[Simple determination of injection data in high pressure angiography using a nomogram disk].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Angiography↗
SEARCH · Search PubMed
Results for “nomogram model”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
[Multifactor immunopharmacological analysis. Effect of rifampicin and low-molecular immunomodulator of microbial origin on the primary immune response to fraction 1 of vaccine EV].
Multifactor analysis was applied to combined effect of a low molecular immunomodulator of microbial origin and rifampicin on the primary immune response (increased delayed type hypersensitivity and antibody titer) to the antigens of vaccine EV fraction I. Computer processing of the experimental data provided construction of the 2nd order polynomial models satisfactorily describing cellular and humoral responses in the combined therapy. For increasing the informative capacity of the analysis of the polynomial statistic models it was proposed to develop quasimonofactor relationships reflecting the factor effect on the output with changing of the other factors within the studied ranges. Nomograms (equal level lines at fixed values of one factor) were constructed which provided rapid and correct estimation of optimal values for the regulating parameters (drug doses and administration time). Immunostimulating activity of the microbial immunomodulator was estimated quantitatively and conditions for selective regulation of the cellular and humoral responses were determined.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
A new nomogram for the calculation of haemoglobin oxygen saturation by interference filter photometry.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
Nomogram displays probability of sarcoma-specific death.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Computer Simulation↗
ERP44 Is Associated With Poor Prognosis and Promotes Proliferation and Temozolomide Resistance in Lower-grade Glioma.
BACKGROUND/AIM: Endoplasmic reticulum resident protein 44 (ERP44), a protein disulfide isomerase family member, has been implicated in tumor biology, but its role in lower-grade glioma (LGG) remains unclear. This study investigated the prognostic significance and biological function of ERP44 in LGG, focusing on proliferation and temozolomide (TMZ) resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: ERP44 expression, clinicopathological associations, and prognostic value were analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) datasets. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, Cox regression, and a prognostic nomogram were constructed. Differential expression, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, immune infiltration, and drug sensitivity analyses were performed. Functional validation was conducted in SW1088 and SW1783 cells using shRNA-mediated ERP44 knockdown, followed by RT-qPCR, western blotting, CCK-8, colony formation, and TMZ IC50 assays. Subcutaneous xenograft models with or without TMZ treatment were used for in vivo validation. RESULTS: ERP44 was markedly upregulated in LGG and associated with higher WHO grade, IDH wildtype status, 1p/19q non-codeletion, and poor survival in TCGA and CGGA cohorts. ERP44 showed strong prognostic performance and improved risk stratification in a multivariable nomogram. Enrichment analyses linked high ERP44 expression to immune/inflammatory pathways and reduced neuronal functional signatures. ERP44 positively correlated with immune infiltration, proliferation/stemness markers, and predicted TMZ resistance, while its knockdown inhibited proliferation and colony formation, reduced TMZ IC50, suppressed xenograft growth, enhanced TMZ efficacy, and decreased Ki67 positivity. CONCLUSION: ERP44 is a prognostic biomarker that promotes LGG proliferation and TMZ resistance, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target.
Humans↗
Construction and evaluation of a simple membrane oxygenator for small organ perfusion.
A simple membrane oxygenator for isolated organ perfusion is described. The membrane employed consisted of an ordinary silicone rubber tubing, 2 mm internal diameter, 0.3 mm wall thickness, the length of the tubing varying according to the required gas transfer. When describing the capacity of the oxygenator, it was found that the maximum gas transfer rate per unit membrane surface was an inadequate measure, since this would vary with both flow rate through the oxygenator and the gas binding capacity of the perfusate. The following formula for the function describing the relation between maximally possible change in gas concentration in the perfusate (C), flow rate (F) and actual change in gas concentration in the perfusate (U) was proposed: U=C-e(-bF), b being a constant specific for the gas and the membrane. This formula was tested by a series of in vitro experiments and proved to give a valid description of the capacity of the oxygenator. It was also found that carbon dioxide was always more easily transferred than oxygen, so that oxygen transfer capcity was the limiting factor in the use of the oxygenator. To facilitate the construction of the right size membrane, a nomogram was constructed for oxygen transfer.
Animals↗
Echocardiographic reference values for aortic root size: the Framingham Heart Study.
