Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ADOPTION”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

A quiet migration: cultural influences impacting children adopted from the former Soviet Union.

When children immigrate to another culture, a variety of salient variables influence their adaptation. Among internationally adopted children, these variables include early history, changes in socioeconomic status, awareness of multiple issues impacting the child post-adoption, availability of social networks, and anti-immigration sentiments in the host culture. The change in socioeconomic status of children adopted from the former Soviet Union is a positive influence with the concomitant improvement in the child's nutrition and health care. Many internationally adopted children have spent time in institutional environments that constitute a culture in and of itself. The orphanages are microenvironments which may be closed to the influences of the larger culture. The environmental components of the orphanage transmit a collection of traits and values which, taken as a whole, constitute the orphanage culture. Adoptive parents must facilitate the children's adjustment to a new cultural milieu with different language, food, and customs. Further, children must adapt to the culture of the family, a culture that may have been previously unknown. Nurses can promote the adaptation of these families by increasing awareness of the multitude of issues that impact internationally adoptive families.

Acculturation↗
PubMed2002

[Parenthood--medical aspects of international adoption].

The unavailability of significant numbers of native-born children for adoption by local families has led to an upsurge in international adoptions throughout the Western world, including Israel. The sudden appearance here of large numbers of babies and young children from countries with a variety of indigenous infectious diseases has focused concern on the issue. It has also induced the Ministry of Health to issue guidelines to protect the well-being of the public at large, as well as to aid adoptive families in maintaining their own, as well as their newly adopted children's health. The great majority of community based primary caregivers are unfamiliar with the health issues surrounding internationally adopted children. These children merit special care and consideration. One possible solution, in addition to educational campaigns, and already implemented abroad, is the specialized training of physicians caring for large numbers of such children. [International Adoption, HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Tuberculosis, Syphilis].

Adoption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transracial adoption: families identify issues and needed support services.

The gap between the number of children of color in care and the recruitment of minority foster and adoptive homes has triggered growing support for transracial adoption, culminating in the Multi-Ethnic Placement Act (MEPA) and the Interethnic Adoption Provisions (IEP) legislation. Although MEPA and IEP focus on eliminating barriers to transracial placements, they do not address support for families that choose to adopt transracially. A lack of professional literature exists in this area. This study explores a number of trans-racial placements and adoptions, with the goal of identifying, from the perspective of the families interviewed, potential services that would enhance such placements and adoptions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Childhood body mass index--genetic and familial environmental influences assessed in a longitudinal adoption study.

Studies of twins and adoptees have shown that the resemblance of adult family members in body mass index (weight/height2) is due more to shared genes than to shared rearing environment. In the present adoption study we assessed the genetic and environmental influences on body mass index in childhood. Among 3651 adult Danish adoptees we selected 840, comprising thin, medium weight, overweight, and obese groups, and for 269 of them we obtained height and weight measured at school health examinations at ages 7-13 years. The correlation in body mass index between the adoptees at these ages and their biological and adoptive relatives as well as among these relatives were estimated. The correlations were stable across the ages 7-13 years. The average correlation of adoptees with biological mothers was 0.17 (95% confidence limits: 0.03, 0.31), with biological fathers, 0.16 (0.00, 0.32), and with biological full siblings at same ages, 0.59 (0.28, 0.90). These correlations were comparable to the correlations within the biological families and comparable to the previously reported correlations for adult adoptees. The correlations with members of the adoptive families were lower--with adoptive mothers, 0.10 (-0.03, 0.23), with adoptive fathers, 0.03 (-0.11, 0.17), and with adoptive siblings, 0.14 (-0.13, 0.41). In conclusion, a genetic influence on body mass index as strong as that in adult life is already expressed by age 7 years. The rearing environment shared by the family has a weak influence during childhood.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Attitude, interest, and motivation for adoption and foster care.

