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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Valvular incompetence in superficial, deep and perforator veins of limbs with varicose veins.

Venous valvular incompetence was investigated with Doppler technique in 296 limbs with untreated primary varicose veins. Partial or complete insufficiency of the long saphenous vein was found in 95%. Six patterns of incompetence of this vein could be distinguished. Insufficiency of the short saphenous vein was present in 15% of the limbs and perforator incompetence in 45%. Femoral and/or popliteal vein reflux was found in 20% of the limbs. In eight limbs (2.7%) with verified primary deep venous insufficiency there was a moderate or severe degree of femoral and popliteal venous reflux. Skin changes secondary to the venous disease were present in 18% of the limbs, mainly those with incompetence of perforator and long saphenous veins. Doppler investigation of varicose limbs give valuable information and can be recommended as a standard pre-treatment test.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Experimental study of injury on the small intestine in acute portal vein occlusion and the following restoration of portal vein flow in rats--free radicals in the small intestine and lipid peroxidation].

Free radicals in the small intestine were quantified by using an electron spin resonance spectrometer, and the amounts of TBA (thiobarbituric acid) reactants in arterial plasma, portal venous plasma and intestinal tissue were determined at the several stages. The effects of allopurinol, alpha-tocopherol, the simultaneous occlusion of superior mesenteric artery or the porto-jugular venous bypass, with the temporary occlusion of the portal vein, were also investigated. 1) Free radical concentration (mostly, semiquinones of CoQ and/or flavin in mitochondria) decreased with portal vein occlusion but showed a temporary increase at 10 sec after reperfusion. Allopurinol suppressed such temporary increase. 2) TBA reactants increased with the temporary occlusion of the portal vein. TBA reactants decreased during the portal vein occlusion with alpha-tocopherol and during reperfusion with allopurinol. Lipid peroxidation in the small intestine was also diminished by using the methods of simultaneous occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery or the porto-jugular venous bypass. In conclusion, there may be three sources for the generation of superoxide: the xanthine oxidase system, semiquinone radicals and paramagnetic metal irons. They may induce lipid a peroxidation, which accelerates the injury on the small intestine, in acute portal vein occlusion and the following restoration of portal vein flow in rats.

Allopurinol↗
PubMed1989

[Experimental study of injury on the small intestine in acute portal vein occlusion and the following restoration of portal vein flow in rats--hemodynamics and lipid peroxidation].

This study was performed to clarify the relationship between hemodynamics, congestive damage, lipid peroxidation and intraluminal hemorrhage of the small intestine. Using 51Cr-red blood cells, with a temporary occlusion of the portal vein for 30 min. in rats, the hemodynamic, biochemical and histological changes were investigated. By occluding the portal vein, its pressure increased to a level eight times higher than normal, and destruction of the intestinal mucosa and an increase of TBA reactants were observed. The intraluminal hemorrhage of the intestine increased to a quantity 7.5 times higher than usual during portal vein occlusion, and it decreased gradually after reperfusion. At 120 min. after reperfusion, this amount remained high, but the administration of Allopurinol diminished its level. A technique of temporary simultaneous occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery or the bypass between the portal and jugular veins was effective in reducing the congestive damage on the intestine. During the occlusion of the portal vein, sudden and high pressure of the portal vein primarily causes congestive damage, and superoxide generated by a xanthine oxidase system during reperfusion may cause lipid peroxidation which induces reperfusion injury. Thus, the lipid peroxidation may accelerate the injury on the small intestine.

Allopurinol↗
PubMed1995

[Saphenous vein to saphenous vein bypass grafting in four redo CABG patients].

In four redo CABG patients, new saphenous vein grafts were anastomosed to the angiographically normal part of the old, and partially narrowed or occluded saphenous vein grafts in an end-to-side fashion. Inner surface of the old saphenous vein was confirmed to be smooth and free of atherosclerotic change during anastomosis. Postoperative course was uneventful and angiography demonstrated the good patency of new saphenous vein grafts in all patients. Although this technique is not acceptable if the old saphenous vein graft shows extensive atherosclerotic change, this method may be a useful alternative in case of limited saphenous vein graft disease in terms of less difficulty and operation time.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

On the relationship between changes in the deep veins evaluated by duplex sonography and the postthrombotic syndrome 12 years after deep vein thrombosis.