The objectives of this study were to develop sex-, age-, and body size-specific nomograms and partition values for upper and lower limits of M-mode echocardiographic aortic root measurements derived from a large population-based cohort. The study sample consisted of 1433 male and 1816 female participants in the Framingham Heart Study and Framingham Offspring Study who were normotensive and free of clinically apparent heart disease at the baseline examination. Aortic root measurements were obtained by M-mode echocardiography by a leading-edge to leading-edge technique. The relations of age and measures of body size with aortic root dimensions were evaluated with sex-specific correlations and multiple stepwise linear regression analyses. Age was the most important determinant of aortic root size in both men and women in the multivariable regression models. Models with age and body surface area yielded R2 values of 0.214 in men and 0.222 in women. Models with age and height yielded lower R2 values of 0.136 in men and 0.181 in women. Thus aortic root dimensions vary widely with the age, sex, and body size of individuals. Sex-specific reference nomograms of aortic root dimensions in relation to age and body size (body surface area or height) are presented to facilitate the detection of abnormalities of aortic root size.
Adult↗
Morphometric analysis of miniature swine hearts as potential human xenografts.
Miniature swine are considered to be potential donors for clinical cardiac transplantation. However, it is unclear how an appropriately sized porcine donor will be selected for a particular human recipient. To address this issue, we performed a morphometric study of the swine heart using transthoracic echocardiography (n = 26) to determine the diameters of the aortic annulus and root, pulmonary artery annulus, and mitral valve annulus. We also obtained direct ex vivo measurements of swine heart weight and linear dimensions (n = 71). Relationships between a swine's height, weight, length, chest circumference and these internal and external cardiac dimensions are described. The strongest correlations were found between a pig's body length and its aortic annulus and root diameters (r-values = 0.97). These relationships are accurately described by univariate linear regression models. By cross-relating our morphometric measurements of aortic annulus diameter in the miniature swine with normative human data, we were able to develop a nomogram, relating swine length and human height, which predicts which miniature swine would donate the best size-matched heart for a particular human recipient.
Animals↗
Intravenous propranolol administration: a method for rapidly achieving and sustaining desired plasma levels.
A model for the intravenous administration of propranolol by a bolus-infusion technique designed to rapidly produce, then maintain, predicted plasma drug concentrations was derived from elimination kinetics in single-dose studies. Prospective testing of this model in 6 adult male subjects revealed a close correlation between predicted and observed drug levels; desired plasma concentrations were achieved within 5 min and maintained over the 30-min study period. By subtracting previously given bolus doses from the dose calculated as needed to produce a desired plasma level, progressive increases in predicted propranolol levels could be effected, with apparent maintenance of equilibrium. Correlations between the bolus doses and infusion rates and the plasma drug levels were consistent and significant, and constitute nomograms from which the dose of drug required to produce a desired plasma level may be approximated. The clearance of propranolol declined slightly as the drug plasma level increased, but did not significantly affect the accuracy of the model.
Aged↗
Biomechanical analyses of surgical correction techniques in idiopathic scoliosis: significance of bi-planar characteristics of scoliotic spines.
Biomechanical analyses of Harrington distraction, Harrington distraction-compression, Cotrel and Luque correction techniques simulated mechanically on a three-dimensional mathematical model of scoliotic spines are developed and relationships between mechanical forces and achievable corrections are derived in terms of Cobb angle, vertebral inclination from the frontal plane, and bi-plane bending stiffness of motion segments. For all four systems, nomograms between Cobb angles and corrective forces with correction factors as parameters are prepared in terms of given bi-plane characteristics of scoliotic spines. Parametric studies to show the influence of the torsion plane bending stiffness of motion segments and vertebral inclinations from the frontal plane on the mechanical effectiveness of the surgical correction techniques are presented. The mechanical effectiveness of each of the four surgical correction techniques determined with the use of this model compares reasonably well with the clinical findings.
Biomechanical Phenomena↗
Relationship between patient variables and plasma clozapine concentrations: a dosing nomogram.
BACKGROUND: Previous work has suggested factors such as gender, smoking behavior, dose, and age affect the amount of drug a patient requires to achieve a desired plasma concentration of clozapine. Plasma clozapine concentrations ranging from 350 to 504 ng/mL in treatment-refractory schizophrenics and schizoaffective patients produce response rates ranging approximately 55-80%. Without the aid of clozapine plasma concentration monitoring, 3-6 months are recommended for a therapeutic clozapine trial. Data suggest that the lag time to response can be reduced by administering a dose that produces a therapeutic clozapine concentration. METHODS: To generate a clozapine dosing nomogram to predict clozapine steady-state plasma concentrations, a cohort of 71 patients was collected via retrospective chart review and/or patient interview. Clozapine steady-state plasma concentrations and demographic variables were obtained. Multiple-linear regression was utilized to examine the relationship between the plasma clozapine concentration and the independent variables. RESULTS: The dosing model that optimally predicted steady-state clozapine plasma concentrations included the variables dose (mg/day), smoking (yes = 0 and no = 1), gender, and a dose-gender interaction variable. The model explained 47% of the variance in the clozapine concentrations (F = 14.42, p < .001, r2 = .47). Two equations, one for male subjects, i.e., clozapine (ng/mL) = 111 (smoke) + 0.464 (dose) + 145, and one for female subjects, i.e., clozapine (ng/mL) = 111 (smoke) + 1.590 (dose)-149, were derived to predict clozapine steady-state plasma concentrations to serve as a clozapine dosing guide for clinicians. CONCLUSIONS: A clozapine dosing nomogram was constructed as a clinical aid to facilitate clozapine dosing.
