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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Response of pancreatic tumor to intraoperative radiotherapy: medical imaging and pathologic system approach.

For analyzing the local reaction of pancreatic carcinoma to electron intraoperative radiotherapy, successive computed tomography scanning for tumor volumetry was employed, together with surgical clip localization for tumor area using orthogonal x-rays. Soon after radiotherapy the tumor volume and clipped tumor region began to decrease. After a certain interval, computed tomography volumetry revealed that the irradiated tumor had started to increase in size again, whereas the clipped area had not. Autopsies demonstrated that the increase related chiefly to cancer regrowth outside the primary radiation field.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

[Vascular tumours and malformations, classification, pathology and imaging].

The understanding of vascular anomalies (vascular tumours and vascular malformations) was obscured, for a long time, by confusion and uncertainties in nosology and terminology. The International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) recently adopted a classification scheme, clearly separating vascular tumours (hemangiomas of different types) which result from active cell proliferation, from vascular malformations, which are inborn defects in vascular morphogenesis. These two types of lesions have different clinical behaviour and require different diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The most frequent vascular tumour is infantile hemangioma. Its clinical aspects and evolution are well-known. New data have been recently obtained concerning the phenotype of tumour cells and its histogenesis. Of the numerous new vascular tumours, which have been recently described, only the congenital hemangiomas, the vascular tumours associated with the Maffucci syndrome and the tumours that may be complicated by a profound thrombocytopenia (Kasabach and Merritt phenomenon) will be considered. Vascular malformations can be classified according to the vessel(s) types they are composed of. A classification table is presented, separating the malformations of vascular trunks from tissular malformations which are more intimately embedded in the surrounding tissues. The different syndromes associated with vascular anomalies take also place in this table. The clinical, imaging and histological aspects of the most frequent malformations (capillary, venous, lymphatic and arteriovenous) are presented. This classification intend to clarify the nosology and terminology of the complex field of vascular tumours and malformation and to offer a common language to the different physicians and specialists contributing, preferably with a interdisciplinary approach, to the diagnosis and treatment of these difficult lesions.

Arteriovenous Malformations↗
PubMed2004

Comparative study of pre-operative thymic imaging and pathology in patients with myasthenia gravis.

The objective of our study is to compare the diagnostic significance of mediastinal CT and (201)Tl-single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with thymic histology in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). The subjects were 30 patients with MG who were scheduled to receive thymectomy. They did not receive immunosuppressive therapy. The mediastinal CT and (201)Tl-SPECT were performed before the thymectomy. As a consequence, 9 patients had thymoma, 11 had lymphoid follicular hyperplasia (LFH), and 10 had normal thymus on histologic examination after thymectomy. Retrospectively, CT diagnosed the histology of all 9 patients with thymoma, and 5 of 11 with LFH. (201)Tl-SPECT could detect abnormal accumulations in only 6 of 9 cases of thymoma, and 6 of 11 cases of LFH. (201)Tl-SPECT could not distinguish thymoma from LFH. We conclude that a CT study is recommended as an essential study for the detection of thymic abnormalities in pre-operative patients with MG.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (Translocator protein 18kDa) in microglia: from pathology to imaging.

Microglia constitute the primary resident immune surveillance cell in the brain and are thought to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and HIV-associated dementia. Measuring microglial activation in vivo in patients suffering from these diseases may help chart progression of neuroinflammation as well as assess efficacy of therapies designed to modulate neuroinflammation. Recent studies suggest that activated microglia in the CNS may be detected in vivo using positron emission tomography (PET) utilizing pharmacological ligands of the mitochondrial peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR (recently renamed as Translocator protein (18kDa)). Beginning with the molecular characterization of PBR and regulation in activated microglia, we examine the rationale behind using PBR ligands to image microglia with PET. Current evidence suggests these findings might be applied to the development of clinical assessments of microglial activation in neurological disorders.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The appearance of prostate cancer on transrectal ultrasonography: correlation of imaging and pathological examinations.

