Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “conception”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Self-disclosure as a function of self-concept and sex.

It was hypothesized that the amount of self-disclosure occurring in a dyadic interaction would be a function of the level of self-concept and the sex of the subjects, with high self-concept subjects and females disclosing more than low self-concept subjects and males. Two hundred and ten subject (105 females and 105 males) were measured for level of self-concept and then paired so that every possible combination of high, medium, and low self-concept subject paired with a partner of high, medium, or low self-concept, and a partner of the same or opposite sex, occurred. The amount of self-disclosure that occurred in the dyadic interaction was measured. It was found that self-concept was significantly related to the amount of self-disclosure. High self-concept subjects were more responsive to the level of self-concept of their partners than were other subjects. There was no relationship between the sex of the subject and the amount of self-disclosure.

Female↗
PubMed1981

Sexual identity and self-concept.

This study investigated the relationship among gender, social sex roles, and sexual orientation as components of sexual identity, and the relationship of these components to the overall self-concept. It was found that each component was individually important in the relationship of sexual identity to self-concept. The interaction between sex and sexual orientation suggested that different combinations of the female, male, heterosexual, and homosexual components had different relationships to self-concept. Women had higher scores than men on moral-ethical and family self-concepts. Homosexual persons as a group had self-concepts in the normal range, though they showed a greater number of minor deviations across several areas of self-concept than did their heterosexual counterparts. The homosexual sample endorsed more sex roles typical of the opposite sex than did the heterosexual sample, but the two groups did not differ in frequency of same-sex roles. Sex roles were related to self-concept in men but not in women. Among men, masculine and androgynous sex roles were associated with positive self-concept while feminine and undifferentiated sex roles were associated with less positive self-concepts. This supports the model of sex roles in which femininity and masculinity are conceived of and measured as separate dimensions.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

A longitudinal study of students' academic self-concept in a streamed setting: the Singapore context.

BACKGROUND: Although several studies support the existence of a negative stream effect on lower-ability stream students' academic self-concept, there is not enough longitudinal research evidence to preclude the possibility that the stream effect may only be temporary. In addition, not much is known about the effect of streaming on changes in students' academic self-concept over time. AIMS: The main aims of the study were to examine the effect of streaming on (a) the students' academic self-concept immediately after the streaming process, and at yearly intervals for 3 consecutive years, and (b) the changes in students' academic self-concept over a 3 year period. SAMPLE: The sample comprised 495 Secondary 1 students (approximate age 13) from three government coeducational schools in Singapore. METHOD: A longitudinal survey using a self-reported questionnaire. RESULTS: Results showed that the lower-ability stream students had a more negative academic self-concept than the higher-ability stream students immediately after streaming, but they had a more positive academic self-concept 3 years after being streamed. In addition, it was established that the students' academic self-concept declined from Secondary 1 to Secondary 3. Nonetheless, the decline was more pronounced for the higher-ability stream students than the lower-ability stream students. CONCLUSIONS: Streaming may have a short-term negative impact on lower-ability stream students' academic self-concept. However, in the long run, being in the lower-ability stream may not be detrimental to their academic self-concept.

Achievement↗
PubMed2006

[A review study on the strategies for concept analysis].

PURPOSE: Concept analysis is an essential part of theory development in nursing. Thus, many strategies or methods of concept analysis have been suggested in nursing literature. However, in Korea, only limited strategies were utilized, without much consideration on a wide range of strategies in choosing a method that coincides with the characteristics of each concept to analyze. The purpose of this article was to propose various strategies for concept analysis. METHOD: A literature review method was used. RESULT: Ten methods of concept analysis were identified in the literature, and they were evaluated for advantages and limitations. In addition to the method by Walker and Avant and a hybrid model, more advanced strategies, such as triangulation method, critical analysis and the feminist approach were introduced and described in detail. The examples used in each concept analysis method were presented in table to provide the extent of utilization of each method. CONCLUSION: This article provides a wide range of strategies in identifying, clarifying, or elaborating a concept. It might help in choosing a method that best fits the concept to analyze, thus enhancing quality of concept analysis research.