This survey compares prospective foster and adoptive parents' attitudes, willingness, and motivations, and discusses implications for media campaigns. The results show that demographic profiles of targets for adoption and foster placements are the same, an opportunity exists to shape positive attitudes toward foster care in immigrant populations, the most compelling way to attract parents is to focus on the child in need, and testimonials of personal experiences of foster and adoptive parents should address perceived barriers to adopting or fostering. Political, religious, and environmental ideology were unrelated to attitudes or willingness to adopt or foster. Respondents with strong identifications with gay or lesbian lifestyles exhibited a higher than average willingness to adopt or foster.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

International adoptions: myths and realities.

Internationally adopted children come from high risk environments that differ significantly from those of children born and raised in the United States. This can impact their developmental and parenting needs. Aware adoptive parents can do many things to lessen the effects of a highly deprived early start to life and encourage optimal development. However, preconceived ideas and myths about adoption often stand in the way of parental desires to provide the best for their newly adopted child. Pediatric nurses aware of these common myths can educate and support adoptive parents in the early identification of potential concerns and in addressing and ameliorating them. Preparation, planning, and use of professional resources, as needed, can assist parents in supporting the child's development and in achieving successful integration of the internationally adopted child into their new family.

Adoption↗
PubMed2006

[Quantitative analysis of donor chimerism in adoptive immunotherapy following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of sequential and quantitative analysis of donor chimerism (DC) to predict the outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), to determine the optimal time point of adoptive immunotherapy and to estimate the efficacy of adoptive immunotherapy. METHODS: Quantitative analysis of DC was performed with multiplex PCR amplification of short tandem repeats markers (STR-PCR) and capillary electrophoresis with fluorescence detection in 84 patients who received allo-HSCT. Sequential chimerism both prior to and following adoptive immunotherapy were evaluated in 16 patients. RESULTS: Increase of mixed chimerism and decrease of DC < 90% were found in 22 of the 84 patients. Six of the 22 patients who did not receive donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) all died of relapse. Adoptive immunotherapy was used to treat the remaining 16 patients. Before the time of relapse or graft rejection, STR-PCR indicated decrease of DC in 12 of the 16 patients, with levels ranging from 24.8% - 86.2%. A response to immunotherapy was achieved in 11 of the 16 patients (68.8%). In these patients, the value of DC increased with conversion to a predominant donor profile (> or =90%). 6 of the 11 patients converted to stable full donor chimerism (FDC) and 5 of the 11 patients to transformed stable mixed chimerism (MC) shortly after immunotherapy. All these 11 patients who responded to immunotherapy developed graft versus host disease (GVHD). While in the patient without response, the level of DC decreased persistently or declined after a transient increase. Three patients without response received second DLI but still failed to response. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that sequential and quantitative monitoring of DC can identify the patients who have high risk of relapse or graft failure and can be used to guide adoptive immunotherapy at early stage to improve the response of immunotherapy in those patients who undergo cytogenetic or molecular relapse. Furthermore the serial and quantitative detection of DC has been shown to be a valuable tool to evaluate early the efficacy of treatment. As well, it can present a rational basis for treatment intensification in patients who did not respond to first-line adoptive immunotherapy treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biological mothers' grief: the postadoptive experience in open versus confidential adoption.

Advocates of open adoption believe that it lightens and in some cases alleviates the grieving process after relinquishment. Advocates of confidential adoption, however, believe that open adoption limits and denies the grieving process that must take place for subsequent life adjustment. A study of 59 women who had placed a child for adoption through an agency--18 via open adoption and 41 via confidential adoption--revealed significant differences between the two groups on five subscales of the research instruments. Implications of this pioneer study in this new practice area are discussed and further research suggested.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Child analysis with a severely disturbed adopted child.

