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Results for “quantitative analysis”

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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Quantitative analysis of telomerase activity in exfoliated urothelial cells for the diagnosis of bladder carcinoma].

Voided urine cytology is the most common non-invasive examination for the detection and monitoring of bladder cancer. However, the result is not satisfactory, especially for low grade tumors. Activity of telomerase can be detected in most tissues of bladder carcinoma using the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay. We analyzed the quantitative telomerase activity in exfoliated urothelial cells, and evaluated the values for early diagnosis of bladder carcinoma. We performed a quantitative analysis using a hybridization protection assay (HPA) based on TRAP assay. Telomerase activity was significantly higher level in exfoliated urothelial cells from patients with bladder cancer than all of healthy cases and patients with benign disease (p < 0.0001). The cut off value was calculated as mean + 2SD of the telomerase activity level of the exfoliated urothelial cells from healthy cases. Using this cut off value, telomerase activity was positive in 26 of 41 in exfoliated urothelial cells from bladder cancer patients(63.4% sensitivity), and negative in 63 of 69 in exfoliated urothelial cells from healthy cases and patients with benign disease (91.3% specificity). The sensitivity of telomerase activity in exfoliated cells was higher than urinary cytology, especially in low grade tumors. Our results indicate that quantitative analysis of telomerase activity in exfoliated urothelial cells could become minimum invasive and useful method for detection of bladder carcinoma.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Quantitative analysis of 'organization' by feature extraction of the EEG power spectrum.

Quantitative analysis of 'organization' of the background EEG activity was made by applying a new method of approximating the optimal intensity-fitting function to the EEG records of healthy college students. The parametric intensity-fitting function used in this study to approximate the power spectrum of EEG was a gaussian type function. Among the quantitative parameters obtained by the new method, the ratio of the integrated power of alpha rhythm to that of all rhythms and the standard deviation of the alpha frequency proved to be the most important organization parameters by inspecting the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. Next the automatic scoring of 'organization' was successfully performed by using the linear regression of those two organization parameters.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Study on quantitative analysis with near-infrared spectra using latent root regression model].

The latent root regression model with near-infrared spectra of 40 soybean samples was founded for analyzing the content of soybean protein in this study. The contents of protein in another 32 soybean samples were predicted by this model. The predicting results were compared with PLS, which shows that the latent root regression model can practically be used for the quantitative analysis of the biological samples with near-infrared spectra. This method is a new kind of chemometrics calibration method, which is modified from PCR. Because the method takes the role of sample composition into account when extracting the principal component from the NIR spectra of samples, the model has a good result in analyzing samples. Further more, the results showed that it is necessary to take account of the role of sample composition when building quantitative analysis model using NIR spectra.

Calibration↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis: improvement of quantitative analysis by radioactively labelled antigen.

Experiments were performed to improve the quantitative analysis of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) by labelling the antigen with radioactive iodine. After intradermal injection of antibodies and intravenous administration of labelled antigen in rats a close correlation was found between the radioactivity measured in skin biopsies and the amount of antigen as well as the amount of antibodies. This direct dependence makes it possible to improve quantitatively the reading of PCA test results. A quantitative correlation was also found when radioactivity is measured over the skin by scanning procedures. Therefore it is not necessary to cut out skin biopsies. Thus the same test animal can be used several times, which minimizes biological variations.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Quantitative analysis of the products of IgG chain recombination in hybrid hybridomas based on affinity chromatography and radioimmunoassay.