Concept Formation↗
PubMed1989

[Self-concept of school-age children: the norm in Kaohsiung].

This study has two objectives: (1) to establish the norm of three graphical projective tests (Children's Social-Self Test, Children's Attitude Inventory and Children's Self-Concept Inventory), and (2) to explore the influence of sex, order of birth, social economic status of family, and leadership of class that effect self-concept of the school-age children. These subjects are selected from elementary schools in Kaohsiung, twenty-two classes are drawn out from each grade by systemic-random sampling. Then two classes are drawn out from 22 classes at random to arrange retest for reliability. The total subjects are 6207 students. From October 1987 to June 1988, six researchers are divided into three group to conduct the test. Besides establishing the norm, we find results from analysis of data as follow: 1. The reliability and validity of three graphical projective tests are good, they can be used for assessing the self-concept of school-age children. 2. The grade, sex, order of birth, social economic status of family, leadership of class all influence the self-concept of school-age children. 3. The self-concept and the grade has negative correlation. 4. The self-concept and the social economic status of family has positive correlation. 5. The girls have higher self-concept than the boys. 6. The order of first-born or second-born has higher self-concept than the others. 7. The ones who are leaders of class have higher self-concept than the others.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Pregnant moments: the process of conception in infertile couples.

This report is an explication of the process of conception in infertile couples as illuminated by 24 infertile couples and a comparison group of 6 couples with no fertility impairments. Employing techniques generic to grounded theory research, the investigators found that infertile couples lived conception as a series of biological and phenomenological moments. The process of biomedically-assisted conception consisted of three components including: (a) forcing conception; (b) resolving conceptional ambiguity; and (c) reconciling conception as an idea and as an event. The findings suggest the need for a re-examination of current orientations to pregnancy time and space and appraisal of couples' interpretations of conception. In addition, the convergence of the conception experiences of infertile and fertile couples raises questions about the meaning of normal conception in the current technological context of reproduction.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[New concepts in mental health].

To what extent can one speak to-day of new concepts in the mental health field? There have existed for a long-time (since, for example, the Mental Hygiene Movement and the tendency Preventive Psychiatry in the United States) new programmes for the administration of care which aim at going beyond the 'repair model' (Goffman) of classical psychological medicine, and at developing a 'positive concept' of health (after William A. White in 1930). In the same spirit, psychoanalysis has promoted a dynamic concept of psychic disturbance which transcends the static opposition of health and illness. Finally, the insistence on systematic prevention of risks also follows the tendency to transcend the medical relationship. Thus, the conditions for bringing about, conserving and developing mental health have long ceased to be susceptible to thinking out from the base of clinical psychiatric concepts. These important transformations in the conceptions of mental health do not, however, guarantee their establishment in practice. We have chosen to emphasize here the point of view of the application (or non-application) of 'new concepts' in effective policies, rather dealing only with the theoretical text from which they have emerged, or declarations of intention that proclaim their merits. This article attempts firstly an evaluation of the reform movements that have developed since the end of the Second World War, mainly in the United States and in France with the following question as point of departure: "To what extent have modern mental health policies been innovative in relation to classical psychiatry dominated by a medical conception of mental health, that is to say a model that is "repair-oriented" or curative rather than positive or preventive"? Firstly, the achievements of the Community Health Centres in the United States and the Policy of the Sector (politique de secteur) in France is analysed. In both cases the 'theoretical' programmes of the promoters are compared to that which has been accomplished in fact. What, concretely, has happened to the will to "enlarge the conception of mental health to include concepts that no longer include mental disorder", as proclaimed by Leonard J. Duhl in summing up the spirit of the Community Mental Health Centres and Retardation Act? The article attempts this evaluation on a three-fold level: new theoretical models envisaged, new forms of intervention put into practice and the institutional transformations that have been introduced during the last 30 years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMed2001