Much of this paper focuses on the psychoanalysis of Bert, a severely disturbed 9-year-old adopted boy. Constitutional factors, parents' personalities and parenting styles, and libidinal and aggressive zonal fixations all played a role in determining Bert's problems. Besides the normal developmental challenges, the adoptive child faces the unique developmental task of becoming the true adoptive child of true adoptive parents. Bert's case shows how this process can be facilitated in psychoanalytic treatment. After a brief introduction to the psychological implications of adoption at various stages of development, the paper elaborates on how and why Bert first came for treatment and describes three phases in the treatment, the first session, the period of transference developments, and the termination phase. The final section outlines special treatment issues and the implications for the psychoanalytic treatment of an adopted child.

Adoption↗
PubMed1979

The adoption of the 'at risk' baby.

The high incidence of cerebral palsy among adopted children in Cape Town has long been a cause for concern. Five such children from a recent series of 12, in which pre- and perinatal histories were known, were high-risk infants. All were thought to have been normal at the time of adoption. The need for expert medical examination before adoption is stressed, risks that adoptive parents must take are evaluated, and the psychological aspects of delaying adoption are also considered. Some suggestions are made for modifying the existing adoption procedures in this country.

Adoption↗
PubMed1984

Parent-child relationships of adopted adolescents in a psychiatric hospital.

This study compared the parent-child relationships of 140 adopted and non-adopted adolescents treated in a psychiatric hospital through examination of information contained in the adolescents' medical records. Specifically, comparisons were made of the mention of parental contribution to the problems precipitating hospitalization, psychiatric restriction of parental visits to hospitalized offspring, and referral of parents to an adjunct parents' group. Data were gathered by uninformed research assistants, from the hospital charts of adolescents who had already been discharged from the hospital. Statistical analysis of the data yielded the following results. Adoptive parents were significantly more frequently restricted in their visits to their children. In addition, they were also more likely to have been involved in the precipitants to hospitalization and to have been referred subsequently for adjunctive treatment. It was concluded that parent-child relations may be more problematic among hospitalized adopted, as compared with non-adopted , adolescents. It was also suggested that psychiatric bias concerning "typical" adoptive family dynamics might have contributed to the observed differences.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1995

Influences of genes and shared family environment on adult body mass index assessed in an adoption study by a comprehensive path model.

The aim of this work was to explore the influences of the shared familial environment and the nonshared individual environment on body mass index in light of convincing evidence for genetic influence. A cross-sectional adoption design was used, including information on adult adoptees and their biological fathers and mothers, biological full siblings and paternal and maternal half siblings, and adoptive fathers and mothers. Body mass index (weight/height2) was derived from reported height and weight. A model of familial resemblance based on path analysis is used to test for effects of genetic influence and for effects of the environment shared among family members: transmission from the adoptive father and adoptive mother to the adoptee, from biological father and biological mother to biological children they reared, from the biological father to maternal half-siblings, from the biological mother to paternal half-siblings, and among biological siblings who may have lived together. The model also incorporates effects of assortative mating of the biological parents and of the adoptive parents, of shared preadoptive environmental influences between the biological mother and the adoptee, and of selective placement of the adoptee. The estimated heritability was 0.34 (standard error 0.03). No parameter indicating effects of shared familial environment either before or after adoption, assortative mating, or selective placement was significant. There was strong evidence for genetic effects, and no evidence for any effects related to the shared family environment--all familial resemblance in adults can be attributed to genetic influences. However, more than half of the interindividual differences in body mass index is due to nonshared individual environmental influences.

