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PubMed1988

Acculturation and alcohol consumption among Mexican Americans: a three-generation study.

Data from a three-generation study of Mexican Americans conducted in the San Antonio, Texas area are utilized to examine the influence of acculturation into the larger society on alcohol consumption. Acculturation was not related to alcohol consumption in the older generation. In the middle generation, it was related to lower alcohol consumption among men, as well as among women. In the younger generation, acculturation was related to more drinking among women, but not among men. Within-family analysis showed that the alcohol consumption of members of the younger generation was associated with the consumption of their parents, particularly in the case of younger women.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Weight changes and eating attitudes of Japanese adolescents under acculturative stresses: a prospective study.

An increased rate of pathological eating attitudes has been reported among the people under acculturative stresses. We therefore carried out a prospective study of eating patterns in a cohort of 144 Japanese adolescents who spent 1 year with a host family in various countries of the world. The subjects showed a statistically significant gain in standardized body weight. Although the students did not report greater prevalence of abnormal eating attitudes under acculturative stresses than before, a substantial minority of them manifested maladaptive eating patterns. Among the psychosocial variables measured before departure, personality traits of neuroticism and introversion correlated with high drive for thinness during the stay; parental overprotection, lack of interoceptive awareness, and interpersonal distrust predicted bulimic behaviors. The findings are discussed from a transcultural point of view.

Acculturation↗
PubMed2006

The relative contribution of posttraumatic and acculturative stress to subjective mental health among Bosnian refugees.

The relationship between posttraumatic stress reactions, cultural adaptation, and mental health symptoms is still poorly understood. This empirical study examined the relative contribution of both posttraumatic reactions and acculturation rates to subjective mental health in 2 groups of Bosnian refugees, a clinical group (N = 34) and a nonclinical community group (N = 44). As hypothesized, posttraumatic reactions were highly predictive of mental health state in both groups. In addition, two specific acculturation aspects, cultural affiliation and the obtaining of instrumental skills, were significantly related to mental health symptoms. The implications of these findings for mental health professionals working with refugees and other traumatized populations are considered.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1993

Mexican-American mothers' socialization strategies: effects of education, acculturation, and health locus of control.

The present study examined maternal education, acculturation, and health locus of control beliefs in relation to parenting strategies that promote the internalization of healthy eating habits in Mexican-American children. Eighty low-income Mexican-American mothers and their 4- to 8-year-old children participated in the study. Mother-child interactions during dinner were observed, and mothers were interviewed about the socialization strategies they used to influence their children's food consumption. Results indicated that mothers with more external health locus of control beliefs were less likely to use socialization techniques associated with internalization. Acculturation was negatively related to the use of internalization techniques, with less traditional mothers using more directive strategies. Education did not predict maternal behavior after controlling for health locus of control beliefs.

Acculturation↗
PubMed2006

Acculturation and aggression in Latino adolescents: a structural model focusing on cultural risk factors and assets.

The specific aim of this investigation was to map cultural factors associated with aggressive behavior in Latino adolescents. Interviews were conducted with a sample of 481 foreign- and U.S.-born Latino adolescents living in North Carolina and Arizona. Structural Equation Modeling was used to validate a conceptual model linking adolescent and parent culture-of-origin and U.S. cultural involvement, acculturation conflicts, and perceived discrimination to family processes (familism and parent-adolescent conflict) and adolescent aggression. Parent-adolescent conflict was the strongest cultural risk factor followed by perceived discrimination. Familism and adolescent culture-of-origin involvement were key cultural assets associated with less aggressive behavior. Exploratory mediation analyses suggested that familism and parent-adolescent conflict mediated the effects of acculturation conflicts, parent and adolescent culture-of-origin involvement, and parent U.S. cultural involvement on adolescent aggression. Implications for prevention programming were discussed.

Acculturation↗
PubMed2006

Food practices, changes, preferences, and acculturation of Thais in the United States.

This study investigated food practices, changes, preferences, and acculturation of Thais in the United States. A questionnaire was mailed to a convenience sample of 182 individuals who were born in Thailand, had lived in the United States for at least 3 months, were age 18 years or older, and had agreed to participate; 102 (56%) completed questionnaires were returned by 62 university students and 40 residents from five states. While living in the United States, the number of meals consumed per day decreased significantly and snacks and food eaten out changed from Thai to American. Of 111 foods listed on the questionnaire, consumption frequency decreased significantly for 29 Thai foods and increased significantly for 33 American foods and total milk food group. Food group mean daily consumption frequencies while living in the United States were 3.5 bread; 3.8 vegetables; 2.2 fruits; 3.6 meat; 1.6 milk; 3.9 fats, oils, and sweets; 2.2 beverages; and 0.9 Thai mixed dishes. Most foods were liked (91 of 111; mean 5.5 or higher on a 9-point hedonic scale). Consumption frequency and liking were significantly positively related for 77 foods. Acculturation (mean 2.6, 1 to 5 scale) was significantly positively related to consumption and liking of some American foods and significantly negatively related to consumption and liking of some Thai foods. This information can be used by dietetics professionals in nutrition education for a Thai population.