Seasonality in conception of births and influence on late initiation of prenatal care.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is a summer peak in conception of births to adolescents (up to 17 years) compared with older teenagers (18-19 years) and adults (20-29 years), and to assess the influence of season of conception on late initiation of prenatal care. METHODS: We analyzed 1,178,607 singleton births to women aged 29 years and younger in Texas between 1994 and 1998. Dates of conception were estimated using last menstrual period and clinical estimates of gestation. Proportions of births conceived per month were assessed for seasonal patterns. Proportions of births with late initiation of prenatal care were also compared by month of conception. The outcomes were further stratified by sociodemographic variables. RESULTS: There was a consistent summer trough (7.5% in August) and year-end peak (9.1% in December) in conception of births to adolescents (P <.001), a pattern similar to that of older teenagers and adults. Among the adolescents, students and non-Hispanic women giving birth presented a secondary early summer peak (8.8% each in May and June) in their conceptions. There was a modest bimodal effect of season of conception on initiation of prenatal care in all age groups. Adolescent conceptions in April-May and September-October were 14-18% and 6% significantly more likely to have late prenatal care compared with other months, respectively. CONCLUSION: Adolescents giving birth in Texas were not more likely to conceive in the summer. They did present seasonal patterns of conception and late initiation of prenatal care similar to older women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Shared understandings: negotiating the meanings of health via concept mapping.

This paper discusses a project undertaken to explore the effectiveness of concept mapping in assisting students to develop positive concepts of health. Positive concepts of health are central to the notion of health promotion. While strategies for health promotion are included in all nursing education programmes in Australia, to date there have been few strategies that are oriented towards promoting the development of positive concepts of health discussed in the literature. If student nurses are to become health-promoting practitioners, health teaching in nursing education must employ teaching strategies which clarify for students the differences between positive and negative concepts of health. One such strategy is concept mapping, which was developed as an educational tool to foster meaningful learning. Concept maps work to identify misconceptions in relation to a topic by clarifying the essential points, thus opening the way for concept change. This paper discusses the results of using concept mapping within the context of an abstract subject such as health, identifies difficulties in evaluating the strategy and makes recommendations about how these might be overcome.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1999

The troublesome concept of the person.

In today's bioethical debates, the concept of the person plays a major role. However, it does not hold this role justly. The purpose of this paper is to argue that the concept of the person is unsuited to be a central concept in bioethical debates, because its use is connected with serious problems. First, the concept is superfluous. Secondly, it is a confusing concept and it lacks pragmatic use. Thirdly, its use leads to simplifications. Finally, the concept can easily be used as a cover-up concept. Therefore, it is argued that relinquishing the concept of the person could enhance the clarity and quality of bioethical debate. Moreover, the historic origin of much of the present confusion surrounding the concept of the person is clarified. It is demonstrated that three influences resulting from Locke's ideas on the person and personal identity can be determined as contributing factors to the confusion and controversy within the present bioethical debates centering around the person.

Beginning of Human Life↗
PubMed1991

Effects of centrality on retrieval of text-based concepts.

Four experiments examined the effect of centrality on retrieval time using a wide range of testing conditions. Subjects read passages containing concepts that were rated as central, moderately central, or peripheral to a passage, and then were asked to retrieve those concepts. Experiment 1 used a probe recognition task that contained foils that were unrelated to the passage, and it was found that central concepts were recognized more quickly than peripheral concepts. In Experiment 2, the foils were passage related, resulting in a much larger recognition advantage of central concepts over peripheral concepts. Experiment 3 used a speeded-recall task. Again central concepts were recalled more quickly than less central concepts. Experiment 4 ruled out a simple strength argument. The results of all four experiments are discussed in terms of text being represented as an integrated network. Within this network, central concepts are more interconnected, providing additional access routes that facilitate retrieval.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1993

Feminism: a concept analysis.