On the model of a hybrid hybridoma (quadroma) to alpha-endorphin (END) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP), we have elaborated a general approach to analyse H and L chain interactions in hybrid hybridomas and to evaluate their efficiency as producers of bispecific antibodies (bAbs). This strategy is based on quantitative analysis of quadroma produced Abs by affinity chromatography and radioimmunoassay. First, Abs produced by quadroma cells in culture media (IgG pools from three quadroma clones) were fractioned with respect to specificity. Second, Ab concentrations in each fraction (bispecific, anti-END, anti-HRP and inactive) were measured by specific radioimmunoassays, using rabbit antiserum against mouse IgG and 125I-labelled affinity purified quadroma Abs. Then the experimentally obtained Ab distributions were compared with the predicted Ab distributions for different models of IgG chain recombination in quadroma cells (random H/L pairing, preferential homologous H/L association). As follows from these models, in a random H/L recombination the yield of bAbs in quadroma produced IgG cannot exceed 12.5%, and the ratio of bAbs and inactive Abs cannot exceed 0.5. In the analysed clones the yield of bAbs amounted to about 30% of total IgG, and the ratio of bAbs and inactive Abs was about 5-8, giving strong evidence for preferential homologous H/L association in these cells. The ratio of anti-HRP and anti-END Abs was about 10:1, suggesting unequal production of parental IgG chains in quadroma cells. The result of quantitative analysis of quadroma IgG was further supported by two-dimensional gel analysis of affinity-purified fractions of quadroma IgG and of two parental mAbs.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Rapid quantitative analysis of differential PCR products by high-performance liquid chromatography.

We describe the use of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the rapid quantitative analysis of short DNA fragments generated in differential PCR, where a target gene and a control gene are in vitro coamplified in one single reaction. Using an anion-exchange nonporous column, both separation and quantitation of the differential PCR products are achieved in about 5 min per sample. The performance of this technique proved to be superior to that of conventional gel electrophoresis and subsequent analysis by a laser densitometer, a solid-state scanner and a charge coupled device video camera imaging system. The usefulness for clinical testing is described in the example of the quantitative analysis of the c-erbB-2 oncogene copy number of human breast carcinomas by differential PCR. The combined use of differential PCR and automated HPLC analysis of the PCR products may well substitute for classical Southern blot hybridization in routine clinical analysis of oncogene amplification.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1999

Quantitative analysis of mRNA as a marker for viability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Numerous assays which use conserved DNA or rRNA sequences as targets for amplification have been described for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. However, these techniques have not been applied successfully to the monitoring of therapeutic efficacy owing to the persistence of amplifiable nucleic acid beyond the point at which smears and cultures become negative. Semiquantitative analysis of rRNA has been used to reduce the time required for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, although growth for up to 5 days in the presence of some drugs is still required to discriminate resistant strains. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether quantitative analysis of M. tuberculosis mRNA could be used to assess bacterial viability and to illustrate the application of this technique to rapid determination of drug susceptibility. Levels of mRNA encoding the 85B protein (alpha-antigen), IS6110 DNA, and 16S rRNA were compared in parallel cultures of M. tuberculosis that were treated with either no drug, 0. 2 microg of isoniazid per ml, or 1 microg of rifampin per ml. Exposure of sensitive strains to isoniazid or rifampin for 24 h reduced the levels of 85B mRNA to <4 and <0.01%, respectively, of those present in control cultures without drug. In contrast, the levels of IS6110 DNA and 16S rRNA did not diminish over the same period. Strains which were resistant to either isoniazid or rifampin demonstrated no reduction in 85B mRNA in the presence of the drug to which they were nonresponsive. Quantitative analysis of 85B mRNA offers a potentially useful tool for the rapid determination of M. tuberculosis drug susceptibility and for the monitoring of therapeutic efficacy.

Acyltransferases↗
PubMed1994

Panstromal Schnyder corneal dystrophy. A clinical pathologic report with quantitative analysis of corneal lipid composition.