Adoption↗
PubMed1997

Adoptive transfer of murine cytomegalovirus-immune lymph node cells prevents retinitis in T-cell-depleted mice.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether adoptive transfer of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV)-immune lymph node cells prevents retinitis in immunosuppressed mice. METHODS: Adult BALB/c mice were thymectomized and T-cell depleted using rat monoclonal antibodies specific for mouse CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. The level of rat immunoglobulin G in the treated mice was monitored by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immune cells were labeled with PKH26-GH immediately before adoptive transfer, and flow cytometry was used to determine the percentage of adoptively transferred T-cells (PKH+, fluorescein isothiocyanate [FITC+]) in the spleens of the recipient mice 3 days after transfer. The ability of adoptively transferred cells to protect from retinitis was studied in T-cell-depleted mice injected with MCMV through the supraciliary route. Mice received 4 x 10(7) in vitro-restimulated MCMV-immune cells, 4 x 10(7) freshly isolated MCMV-immune cells, 4 x 10(7) freshly isolated ovalbumin-immune cells, or no cells (control group). RESULTS: The best time to balance depletion of endogenous T-cells with persistence of transferred cells was 3 weeks after T-cell depletion. Both restimulated and freshly isolated MCMV-immune cells conferred protection from retinitis. Freshly isolated ovalbumin-immune lymph node cells did not prevent retinitis, indicating that protection was virus-specific and merely was not because of transfer of antigen-activated lymph node cells. CONCLUSIONS: Adoptive immunotherapy has been used to prevent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in patients who have undergone transplantation, and, by extrapolation, the results of these studies suggest that adoptive immunotherapy with human CMV-specific immune cells might be used to prevent or ameliorate CMV retinitis in immunocompromised patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Health of children adopted from the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. Comparison with preadoptive medical records.

CONTEXT: Children born in the countries of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe are now a main source of international adoptions in the United States, but often little information is available about these children prior to adoption. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the preadoptive medical reports of children adopted from Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union and to compare these reports with their evaluations after arrival in the United States. DESIGN: Case series. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: A total of 56 children adopted from Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union were evaluated in 2 international adoption clinics. Preadoptive medical records were available for 47 of these children. RESULTS: There were 43 (91%) of 47 medical reports available from the children's birth countries that included multiple unfamiliar neurologic diagnoses. Evaluations in the International Adoption Clinics frequently revealed growth delays (zscore < or = -1 for weight in 44% of children, height in 68%, and head circumference in 43%). Children had 1 month of linear growth lag for every 5 months in an orphanage (r=-0.48, P<.001). Developmental delays were also common (gross motor delays in 70% of children, fine motor in 82%, language in 59%, and social-emotional in 53%). While serious medical problems were found or corroborated in 11 (20%) of the 56 children evaluated in our clinics, neurologic diagnoses cited in preadoptive medical reports were not confirmed. CONCLUSIONS: Preadoptive medical records from these international adoptees included multiple diagnoses suggesting severe neurologic impairment. Although these diagnoses were not confirmed when the children were evaluated in the United States, substantial growth and developmental delays were identified.

Adoption↗
PubMed1976

The emotional aftermath of adoption.

Adopted children are emotionally vulnerable. Adoptive parents must cope with more complex problems than biologic parents. The family physician can provide valuable counseling. Preadoption counseling focuses on motivation and ambivalence. After adoption, however, serious, sometimes predictable, issues arise, such as: how and when to tell the child he is adopted; the child's search for knowledge; the problem of subsequent divorce; the birth of a natural sibling, and the involvement of other family members. New concepts include "open adoption" and "single parent adoption."

Adoption↗
PubMed2003

Predicting adoption of home smoking restriction by inner-city black smokers.

OBJECTIVE: To identify predictors of future adoption of home smoking restriction (HSR), given that 40% of inner-city smokers report current HSR. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of data on smokers enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of bupropion hydrochloride for smoking cessation. SETTING: Community health center in Kansas City, Kan, from August 1, 2000, to December 31, 2001. PARTICIPANTS: Six hundred eligible black smokers, at least 18 years old, who smoked at least 10 cigarettes per day and were interested in quitting within the next 30 days. Enrollment was limited to 1 smoker per household. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adoption of HSR by 6 months by those who did not have it at baseline. Result Baseline HSR was reported by 36% of all smokers. Of 383 smokers without baseline HSR, 311 smokers had complete baseline and 6-month data. Thirty-seven percent of households without HSR at baseline had adopted HSR by 6 months. Adoption was associated with a nonsmoking adult or children in the home, progress in stage of change, and smoking cessation. Odds of adopting HSR increased with progress in stage of change (odds ratio [OR], 4.20), baseline preparatory stage of change (OR, 3.28), and having a nonsmoking partner (OR, 2.35) or children (OR, 1.75) in the home. CONCLUSIONS: A smoker's motivation to quit and the presence in the home of a nonsmoking adult or of children predict adoption of HSR by inner-city black smokers. Therefore, health professionals should motivate the smoker toward HSR and the nonsmoking partner toward advocating home smoking bans, thereby eliminating environmental tobacco smoke in the home.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Interleukin-2 enhances biopterins and catecholamines production during adoptive immunotherapy for various cancers.

