Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Vitis”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Nutritive value of different grape musts (Vitis vinifera L.).

Musts of 11 different grape sorts were analyzed for titratable acids, total sugars, nitrogen, vitamin B group (B1, B2, B6, pantothenic acid) and macro- and micro elements (K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Mo). Analyses were done on samples collected in 1983 and 1984. The nutritive value of each sample was characterised by indices based on the nutrient concentrations and recommended dietary allowances (RDA). The nutritive values of the various grape must sorts were generally similar to those of the following vintage. Favourable climatic conditions had a positive effect on the nutritive values.

Fruit↗
PubMed2002

Complete sequence of Tvv1, a family of Ty 1 copia-like retrotransposons of Vitis vinifera L., reconstituted by chromosome walking.

A chromosome-walking strategy was used to sequence and characterize retrotransposons in the grapevine genome. The reconstitution of a family of retroelements, named Tvv1, was achieved by six successive steps. These elements share a single, highly conserved open reading frame 4,153 nucleotides-long, putatively encoding the gag, pro, int, rt and rh proteins. Comparison of the Tvv1 open reading frame coding potential with those of drosophila copia and tobacco Tnt1, revealed that Tvv1 is closely related to Ty 1 copia-like retrotransposons. A highly variable untranslated leader region, upstream of the open reading frame, allowed us to differentiate Tvv1 variants, which represent a family of at least 28 copies, in varying sizes. This internal region is flanked by two long terminal repeats in direct orientation, sized between 149 and 157 bp. Among elements theoretically sized from 4,970 to 5,550 bp, we describe the full-length sequence of a reference element Tvv1-1, 5,343 nucleotides-long. The full-length sequence of Tvv1-1 compared to pea PDR1 shows a 53.3% identity. In addition, both elements contain long terminal repeats of nearly the same size in which the U5 region could be entirely absent. Therefore, we assume that Tvv1 and PDR1 could constitute a particular class of short LTRs retroelements.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Grapevine fleck virus-like viruses in Vitis.

Two sets of degenerate primers for the specific amplification of 572-575 nt and 386 nt segments of the methyltransferase and RNA- dependent RNA polymerase cistrons of members of the genera Tymovirus and Marafivirus and of the unassigned virus Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV) were designed on the basis of available sequences. These primers were used for amplifying and subsequent cloning and sequencing part of the open reading frame 1 of the genome of GFkV, Grapevine asteroid mosaic-associated virus (GAMaV) and of another previously unreported virus, for which the name Grapevine red globe virus (GRGV) is proposed. Computer-assisted analysis of the amplified genome portions showed that the three grapevine viruses are phylogenetically related with one another and with sequenced tymoviruses and marafiviruses. The relationships with tymoviruses was confirmed by the type of ultrastructural modifications induced in the host cells. RdRp-specific degenerate primers were successfully used for the aspecific detection of the three viruses in crude grapevine sap extracts. Specific virus identification was obtained with RT-PCR using antisense virus-specific primers.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2000

Effects of copper exposure upon nitrogen metabolism in tissue cultured Vitis vinifera.

The present study analyses the effects of copper treatment on nitrogen metabolism in a closed system. Sauvignon grapevines were cultured in agar and exposed to copper levels ranging from 0.07 (control) to 5 µg Cu g(-1) medium. Ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, individual and total amino acids and protein contents were determined in root, and leaves. Enzyme activities of nitrate and nitrite reductases, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase and glutamate dehydrogenase were also determined. Copper exposure produces a dramatic change in nitrogen metabolism, with a reduction of total nitrogen, which reflects the reduction on nitrate and free amino acid contents in both root and leaves. The assimilation of nitrate the main nitrogen source in the medium, requires nitrate reductase, which is reduced to negligible activity as response to copper exposure. Primary nitrogen metabolism is also reduced in leaves, although to a lesser extent than in roots, which may explain the differences between the two organs in response to copper exposure. An alternative system for assimilation of nitrogen through glutamate dehydrogenase in roots is proposed, while higher levels of ammonium and glutamine may fullfil the needs of organic nitrogen in the leaves.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Phenolic and volatile composition of wines made from Vitis vinifera cv. Muscat lefko grapes from the island of Samos.

A study of the phenolic and volatile composition of wines produced from the white cultivar Muscat lefko from the island of Samos was conducted. Dry, fortified, naturally sweet wines and mistelles (aged and nonaged) have been studied. The phenolic components (flavan-3-ols, hydroxycinnamates, and flavonols) were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography after solid phase extraction (SPE). The terpenes (free and glycosidically linked) were determined by the use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after SPE. The fermentation aroma components were analyzed by GC-MS after liquid-liquid extraction. It was found that the dry wines contained lower amounts of most of the phenolics and higher quantities of terpenes and fermentation aroma compounds than the sweet wines. The aged mistelle wines contained lower levels of coutaric and caftaric acids, higher concentrations of the free acids, and markedly fewer free and bound terpenes and fermentation aroma components compared to the other sweet wines. The naturally sweet wine contained relatively increased amounts of phenolics, 2,3-butanediol, and glycosidically linked terpenes.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2000

Genetic fingerprinting of grape plant (Vitis vinifera) using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and dynamic size-sieving capillary electrophoresis.