Adult↗
Validation of a nomogram predicting the probability of lymph node invasion based on the extent of pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer.
OBJECTIVE: To develop a multivariate nomogram to predict the rate of lymph node invasion (LNI) in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer according to the extent of extended pelvic lymphadenectomy (PLND), which is associated with significantly higher rate of LNI. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study comprised 781 consecutive patients (median age 66.6 years, range 45-85) treated with PLND and radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) for clinically localized prostate cancer. Their median (range) prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was 7 (1.03-49.91) ng/mL, and their clinical stages were T1c in 433 (55.4%), T2 in 328 (42%) and T3 in 20 (2.6%). Biopsy Gleason sums were <or= 6 in 514 (65.8%), 7 in 204 (26.1%) and 8-10 in 63 (8.1%). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to test the association between predictors including PSA level, biopsy Gleason sum, clinical stage, number of nodes removed and the rate of LNI. Finally, regression coefficients were used to develop a nomogram, which was internally validated with 200 bootstrap re-samples. RESULTS: The median (range) number of lymph nodes removed was 14 (2-40); LNI was detected in 71 patients (9.1%). The univariate predictive accuracy for total PSA level, clinical stage, biopsy Gleason sum and number of total nodes removed and examined was 64.2%, 59.8%, 74% and 62.9%, respectively. Except for PSA (P = 0.2), all variables were statistically significant multivariate predictors of LNI at RRP (P <or= 0.001). A nomogram based on clinical stage, PSA level, biopsy Gleason sum and the number of total lymph nodes removed was 78.6% accurate, and 1.8% more accurate than a nomogram without the number of removed lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS: The extent of PLND is directly related to the probability of LNI. The risk of LNI increases linearly, and is proportional to the number of nodes removed and examined. The effect of the increased probability of LNI is weighted more heavily in men with more advanced clinical stage and grade.
Aged↗
Integrative analysis of the roles and prognostic value of RNA-binding proteins in papillary renal cell carcinoma.
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) serve essential roles in various cancer types, but their functions in papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) have not been elucidated to date. In our work, differentially expressed RBPs in pRCC were identified after acquisition of RNA-sequencing and clinical data related to pRCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas database(TCGA). Functional enrichment analysis and protein interaction network analysis, along with univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, were performed to uncover potential biological effects of the identified RBPs and screen the hub RBPs for pRCC prognosis. We identified 251 up-regulated and 129 down-regulated RBPs, and filtered out seven hub RBPs, namely, SRSF8, CD3EAP, HBS1L, ELAC2, MRPL34, NOP2 and IGF2BP2, for their prognostic relevance. A prognostic risk score model for overall survival of pRCC patients was constructed based on the seven hub RBPs. Further analysis showed that the low-risk group had higher survival rate than the high-risk group in both training and validation cohorts. The predictive accuracy was verified in the Human Protein Atlas database.In addition, we introduced the GSE15641 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for independent external validation, and confirmed the expression levels of HBS1L, MRPL34 and IGF2BP2 through real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting (WB) using human renal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2 and human papillary renal cell carcinoma cell line Caki-2. In pRCC, CD3EAP was significantly elevated, while ELAC2, IGF2BP2, MRPL34, SRSF8 and HBS1L were significantly reduced. There was no significant difference between tumor and normal tissues in NOP2 expression. Risk score and tumor grade were independent prognostic factors associated with overall survival. In addition, we established a nomogram based on the seven prognostic RBPs to help predict overall survival at 1-3 years. In conclusion, seven differentially expressed hub RBPs were identified as potential prognostic biomarkers for pRCC. Our prognostic model might serve as a support for better treatment decision-making. Our work could provide potential new ideas for diagnosis and research on targeted drugs for pRCC.
Bioinformatics↗
[A compact nomogram for a comparison of the difference between 2 percentages of risks].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Clinical Trials as Topic↗
[Predicting the risk of extra-uterine pregnancy. Construction and validation of a French risk scale].