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of Schnyder dystrophy is thought to be a primary abnormality of corneal lipid metabolism resulting in opacification secondary to lipid accumulation. Histochemical investigations have suggested the accumulated lipid includes unesterified cholesterol; however, quantitative analysis has not been done. METHODS: Quantitative biochemical analysis was performed on a corneal button obtained from a patient with clinically and pathologically proven Schnyder dystrophy. Results were compared with four age-, sex-, and size-matched corneal buttons obtained from cadaveric eyes. RESULTS: Corneal lipid accumulated in Schnyder dystrophy predominantly is composed of phospholipid, free cholesterol, and cholesterol ester. These constituents were markedly elevated in the Schnyder cornea when compared with cadaveric control corneas as follows: (1) phospholipid, 23.6 versus 4.05 mg/g; (2) unesterified cholesterol, 6.99 versus 0.52 mg/g; and (3) cholesterol ester, 3.16 versus 0.26 mg/g. CONCLUSION: Phospholipid, unesterified cholesterol and cholesterol ester are the predominant lipids in Schnyder dystrophy. The pathogenesis may be a primary disorder of corneal lipid metabolism.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed2005

Quantitative analysis of synchrotron radiation intravenous angiographic images.

A medical research protocol on clinical intravenous coronary angiography has been completed at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) biomedical beamline. The aim was to investigate the accuracy of intravenous coronary angiography based on the K-edge digital subtraction technique for the detection of in-stent restenosis. For each patient, diagnosis has been performed on the synchrotron radiation images and monitored with the conventional selective coronary angiography method taken as the golden standard. In this paper, the methods of image processing and the results of the quantitative analysis are described. Image processing includes beam harmonic contamination correction, spatial deconvolution and the extraction of a 'contrast' and a 'tissue' image from each couple of radiograms simultaneously acquired at energies bracketing the K-edge of iodine. Quantitative analysis includes the estimation of the vessel diameter, the calculation of the absolute iodine concentration profiles along the coronary arteries and the stenosis degree measurement.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2001

[The quantitative analysis of E6 HPV and P53 genes expression by QPCR (TaqMan) in the assessment of surgical treatment range in vulvar carcinoma induced by HTV infection].

OBJECTIVES: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infections especially 16 and 18 are risk factors for squamous cell vulvar cancer. E6 protein of HPV joins the tumor suppressor protein P53 and promotes its degradation. This is one of the possible mechanisms of viral oncogenes action. DESIGN: In this study the quantitative analysis of mRNA copies E6 HPV 18 and mRNA P53 expression in vulvar cancer tissue was performed. The expression of analysed genes was applied in the assessment of surgical treatment range. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The specimens from a 26 year old woman with vulvar squamous cell cancer stage II FIGO treated surgically modo Way were analysed. The number of DNA and mRNA copies E6 HPV and P53 were examined basing on Q-PCR standard curves for beta-actine by use of Perkin Elmer-kit and the sequence detector ABI PRISM 7700-Taq Man application. RESULTS: The overexpression of mRNA E6 HPV and P53 in analysed specimens was found. The highest number of mRNA copies in cancer tissue was ascertained. In lichen sclerosus and lymphonoduli tissue lower number of analysed copies was found. CONCLUSION: The quantitative analysis of E6 HPV and P53 genes expression can be useful in the assessment of surgical treatment range in vulvar cancer and can also be used as a prognostic marker.

Adult↗
PubMed1967

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of urinary lipids in the nephrotic syndrome.

A qualitative and quantitative analysis of urinary lipids in the nephrotic syndrome is presented. The following lipids were identified in the urine of patients with the nephrotic syndrome: free cholesterol, cholesterol esters, triglycerides, free fatty acids, and phospholipids. Glass paper chromatography identified the cholesterol esters as palmitate, oleate, linoleate, and arachidonate, and identified the phospholipids as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylserine. Urinary lipid excretion was much greater in patients with the nephrotic syndrome than in patients with chronic renal disease and minimal proteinuria, or in patients with hyperlipidemia from other causes. Urinary lipid excretion varied widely among the 13 patients with the nephrotic syndrome studied, and no quantitative correlation with serum lipid levels was observed. However, qualitatively at least, the proportion of cholesterol esters excreted in the urine was similar to the proportion of these esters in plasma. A good correlation was found between lipid excretion and glomerular permeability. Furthermore, during steroid therapy urinary lipid excretion decreased concomitant with a decrease in proteinuria. All these observations support the idea that lipiduria in the nephrotic syndrome is related to protein loss and that most of the lipid in the urine enters the glomerular filtrate in the form of lipoproteins.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Quantitative analysis of the striate cortex in the mutant microphthalmic rat.