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the concept of feminism in order to clarify a sociological concept for its use in nursing theory and practice. This analysis is carried out using the Walker & Avant (1988) model. It includes: a literature review, an overview of the uses of the concept drawn from the literature, the defining attributes and the justification of their choice, the cases to demonstrate the concept, and the concept criteria. The concept was chosen out of an interest in developing a feminist nursing theory and desire to enhance nursing practice. The literature search proved most fruitful in the sociological literature. The nursing sources were fewer and concerned with practice rather than articulating any feminist nursing theory. Many of these sources were sociologists and nurses. The concept of feminism was defined as the concern with gender equality and the promotion of equal rights for men and woman, the expression of these concerns through theory or action, and the valuing of individuals for their contributions to society rather than their biological or sexual characteristics or roles. Although the concept of feminism was defined and analysed within the model suggested by Walker & Avant, the author found that the concept became oversimplified, losing much of the richness of the literature. The author felt that, for any development of theory or practice, this analysis would have to be expanded. It is argued that their model is too restrictive as it is based on positivist philosophy which seeks to establish divisions where, in fact, there is a blurring of meaning.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Female↗
PubMed2001

Refinement of the concept of uncertainty.

AIMS: To analyse the conceptual maturity of uncertainty; to develop an expanded theoretical definition of uncertainty; to advance the concept using methods of concept refinement; and to analyse congruency with the conceptualization of uncertainty presented in the theory of hope, enduring, and suffering. BACKGROUND: Uncertainty is of concern in nursing as people experience complex life events surrounding health. In an earlier nursing study that linked the concepts of hope, enduring, and suffering into a single theoretical scheme, a state best described as 'uncertainty' arose. This study was undertaken to explore how this conceptualization fit with the scientific literature on uncertainty and to refine the concept. DESIGN/METHODS: Initially, a concept analysis using advanced methods described by Morse, Hupcey, Mitcham and colleagues was completed. The concept was determined to be partially mature. A theoretical definition was derived and techniques of concept refinement using the literature as data were applied. FINDINGS: The refined concept was found to be congruent with the concept of uncertainty that had emerged in the model of hope, enduring and suffering. CONCLUSIONS: Further investigation is needed to explore the extent of probabilistic reasoning and the effects of confidence and control on feelings of uncertainty and certainty.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2002

A theoretical extension of the concept of energy through an empirical study.

A theoretical extension of the concept of energy through an empirical study This paper extends the concept of energy as a multifaceted concept of the experience of energy and proposes a theoretical model regarding the understanding of the experience of energy. The hybrid model of concept development (Schwartz-Barcott and Kim, 2000) was used in a qualitative empirical study with a sample of athletes and chronically ill individuals. The concept of energy presented is a global concept and can be placed within the much-discussed concept of fatigue. Focusing on energy implicates a resource approach to individuals experiencing fatigue. A theoretical model for the experience of energy emerging from this study includes the subconcepts of the feeling of energy, perceived energy capacity, energy management, and performance of activities. Two sets of strategies within the concept of energy management are identified as energy economizing and energy generating. This article explores the potential of the concept of energy in describing fatigue as a health problem. Implications for clinical practice and further theoretical development are suggested.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1995

Validity of the Applied Rehabilitation Concepts (ARCON) system for lumbar range of motion.

STUDY DESIGN: This study compared a new computerized method of assessing lumbar range of motion, the Applied Rehabilitation Concepts, with standard dual inclinometry. Motions examined were flexion, extension, right and left lateral flexion, and right and left straight leg raising. OBJECTIVES: The Applied Rehabilitation Concepts and dual inclinometry data were examined to obtain the reliability for each method and to compare values obtained between the two methods. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Because standard inclinometry as described in the American Medical Association's "Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment" is cumbersome, time-consuming, and requires considerable patient compliance, a computerized method that could give us comparable results would be desirable. This is the first study to compare the Applied Rehabilitation Concepts computerized system with standard dual inclinometry. METHODS: In Part 1, 34 (16 male, 18 female) young adults (22.8 +/- 4.9 years old) each performed four separate testing sessions in random order, two with the Applied Rehabilitation Concepts system and two with dual inclinometry. In Part 2, 33 (16 male, 17 female) young adults (21.7 +/- 3.8 years old) performed four separate Applied Rehabilitation Concepts sessions, in random order, two with the previously used techniques, and two with improved stabilization techniques. RESULTS: In Part 1, dual inclinometry and the Applied Rehabilitation Concepts system lacked repeatability. The two methods correlated highly with each other, although consistent differences were seen for some of the measurements. In Part 2, improved stabilization techniques resulted in higher reliability for Applied Rehabilitation Concepts measurements. CONCLUSIONS: The Applied Rehabilitation Concepts system provided fairly reliable results when improved stabilization techniques were employed. However, because of differences in lumbar range of motion values obtained, impairment ratings based on standard inclinometry may not be appropriate for measurements obtained on the Applied Rehabilitation Concepts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Population-based incremental interactive concept learning for image retrieval by stochastic string segmentations.