Dynamic size-sieving capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (DSCE-LIF) was combined with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis to demonstrate the feasibility of the genetic analysis of grape plant varieties and clones within a variety. Parameters of the genomic DNA extraction process, as well as those of the RAPD analysis, were optimized specifically for this application. Polymorphic DNA fragments were generated for four different grape plant varieties including Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, and Chardonnay. Relative to slab gel electrophoresis (SGE) with ethidium bromide staining, DSCE-LIF provided superior separation efficiency and detection limits in the analysis of DNA polymorphic bands. Optimal DSCE-LIF analyses were achieved using a 10-fold RAPD sample dilution, hydrodynamic sample injection, and 100 ng/mL of YO-PRO-1 DNA intercalator in the dynamic size-sieving buffer solution. In addition, the reproducibility of both the DSCE-LIF and RAPD analyses were demonstrated.

DNA Fingerprinting↗
PubMed2001

Volatile compounds released by enzymatic hydrolysis of glycoconjugates of leaves and grape berries from Vitis vinifera Muscat of Alexandria and Shiraz cultivars.

Glycoconjugates from Muscat of Alexandria and Shiraz leaves and grape berries were isolated by adsorption on Amberlite XAD-2 resin, and enzymatically released aglycons were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. About 120 aglycons were fully or tentatively identified. Compositional differences were observed between leaves and berries of the two varieties in five aglycon chemical groups: C6 alcohols, aliphatic alcohols, monoterpenes, shikimates, and C(13)-norisoprenoids, which were much more abundant in the leaves than in the berries. The differences observed for C(13)-norisoprenoids were in agreement with their hypothetical independent biosynthesis in leaves and berries. Thus, 3-hydroxy-beta-damascone, an important norisoprenoid aglycon of grape berries, was not detected in leaves, whereas its oxidized derivative, 3-oxo-alpha-damascone, was absent in berries. Compositional differences were also observed between Muscat and Shiraz leaves. 3-Oxo-alpha-ionol was not detected in Shiraz leaves, and its retro derivatives were less abundant than in Muscat of Alexandria leaves. Conversely, in Shiraz leaves the levels of 7,8-dihydroionone derivatives, such as megastigman-3,9-diol and 3-oxo-7,8-dihydro-alpha-ionol, were higher than in Muscat of Alexandria leaves.

Fruit↗
PubMed1999

Assessment of the native electrophoretic analysis of total grape must proteins for the characterization of Vitis vinifera L. cultivars.

The findings of an ampelographic analysis of vines belonging to a Germoplasm Bank were compared to the results of native electrophoresis of the total proteins in their musts. Cluster analysis of the data from the morphological description produced correct groupings, in terms of variety, for all samples. When cluster analysis was performed on the electrophoretic data, 10 of the 11 musts studied were grouped correctly. Electrophoresis was also performed on 30 musts made from a mixture of grapes from large vineyards. In the cluster analysis of the electrophoretic data on the proteins of the 41 musts studied, all the musts are grouped correctly in terms of variety. Electrophoretic analysis of proteins is a simple technique that can be used routinely, provides complementary information to morphological analysis for varietal characterization of vines, and in the majority of cases, makes it possible to ascertain the grape variety from which musts originate.

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel↗
PubMed1999

Isolation of isolectins from Vitis vinifera L. Cv. Chardonnay grape berries.

A lectin fraction from Chardonnay grape juice has been isolated by affinity chromatography on a column of p-aminophenyl beta-D-glucoside-derivatized agarose. The lectin fractions agglutinate rabbit and human erythrocytes without serological specificity. None of the usual monosaccharides, glycosides, or glycoproteins inhibit the hemagglutinating activity. Erythroagglutination is only inhibited by nitrophenyl glycosides, p-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucoside being the strongest inhibitor. In SDS-PAGE in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol and gel filtration HPLC, the lectin fraction gave a single band or peak corresponding to M(r) 13.2-11.9 kDa, thus indicating it to be a monomer. Three bands were observed by isoelectric focusing with pI values of 4.1, 4. 4, and 4.9. The isolectins seem to be glycoproteins since they are bound on a concanavalin A-Sepharose column.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Effects of copper exposure in tissue cultured Vitis vinifera.

The present study determined the effects of copper treatment on some biochemical parameters in a closed system. Sauvignon grapevines were cultured in agar and exposed to copper levels ranging from 0.07 to 10 microg Cu/g medium. Chlorophylls, carotenoids, lipids, sucrose, soluble sugars, starch, cellulose, and minerals in root, leaves, and sap were determined. Copper levels over 5 microg Cu/g inhibit root and plantlet development. Copper-exposed plants have higher levels of chlorophylls and carotenoids as well as total lipids. Soluble sugars decrease without changes in starch or sucrose. Copper concentration increases dramatically in roots and leaves. Iron concentrations are lower in leaves, although they increase in roots, with respect to control plants. Sap flow and translocation of essential elements are reduced. Reduction of K translocation can be related to limited use of water by the plant and, thus, reduction in growth and physiological activity.