A quantitative analysis of the striate cortex of the mutant microphthalmic rat was conducted to determine whether or not transneuronal changes of the visual cortex were induced following the loss of eyes. The area of the striate cortex in the microphthalmic rat was approximately 60% of that in the normal rat. As for the thickness of each layer of the striate cortex, many layers of microphthalmia tended to be thin in comparison with the normal animal, except for layers I and III: the thickness of layers II, IV, V, and VI was about 74, 62, 82, and 82% of normal values, respectively. There was fractically no difference between the number of neurons of each layer of the microphthalmic and the normal striate cortex per unit (10(4) microns2), except for layer IV, in which the density had increased to 117% of the normal value. In many layers, the neurons of the microphthalmic striate cortex were smaller than normal and they had narrow neuroplasmic space. Our study demonstrated that the striate cortex of the microphthalmic rat underwent quantitative and morphometric transneuronal changes. Especially striking changes of the striate cortex were found in the inner granular layer with a reduction in thickness and a diminution of cell size.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Noninvasive detection of prostate cancer by quantitative analysis of telomerase activity.

PURPOSE: Prostate cancer is the most common male malignancy and the second leading cause of male cancer death; therefore, there is urgent necessity for noninvasive assays for early detection of prostate cancer. Obtaining prostate tumor samples surgically is problematic because the malignancy is heterogeneous and multifocal and early-stage tumors are nonpalpable. In contrast, exfoliated cells represent the cancer status of the entire gland better due to the general tendency of cancer cells to exfoliate into biological fluids. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether quantitative analysis of telomerase activity in exfoliated cells in urine could serve as a reliable molecular marker of prostate malignancy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We analyzed prospectively post-prostatic examination-exfoliated cells from the urine of 56 patients undergoing routine prostate screening. Epithelial cells were isolated and enriched by immunomagnetic separation. Telomerase activity was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR telomeric-repeat amplification protocol assay using Opticon MJ research instrument. RESULTS: We report now that all prostate cancer patients revealed high levels of telomerase activity thereby showing 100% of the assay sensitivity. In contrast, the majority of patients with clinically confirmed benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) did not express any telomerase activity (70% of all BPH patients), most likely presenting cancer-free cases, or expressed low levels of activity (18%). However, about 12% of BPH patients revealed high levels of telomerase activity that potentially can reflect hidden prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that the quantitative analysis of telomerase activity can be useful for the selection of prostate cancer and cancer-free cases.

Cell Line, Tumor↗
PubMed1996

Myocardial ischemia due to vascular systemic amyloidosis: a quantitative analysis of autopsy findings on stenosis of the intramural coronary arteries.

A case is reported of a 65 year old man who suffered myocardial ischemia resulting from extensive stenosis of the intramural coronary arteries secondary to systemic vascular involvement by primary amyloidosis. In the myocardium, there were multiple fibrotic foci scattered mainly in the subendocardial region of the ventricle. Intramural coronary arteries were stenotic or occlusive due to amyloid-induced luminal narrowing, but there was no significant stenosis of the epicardial coronary arteries. Quantitative analysis of amyloid deposits in the intramural coronary arteries demonstrated that occlusive arteries were predominant in the surrounding area of myocardial fibrosis, and the extent of coronary stenosis by amyloid deposition was significantly more severe than in hearts of the five control patients who had coronary amyloidosis without myocardial fibrosis. These results indicate that myocardial fibrosis originates from coronary ischemia due to vascular amyloid deposition. This is the first time that the relationship between myocardial lesions and coronary amyloid deposition has been elucidated using histopathologic quantitative analysis.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Characterization and quantitative analysis with GC/TOFMS comparing enhanced separation with tandem-column stop-flow GC and spectral deconvolution of overlapping peaks.

