 6-[(4-nitrobenzyl)thio]-9-beta-d-ribofuranosylpurine-sensitive mouse erythrocyte nucleoside transporter, with inhibition constants in the range of 0.02-0.55 mM; and (c) degradation assay, which showed that all but one of the former nucleosides and none of the latter were degraded by recombinant Escherichia coli thymidine phosphorylase (an enzyme that catalyzes the glycosidic bond of thymidine and 2'-deoxyuridine derivatives). From these in vitro screening assays, we selected NFT202 as a candidate for subsequent in vivo evaluation because this compound met the three minimum requirements of the in vitro screening assays and had the most potent phosphorylation activity as a substrate for recombinant human TK1.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Microemulsion formed by alkyl polyglucoside and an alkyl glycerol ether with weakly charged films.

We have studied the effects on phase equilibria of a nonionic surfactant mixture-water-oil system when replacing small amount of surfactant molecules by ionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The nonionic surfactant system contains dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside (C(12)AG2) and iso-octyl glyceryl ether (i-C(8)GE) as cosurfactant, water and cyclohexane at constant water to oil ratio of 60/40 (w/w). Adding a small amount of SDS has large impact on the phase behavior. Clear liquid crystalline phase and upper microemulsion phase are added to the phase sequence at high i-C(8)GE/(C(12)AG2+i-C(8)GE) ratio. We also compare the phase equilibria of pure dodecyl maltoside system with polyglucosides mixture system.

Journal Article↗