Acculturation↗
PubMed2005

Health status, health behaviors, and acculturation factors associated with overweight and obesity in Latinos from a community and agricultural labor camp survey.

BACKGROUND: U.S. Latino adults have experienced an 80% increase in obesity in the last decade. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 18-64-year-old Latino women (N = 380) and men (N = 335) from a community sample, and men (N = 186) from an agricultural labor camp sample in Monterey County, California, provided data on correlates of obesity. RESULTS: In the community and labor camp samples, prevalences of chronic disease risk factors (high blood pressure and cholesterol, diabetes) were 1.5-7 times higher in the heaviest compared with the leanest weight groups. Higher acculturation (generational status, years lived in the United States) was the strongest correlate of obesity (measured by BMI) in the community sample (P < 0.001), followed by less exercise and poorer diet (P values < 0.05). Women who exercised <2.5 h/week, watched TV regularly, ate chips/fried snacks, and ate no fruit the previous day were 45 lbs heavier than women with healthier habits. Men who did not exercise, rarely trimmed fat from meat, and ate fried foods the previous day were 16 lbs heavier than men with healthier habits. Discussions with health care providers about diet/exercise were associated with more accurate weight perception and more weight loss attempts in obese participants in both samples. CONCLUSIONS: The associations of acculturation, exercise, and diet to BMI implicate societal as well as individual contributors to obesity among U.S. Latinos.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1999

Ethnicity, alcohol, and acculturation.

In the social and behavioral sciences there is a strong correlation alleged between alcohol abuse and ethnonational origins. Changes in drinking patterns and problem drinking among immigrants to the United States are often mistakenly attributed to acculturation, just as the etiology of alcohol abuse and alcoholism is often erroneously traced to the 'ethnic origins' of these men and women. In addition, and for the same reasons, researchers and practitioners may have thus unwittingly influenced the perceptions and understandings of this population with respect to the relationship between particular ethnic groups and alcohol consumption. This paper summarizes how the term acculturation has been employed recently in alcohol studies. Preliminary findings are reported from ethnographic fieldwork with Latin America-born men in the San Francisco Bay Area.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1999

Gender, injury status and acculturation differences in performance of screening instruments for alcohol problems among US Hispanic emergency department patients.

The sensitivity and specificity of several screening instruments including the CAGE, brief MAST, AUDIT, TWEAK, RAPS, and Trauma Scale, were evaluated against both ICD-10 and DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence and for harmful drinking and abuse in a probability sample of 586 Hispanic emergency department patients. Screening instruments were not as sensitive for females as for males, for those in the low acculturation group, or for non-dependent drinkers. Acculturation was positively associated with the likelihood of being a current drinker and among current drinkers, was positively associated with alcohol dependence and with harmful drinking or alcohol abuse.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2002

The relationship between acculturation and problem behavior proneness in a Hispanic youth sample: a longitudinal mediation model.

This study, using secondary data analysis, examined prospectively a mediation model of the relationship between acculturation and problem behavior proneness among 330 Hispanic children and adolescents from an urban school district in the southwest region of the United States. Acculturation was predicted to have an indirect, but positive, relationship to problem behavior proneness through parental involvement and self-esteem. The results partially supported the model and indicated that parental involvement, but not self-esteem, played a significant mediational role in children's problem behavior proneness. The individual indicators of problem behavior proneness among Hispanic youth were significantly interrelated, which is consistent with problem behavior theory as conceptualized by R. Jessor (1984) and R. Jessor and S. L. Jessor (1977). Findings from this study provide implications for future research and intervention designs.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1999

Acculturation and cigarette smoking among African Americans: replication and implications for prevention and cessation programs.

We report a replication of a 1996 study on the role of acculturation in smoking among African American adults. Results with the current sample were nearly identical to the prior ones: smokers tended to be traditional and nonsmokers acculturated, with nearly 70% of Black smokers in both studies being highly traditional in their cultural orientation. Given that coming from a highly traditional Black family was a strong predictor of smoking in both studies, we suggest that new smoking prevention and cessation programs might be culturally tailored for Blacks by focusing on smoking as a familywide issue.

Acculturation↗
PubMed2004

Acculturation and health beliefs of Mexican Americans regarding tuberculosis prevention.

Mexican Americans are at particular risk of contracting tuberculosis. Yet too little is known about perceptions influencing their health. This study investigated gender and acculturation differences in TB-specific Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs, and the applicability of the HBM's traditional configuration to Mexican Americans. Acculturation and gender substantially influenced the findings. Traditional Mexican Americans reported higher perceived susceptibility and seriousness, more barriers, and greater attention to cues regarding TB prevention than Highly Integrated Biculturals. Women reported greater benefits, attention to cues, and intent to engage in TB prevention behaviors than men. Highly Integrated Bicultural men reported less attention to cues and less intent to engage in health behaviors than other groups. The traditional HBM configuration did not fit this sample. Reconfiguration did, however, result in adequate fit. Overall, higher perceived susceptibility, action benefits, attention to media cues, and female gender predicted greater intent to engage in TB health behaviors.