Carbohydrates↗
PubMed2000

Effects of vine or bunch shading on the glycosylated flavor precursors in grapes of Vitis vinifera L. Cv. syrah.

Effects of the modification of vine or bunch environment on glycoconjugates were studied in Syrah berries over two years. Vines were shaded from berry set to maturity, with black polyethylene nets of different mesh size to obtain 30 and 50% of the direct sunlight. Bunches were naturally shaded by the leaves or artificially with 90% shade bags. Sun-exposed berries were chosen as control berries. A quantitative decrease in levels of glycoconjugates was observed in shaded bunches, particularly for phenolic and C(13)-norisoprenoidic glycosides. In the same way, vine shading caused a decrease in the contents of glycosides of terpenols, phenols, and C(13)-norisoprenoids in berries, but the grape environment (microclimate) affected the berry composition more than the vine environment. A cluster thinning experiment confirmed the independence of grapes with regard to the plant for the biosynthesis of the C(13)-norisoprenoid glycosides.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2000

A powerful aromatic volatile thiol, 2-furanmethanethiol, exhibiting roast coffee aroma in wines made from several Vitis vinifera grape varieties.

The chemical compound 2-furanmethanethiol (2FM), with a strong roast coffee aroma, has been identified in sweet white wines made from the Petit manseng grape variety, and in certain red Bordeaux wines (made from the Merlot, Cabernet franc, and Cabernet sauvignon grape varieties). This was done by extracting specific volatile thiols using p-hydroxymercuribenzoate. The 2FM has also been found in toasted oak used in barrel-making. All the Petit manseng sweet white wines and some of the red Bordeaux wines analyzed contained between a few ng/L and several dozen ng/L of 2FM. Taking into account its very low perception threshold (0.4 ng/L in a model hydro alcoholic environment), 2FM could therefore contribute to the roast coffee aroma of certain wines.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed2000

Measuring the aromatic potential of Vitis vinifera L. Cv. Sauvignon blanc grapes by assaying S-cysteine conjugates, precursors of the volatile thiols responsible for their varietal aroma.

The method presented for measuring the aromatic potential of Sauvignon blanc must is based on an assay of the S-cysteine conjugate precursors of three volatile thiols involved in the characteristic aroma of wines made from this grape variety: 4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-one, 4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-ol, and 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol. These compounds were released enzymatically from their precursors by percolating the must through an immobilized tryptophanase column (EC 4.1.99.1), catalyzing an alpha, beta-elimination reaction on the S-cysteine conjugate. The volatile thiols were analyzed by GC-MS, as were the deuterated analogues that had been released from synthesized deuterated precursors and were added as internal standards. The quantities of volatile thiols released under these conditions were proportional to the S-cysteine conjugate content of the must.

Cysteine↗
PubMed2000

Toward the authentication of varietal wines by the analysis of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) residual DNA in must and wine using microsatellite markers.

In an attempt to develop a technique for the identification of grape cultivars in commercial wines, a method for the extraction of DNA from must and experimental wines was adapted and optimal PCR conditions for the amplification of this DNA were established. DNA was analyzed during the fermentation process for six cultivars (Chardonnay, Clairette blanche, Grenache noir, Merlot, Muscat blanc à petits grains, and Syrah). The extractions were performed on solid parts in suspension as well as on the aqueous fraction. Expected profiles for these cultivars were obtained with DNA extracted from the solid parts during all of the fermentation process and for the wine. The analysis of DNA extracted from aqueous fractions was less reproducible, and microsatellite amplifications were obtained only in the case of Clairette blanche, Merlot, and Syrah wines. Results demonstrate that the purification process is adequate for the analysis but that the DNA concentration represents the main limiting factor. Technical improvements of the method are discussed.

DNA↗
PubMed2001

A cDNA from grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), which shows homology to AGAMOUS and SHATTERPROOF, is not only expressed in flowers but also throughout berry development.

An AGAMOUS/SHATTERPROOF homologue (Vvmads1) was isolated from grapevine by differential display between berry and leaf mRNA. The predicted protein sequence of the full-length clone shows a high degree of homology to PLENA (77% identity) and to SHP1 and SHP2 (75% and 74% identity respectively), and is grouped with AGAMOUS/PLENA homologues when the conserved MADS and K domains are compared. Vvmads1 is expressed only in the later stages of flower development and throughout berry development, although expression is reduced after ripening commenced. When Vvmads1 was over-expressed in tobacco, the resulting plants display altered morphologies in the outer two floral whorls. In the most extreme cases, the inner whorls were surrounded by a carpelloid structure created by the modified sepals. Within these sepals were petals which had been split into sections and which were attached at the base of the flower by structures with the appearance of filaments. The results of this study suggest that Vvmads1 has a regulatory role in flower development before fertilisation and a role in fruit development after fertilisation.

AGAMOUS Protein, Arabidopsis↗