We propose a method for concept-based medical image retrieval that is a superset of existing semantic-based image retrieval methods. We conceive of a concept as an incremental and interactive formalization of the user's conception of an object in an image. The premise is that such a concept is closely related to a user's specific preferences and subjectivity and, thus, allows to deal with the complexity and content-dependency of medical image content. We describe an object in terms of multiple continuous boundary features and represent an object concept by the stochastic characteristics of an object population. A population-based incrementally learning technique, in combination with relevance feedback, is then used for concept customization. The user determines the speed and direction of concept customization using a single parameter that defines the degree of exploration and exploitation of the search space. Images are retrieved from a database in a limited number of steps based upon the customized concept. To demonstrate our method we have performed concept-based image retrieval on a database of 292 digitized X-ray images of cervical vertebrae with a variety of abnormalities. The results show that our method produces precise and accurate results when doing a direct search. In an open-ended search our method efficiently and effectively explores the search space.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2006

Patients' conceptions of quality care and barrier care.

AIM: To describe patients' conceptions of quality care and barrier care. METHODS: As this study concerned conceptions of care, a phenomenographic approach was chosen. Fourteen adult orthopaedic patients participated. Data-collection was performed by means of semi-structured interviews. The qualitative data were analysed with two foci, conceptions of quality care and conceptions of barrier care. Different categories of understanding, that is, conceptions, constitute the the essential outcome of phenomenographic analysis. The research was conducted in one county hospital and in one regional hospital situated in different cities in the south of Sweden. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Patients' conceptions of quality care resulted in six categories. When comparing the findings with previous research in this field, the findings of the present study confirmed to a large extent the findings from other studies of quality care. Patients' conceptions of barrier care resulted in five categoris. The conceptions of barrier care must be considered as elements in patients' conceptions of quality care, and this must be called atention to in efforts to measure patient satisfaction and in analyses of good care. It also can influence health care workers' compliance to guidelines in infection control procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Conceptions of gender--a study of female and male head nurses' statements.

BACKGROUND: Gender can be seen as a construction in which history, culture and social relation are central. Thus, the construction remains strong can be explained by the fact that the existing conceptions about gender are continually passed on. It is not known how conceptions about gender in the context of Swedish health care are expressed by head nurses or what significance the conceptions have for their leadership. AIM: To study head nurses' statements about their conceptions of gender and what significance these conceptions have in carrying out their work. METHODS: Thematic interviews were held with 36 head nurses, and the contents of the transcribed interviews were analysed. RESULTS: The results showed conceptions about men's direct and women's roundabout ways of communicating. Statements were also made concerning how men are oriented towards technical matters and women towards relationships, and how men are expected to show what they can do to a greater extent than women. These conceptions have an effect on head nurses in their work, as they are expected to live up to them. As we wished to obtain variation in the respondents' statements about gender, we conducted an interview study. Hence, the transferability of the findings is a question of conceptualization, and the conceptions we recorded cannot be seen as representative for all head nurses. The results imply, however, that greater awareness about conceptions of gender may promote greater equality in women's and men's careers and allow greater freedom to head nurses to do what they themselves feel they should do instead of what they are expected to do.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