Acculturation↗
PubMed2004

Preimmigration beliefs of life success, postimmigration experiences, and acculturative stress: South Asian immigrants in the United States.

This study retrospectively explored the links between preimmigration beliefs of life success and postimmigration experiences and their influence on acculturative stress among a group of parents who recently immigrated with their children from three non-English speaking countries-Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan-to the United States. The respondents, 75 sets of parents residing in New York City, participated in semistructured qualitative interviews. Discrepancies between the parents' anticipated life success in the United States and actual experiences after immigration were associated with the parents' expectations of their children fulfilling parents' own dreams of success. Two criteria specific to Asian culture that guided parental expectations were the responsibility of children in enhancing family pride and the role of education as a way to advance through the social class and the caste systems. Implications for understanding immigrant parents' sociocultural contexts, the potential negative impact of unrealistic expectations on children's development, and the significance of acculturative stress for parents as well as their children were discussed.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1991

Influences of acculturation and musical sophistication on perception of musical interval patterns.

Influences of acculturation and musical sophistication on music perception were examined. Judgments for mistuning were obtained for Ss differing in musical sophistication who listened to a melody that was based on interval patterns from Western and Javanese musical scales. Less musically sophisticated Ss' judgments were better for Western than Javanese patterns. Musicians' thresholds did not differ across Western and Javanese patterns. Differences in judgments across scales are accountable to acculturation through listening exposure and musical sophistication gained through formal experience.

Acculturation↗
PubMed2004

Self-concealment, social self-efficacy, acculturative stress, and depression in African, Asian, and Latin American international college students.

The primary purpose of this exploratory investigation was to examine self-concealment behaviors and social self-efficacy skills as potential mediators in the relationship between acculturative stress and depression in a sample of 320 African, Asian, and Latin American international college students. The authors found several differences by demography with regard to the study's variables. After controlling for regional group membership, sex, and English language fluency, they found that self-concealment and social self-efficacy did not serve as mediators in the relationship between African, Asian, and Latin American international students' acculturative stress experiences and depressive symptomatology. Implications of the findings are discussed.

Acculturation↗
PubMed2004

The social cognition of immigrants' acculturation: effects of the need for closure and the reference group at entry.

Three studies found support for the notion that immigrants' acculturation to the host culture is interactively determined by their need for cognitive closure (A. W. Kruglanski & D. M. Webster, 1996) and the reference group they forge on their arrival. If such reference group is fashioned by close social relations with coethnics, the higher the immigrants' need for closure, the weaker their tendency to assimilate to the new culture and the stronger their tendency to adhere to the culture of origin. By contrast, if the reference entry group is fashioned by close relations with members of the host country, the higher their need for closure, the stronger their tendency to adapt to the new culture and the weaker their tendency to maintain the culture of origin. These findings obtained consistently across 3 immigrant samples in Italy, 1 Croatian and 2 Polish, and across multiple different measures of acculturation.

Acculturation↗
PubMed2005

Acculturation-related variables, sexual initiation, and subsequent sexual behavior among Puerto Rican, Mexican, and Cuban youth.

The relationship among acculturation-related variables, past sexual activity, and subsequent sexual behavior was examined for a sample of Latino youth in the United States over a 12-month period. A subsample from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health database was analyzed by means of a prospective design. History of sexual intercourse predicted subsequent sexual behavior over the ensuing 12 months. The acculturation-related variables were related to whether an adolescent reported being sexually active at Wave 1 but in a complex fashion. Among recent immigrants, youth from English-speaking homes were less likely to be sexually active than those from Spanish-speaking homes. The opposite was observed for youth who were born in the United States or who had resided in the United States most of their lives.

Acculturation↗
PubMed2004

Acculturation, familism, parental monitoring, and knowledge as predictors of marijuana and inhalant use in adolescents.

The authors investigated relationships between marijuana and inhalant use and several cultural and demographic factors in Anglo American and Hispanic American adolescents (N=1,094). Outcome measures assessed lifetime and 30-day marijuana and inhalant use. Predictors and covariates used in logistic regression analyses were region, grade, gender, knowledge, acculturation, familism, and parental monitoring. Hispanic Americans exhibited higher usage across all measures. In this group, high acculturation was associated with low marijuana, but high inhalant, use. Across all participants, positive family relations and parental monitoring were strongly associated with attenuated marijuana use hut only among those most knowledgeable about drugs. Familism and monitoring were not associated with diminished usage among the less knowledgeable. For inhalants, monitoring combined with high knowledge or high familism was associated with diminished usage.

Acculturation↗