Preoperative transrectal ultrasonograms in 70 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy were compared retrospectively to the histological features of whole mount sections of the surgical specimens. In 42 cases (60 per cent) the tumor could be appreciated as a hypoechoic area on the sonogram. In only 1 case did the tumor appear as a hyperechoic area. In the other 27 cases (39 per cent) the tumor was isoechoic and could not be distinguished clearly from the surrounding tissue. The smallest tumor visualized sonographically measured 4.4 mm. in diameter in the surgical specimen. There was a statistically significant correlation among tumor echogenicity, the actual tumor size and the Gleason grade. Although there was a linear correlation between the size (maximum diameter) of the tumor measured by ultrasound and that determined from the histological sections, ultrasonography generally underestimated the size of the tumor, with the maximum diameter measured sonographically being approximately 4.8 mm. smaller than the diameter measured in the whole mount sections. Of 25 nonpalpable (stage A) tumors 9 (36 per cent) were visualized on ultrasound, while of 45 palpable (stage B) tumors 11 (21 per cent) were not. Although most clinically recognized tumors can be appreciated sonographically, the tumors that are visualized tend to be larger, less well differentiated and palpable. These features favor the use of sonography to stage and monitor established prostate cancers, and suggest that tumors detected by sonography in an early detection program are likely to be clinically important cancers.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

High-resolution computed tomographic imaging and pathologic features of pulmonary veno-occlusive disease: a review of three patients.

Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is a rare and severe form of pulmonary hypertension that is often difficult to differentiate from primary pulmonary hypertension. Differentiating these two entities before medical treatment is critical, as therapy commonly indicated for patients with primary pulmonary hypertension can be harmful and even fatal in patients with PVOD. In the setting of known pulmonary hypertension, computed tomography findings that are highly suggestive of PVOD include extensive, patchy centrilobular ground-glass opacities, ill-defined nodular densities, and interlobular septal thickening. Definitive diagnosis requires lung biopsy, demonstrating fibrous obliteration of the pulmonary venules and small veins of the lobular septa, with secondary medial hypertrophy of the pulmonary arteries. The purpose of this article is to review reported radiographic clues to the diagnosis of PVOD, as well as to illustrate these high-resolution computed tomography findings along with pathologic correlation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bronchiolitis in adults: pathology and imaging.

The most common high resolution CT (HRCT) findings of bronchiolitis are centrilobular nodules and branching linear structures in the secondary pulmonary lobules or areas of air trapping. These findings can be helpful in suggesting the presence of bronchiolitis. However, they are nonspecific because there are overlapping features among various kinds of bronchiolitis. Bronchiolar or peribronchiolar inflammation appears as centrilobular nodule, while bronchiolectasis filled with secretions manifests with branching linear structure on HRCT. Air trapping is secondary to bronchiolitis. Proliferative bronchiolitis with the findings of patchy areas of consolidation or ground-glass opacity can be distinguished from other bronchiolitis. Mineral dust-induced bronchiolitis and peribronchiolar lesions in sarcoidosis present with perilymphatic (centrilobular plus perilobular) micronodules in the secondary pulmonary lobule. Bronchiolitis in hypersensitivity pneumonia appears with poorly defined centrilobular nodules, associated with ground-glass opacity and air trapping.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Real time quantification of low temperature radiofrequency ablation lesion size using phased array intracardiac echocardiography in the canine model: comparison of two dimensional images with pathological lesion characteristics.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of quantifying low temperature radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) lesions using a phased array intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) catheter--with better tissue penetration and in a deflectable device-in the canine model. INTERVENTION: Low temperature radiofrequency (RF) energy (50-60 degrees C at up to 40 W) was delivered to the left ventricle in 11 beagles for 60 seconds, using an 8 French catheter with a deflectable tip and a 4 mm distal electrode. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparison of the width and depth of RFCA lesions measured by ICE with pathological findings. RESULTS: 33 RF energies were delivered in 11 dogs. 31 lesions (94%) were confirmed at necropsy. 27 of 31 ablation lesions (87%) were detected by ICE. The mean (SD) width and depth of the ICE detected lesions were 10.4 (2.6) mm and 5.7 (1.9) mm, respectively. Pathological findings showed that RFCA lesions consisted of inner and outer layers. Macroscopically, the mean (SD) width and depth of the inner layers were 7.6 (2.3) mm and 3.6 (1.2) mm and those for the whole layers were 10.0 (2.8) mm and 5.3 (1.5) mm, respectively. Microscopically, the inner and outer layers corresponded to necrotic and oedematous areas, respectively. The ICE detected lesion size had better correlation with the pathological measurements of the whole layers in width (r = 0.911) and in depth (r = 0.756). CONCLUSION: The real time evaluation of RFCA lesion size using the phased array ICE is feasible, even with a low temperature RF application. However, ICE slightly overestimates RFCA lesion size compared with pathological necrotic lesion size.

Animals↗