This paper reports the construction and validation of a composite measurement scale to predict the risk of ectopic pregnancy in France. The data from three case-control studies of ectopic pregnancy conducted in France were used. Fourteen potential factors were found to be associated to ectopic pregnancy, which were grouped by multiple correspondence analysis in four dimensions: infection, pelvic surgery, smoking and induced conception. Logistic regression was further used to model the relationship between candidate risk factors (single or grouped as suggested by multiple correspondence analysis) and ectopic pregnancy. The regression coefficients of the final model were scaled and rounded to integers so as to make the scoring system simpler to use. The resulting composite measurement scale was finally validated on two independent samples. It allows simple determination (with a nomogram) of the absolute risk of developing ectopic pregnancy, for a given level of risk factors. This indicator for the risk of ectopic pregnancy could be used by clinicians to predict occurrence and provide an indication as to which type of early pregnancy follow-up and information should be given to women planning a pregnancy. It could also be used to provide earlier diagnostic screening in case of mild symptoms.
Case-Control Studies↗
Vascular age: integrating carotid intima-media thickness measurements with global coronary risk assessment.
BACKGROUND: An imaging test that quantifies atherosclerotic burden and that can be integrated with existing risk stratification paradigms would be a very useful clinical tool. HYPOTHESIS: Measurement of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is feasible in a clinical setting. Such measurements can be integrated into coronary risk assessment models. METHODS: Carotid intima-media thickness was measured by B-mode ultrasound in 82 consecutive patients without manifest atherosclerotic vascular disease. The values were used to determine "vascular age" (VA) based on nomograms from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Vascular age was substituted for chronological age and standard and vascular age-adjusted 10-year coronary heart disease (CHD) risk estimates were compared. RESULTS: The mean chronological age was 55.8 +/- 9.0 years. The mean VA using CIMT was 65.5 +/- 18.9 years (p < 0.001). The Framingham 10-year hard CHD risk estimate was 6.5 +/- 4.9%. Substituting CIMT-derived VA for chronological age increased the 10-year CHD risk estimate to 8.0 +/- 6.8% (p < 0.001). Of 14 subjects initially at intermediate risk, 5 (35.7%) were reclassified as higher risk and 2 (14.3%) were reclassified as lower risk. Significant predictors of reclassification were tobacco use, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of CIMT, a noninvasive estimate of current atherosclerotic burden, is feasible in a clinical setting and can be integrated into CHD risk assessment models. Determining VA using CIMT values may help individualize the age component of population-based CHD risk estimates. This strategy should be tested in a large trial with hard clinical endpoints.
Adult↗
Relative bladder outlet obstruction.
PURPOSE: Currently bladder outlet obstruction in males is defined by the provisional International Continence Society nomogram which is partly based on expert opinion and partly on measurements before and after transurethral prostate resection. Recently there has been some interest in the development of a similar nomogram for females. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied the possibility of defining bladder outlet obstruction based on a sign that it causes, namely post-void residual urine. RESULTS: The probability of relative post-void residual urine exceeding 20% of bladder capacity was modeled in males and females using 1 parameter, that is URA/w20 or the ratio of the obstruction parameter urethral resistance factor (URA)-to-the bladder contractility parameter Watts factor at 20% (w20). URA/w20 represents relative bladder outlet resistance or bladder outlet resistance normalized to bladder contractility. Above a threshold of URA/w20 = 6.8 in females and 8.2 in males a relative post-void residual exceeding 20% was noted in 90% of measurements. These thresholds may be used to define relative obstruction. The provisional International Continence Society nomogram for obstruction in males was transformed into an identical nomogram for females by equating the probabilities of post-void residual urine in each gender. The latter differed from that in men, in that the lines demarcating the zones were horizontal or flow rate independent but the intercepts were approximately the same at 20 and 40 cm. water. CONCLUSIONS: Instead of defining obstruction as an absolute level of bladder outlet resistance we suggest that it is better to define it relatively, that is as a level of bladder outlet resistance that depends on bladder contractility.
Female↗
[Corneal topographic alteration after radiofrequency application to an animal model].
PURPOSE: To verify the topographical alterations in enucleated pig eye cornea after radiofrequency application. METHODS: A prototype radiofrequency modulator with 10 different energy possibilities was used. For each energy we used 10 enucleated pig eyes that were topographed before and after applying radiofrequency, following a nomogram with 8 spots in step one, 16 spots in step 2, and 24 spots in step 3, in a total of 3 steps for each eye, 300 applications and 400 topographies. RESULTS: Corneal curvature variation occurred after radiofrequency applications for all utilized selections, demonstrated by the mean variation of initial KM (minimum dioptry) and final KM (35.78 and 37.37 respectively) with 1.59 dioptries of variation (p<0.001). The energy that demonstrated more stability was 0.625 W/s (65 degrees C). CONCLUSION: The obtained topographic values demonstrated that the central corneal curvature increased after radiofrequency application, and the higher the energy and the more spots used, more curved became the cornea, despite homogeneity.
Animals↗