Time-of-flight mass spectrometry is unique in that ion abundance ratios are constant over the chromatographic peak profile provided that the peak contains only one component. This provides the means for the automated finding and spectral deconvolution of overlapping chromatographic peaks from completely unknown mixtures if the mass spectra for the overlapping components are sufficiently unique. This can greatly reduce the chromatographic resolution requirements, which allows for very rapid quantitative analysis as well as for high-speed mixture characterization. High-speed GC with stop-flow operation of a series-coupled column ensemble can be used to completely separate some component pairs that coelute from the column ensemble, thus eliminating the need for spectral deconvolution of those mixture components. This provides two options for high-speed qualitative and quantitative analysis, using either the mass spectra from deconvoluted overlapping peaks or the mass spectra from the completely separated peaks obtained with stop-flow operation of the tandem column ensemble. These options are compared with respect to the similarity for spectral matching with a library and to peak area linearity with concentration, calibration plot correlation coefficients, and shot-to-shot reproducibility.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

A quantitative analysis of the mesangium in children with IgA nephropathy: sequential study.

Quantitative analysis of the mesangial matrix and cells was performed on serial renal biopsies from 41 children with IgA nephropathy. In the repeat renal biopsy, nine patients showed a significant increase of mesangial matrix, 29 showed no change and in three there was a significant decrease. Eight of the nine patients (89 per cent) with a matrix increase had persistent proteinuria at the second biopsy, whereas only 14 of the 32 (44 per cent) without a matrix increase had persistent proteinuria (P less than 0.05). Although the mesangial matrix increased in patients with persistent proteinuria, there was no decrease in patients with clinical remission. In contrast to the mesangial matrix, mesangial cells significantly decreased in 23 patients, did not change in 16, and significantly increased in only two in the second biopsy. These findings suggest that mesangial matrix increase is usually an irreversible change and that persistent proteinuria is associated with matrix increase with worsening in glomerular morphology and clinical outcome. This study indicates the importance of serial renal biopsy in children with IgA nephropathy with persistent proteinuria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Quantitative analysis of the oculomotor nuclei in the mutant microphthalmic rat.

A quantitative analysis of the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nuclei was carried out in the mutant microphthalmic rat. In this strain of rat, the eyeball is reduced to about one-third in diameter, and there is no optic nerve. Nevertheless, this strain possesses all the types of extraocular muscles; however, the volume of these muscles is reduced from 33 to 74% of the normal values. The oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nuclei in this mutant rat were found in the same location as in the normal ones. Moreover, the neurons in these nuclei in the microphthalmic rat did not appear to be any different from those in the controls. The neuronal population of these nuclei was reduced by 63% (oculomotor), 50% (trochlear), and 61% (abducens) of normal values, respectively. The long axis of all neurons of these nuclei in the microphthalmic and normal rats was measured. In all three nuclei of both strains, the size histograms showed a unimodal distribution ranging from 10 to 35 micron, with peaks at 20 to 25 micron. There was no significant difference between the normal and mutant strains. Consequently, the only influence of the shrinkage of the muscles which they supply was seen in the reduction of the cell populations of these nuclei.

Abducens Nerve↗
PubMed1987

Quantitative analysis of beta-adrenergic blocking agents by NMR spectroscopy.

The quantitative analysis by (1)H NMR of labetalol, oxprenolol and four other beta-adrenergic blocking agents is described. The method depends on the integration of selected resonances of the analyte and an internal reference which do not overlap. Procedures for the extraction of the analyte from tablets are given and corrections due to the NMR features of excipients outlined in some cases. The NMR method is reasonably precise and rapid, and the assay results compare favourably with those obtained by a UV procedure.

Journal Article↗