Biopterins production during three different protocols for adoptive immunotherapy for human cancer was investigated. Adoptive immunotherapy treatment with interleukin-2 (IL-2) was carried out for 13 patients with malignant melanoma; eight with metastatic renal cell carcinoma; and three with metastatic colon cancer. The authors estimated total biopterins in plasma and lymphokine (IL-2)-activated killer cells (LAK) from these patients before and during various treatment phases to determine if increased biopterins production reflects leukocyte activation by IL-2 or antitumor activity. They noted an increased synthesis of total "biopterins," i.e., biopterin; 7,8-dehydrobiopterin; and L-neopterin in LAK cells and plasma which correlated with IL-2 exposure. Mean plasma biopterins were normal (1.2 +/- 0.5 ng/ml) before therapy; in contrast, biopterins increased significantly to 3.4 +/- 1.9 ng/ml and 3.9 +/- 1.9 ng/ml during IL-2 and IL-2 + LAK treatment each, respectively. Similar biopterin elevations were noted irrespective of the different adoptive immunotherapy protocols used. Elevated biopterins decreased to normal levels (1.2 +/- 0.7 ng/ml) when IL-2 treatment was omitted. Tumor regression with adoptive immunotherapy did not correlate with increased plasma biopterins. Increased biopterins production was also associated with increase in plasma catecholamine after IL-2 treatment during adoptive immunotherapy. Conceivably increased biopterins, induced by IL-2 activation of a leukocyte population, is a cell-mediated consequence not necessarily serving as a signal for the antitumor effect associated with adoptive immunotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Changes in lymphocyte recirculation and liberation of the adoptive memory response from cellular regulation in irradiated recipients.

Thoracic duct lymphocytes from previously immunized (AS2 x AS)F1 rats ('TDL) were adoptively transferred to syngeneic recipients and triggered by soluble HSA (s-HSA) the following day. The response of 'TDL in an irradiated recipient was almost two orders of magnitude greater than the response in a nonirradiated adult host. The affinity of the antibody in the adult recipients was significantly reduced but increased with time. Nonirradiated young recipients (3 weeks old) also supported an adoptive memory response which was comparable in quantity and quality to that found in irradiated hosts. The response of 'TDL declined progressively when transferred into 2-week-old or 4-week-old radiation chimeras, or was reduced in irradiated hosts when the memory cells were mixed together with nonimmune TDL. The experiments indicate that the differential response between the adult and irradiated recipient is the result of a restrictive control in the former host rather than an enhancing factor in the latter. Lymphocytes in the nonimmune population regulate both the expansion and maturation of the adoptive memory response, the high energy-binding B cells being at a selective disadvantage. Host irradiation effectively liberates the adoptive response from this cellular control mechanism. A comparative study of transferred, [14C]leucine-labeled TDL showed that distribution and homing of lymphocytes to lymph nodes and spleen was not altered by irradiating the recipients. However, adoptively transferred cells almost completely failed to recirculate in irradiated rats, in contrast to normal recipients. But, the injection of large numbers of unlabeled TDL following irradiation forced more labeled cells into the recirculating pool, suggesting that saturation of depleted lymphoid tissue with lymphocytes is an important factor regulating lymphocyte traffic. The relevance of this "saturation effect" in regulating the adoptive memory response is discussed.

Age Factors↗