In a prospective study we performed color duplex ultrasonography to evaluate patency and valvular function of previous thrombosed veins 12 years after the acute thrombosis. Normal clinical findings were found in 64% of the patients, mild postthrombotic skin changes in 28%, and marked trophic changes in 5%; only 1 venous ulcer occurred. In 39 patients, 114 initially thrombosed vein segments were evaluated. Thirty-seven of 72 proximal segments were completely recanalized (23 with valvular incompetence) and 21 segments exhibited partial recanalization (19 with valvular incompetence). Superficial femoral vein segments were completely occluded in 19%, however, excellent collateralization was provided via the deep femoral vein. Thromboses of the posterior tibial vein demonstrated a high rate of recanalization with development of valvular incompetence in 52%. Whereas obstruction and valvular incompetence as single factors led to a postthrombotic leg in 8.5% and 33%, respectively, the most frequent cause for the development of the postthrombotic syndrome was the combination of reflux plus obstruction in the deep veins (50%). Compression therapy with elastic compression stockings is recommended for at least 5 years after the acute thrombosis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Treatment of iliac vein thrombosis by use of filter placed in the inferior cava vein in a female patient after reoperation of meningioma of the smaller section of the sphenoid bone].

Deep phlebothrombosis is a one of the postoperative complications in neurosurgery in 90% localized in lower extremities. The brain contains the highest concentration of tissue thromboplastin compared with the other organs. That fact plays an important roll in pathophysiology of thrombo-embolic process in neurosurgery. The most frequent places of thrombogenesis are venous sinus of soleus muscle and gastrocnemius muscle, next: deep veins of crus, femoral veins and iliac veins. We describe the case of the efficient treatment of femoral vein and iliac vein thrombosis using filter placed under control of monitor in the inferior caval vein higher than the thrombus.

Female↗
PubMed1998

The orifice of superior thyroid vein to the internal jugular vein in human fetuses.

In this study an attempt was made to define the ways of the orifice of the superior thyroid gland to the internal jugular vein in human fetuses, basing on corrosion casts of blood vessels. It was found that most frequently, i.e. in 44% of cases, the superior thyroid gland formed bilaterally multi-level anastomoses with the facial vein and lingual vein before the orifice to the internal jugular vein. In addition, anastomoses of the three mentioned veins into a common venous trunk and non-anastomotic course of the superior thyroid vein were found.

Embryonic and Fetal Development↗
PubMed2002

Intentional complete interruption of a retinal vein after vitrectomy might improve the rate of successful chorioretinal venous anastomosis formation in central retinal vein occlusion.

BACKGROUND: Laser or surgical chorioretinal venous anastomosis has not become widespread as suitable treatment for central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). We report here the effectiveness of cutting off a retinal vein with vitrectomy in making a chorioretinal venous anastomosis in CRVO. METHODS: We performed a vitrectomy accompanied by a chorioretinal venous anastomosis procedure for seven consecutive patients with CRVO. These patients had shown no improvement in their visual acuity in the month following their first visit to our hospital and had a visual acuity of less than 20/200. Their preoperative visual acuity ranged from counting fingers to 20/300. The procedure included the complete cutting of the affected retinal vein, and the making of a small incision at both sides of the vein interruption through the full thickness of the retina, the retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch's membrane. RESULTS: In five of the seven patients, successful chorioretinal venous anastomosis was observed. All five patients showed an improvement of two or more lines in visual acuity 6 months postoperatively. In three of the five, visual acuity was 20/100 or better. A postoperative complication of recurrent vitreous hemorrhage and fibrous proliferation was observed in one patient, and a second operation was necessary. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical interruption of an affected vein was a feasible procedure and could raise the rate of successful chorioretinal venous anastomosis in CRVO.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Varicose vein surgery with preservation of the saphenous vein: a comparison between high ligation-avulsion versus saphenofemoral banding valvuloplasty-avulsion.

PURPOSE: Surgical treatment of varicose veins with preservation of the greater saphenous vein (GSV) was studied. METHODS: Patients with reflux at the saphenofemoral junction and grossly normal GSV were treated with two different surgical techniques: perivalvular banding valvuloplasty (PVBV-A) of the saphenous valve, wherein the diameter of the uppermost saphenous valve was narrowed by Dacron-reinforced silicone band (12 patients, 15 extremities); and high ligation (HL-A) of the saphenous vein, wherein the GSV was ligated flush with the femoral vein (14 patients, 16 extremities). Both groups also had varicose tributaries of GSV avulsed through multiple stab incisions. RESULTS: In the HL-A group two GSV (13%) remained completely patent, 10 GSV (62.5%) thrombosed partially, and the remaining four GSV (25%) had complete thrombosis. In the PVBV-A group 12 GSV (80%) remained completely patent and without reflux, one GSV (7%) remained patent but showing reflux. Two GSV (13%) thrombosed completely. There were no surgical complications or recurrences (mean follow-up was 9.4 months for PVBV-A and 9.5 months for HL-A), and the postoperative recovery time was similar for both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both techniques are equally effective in the early elimination of varicosities. Preservation of the saphenous vein is significantly better after PVBV-A (p < 0.01). A prospective randomized trial with long-term follow-up is required.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[The significance of disturbances of draining functions of the azygos vein in pathogenesis of varicose dilatation of the veins of the esophagus and stomach in portal hypertension (experimental-clinical investigation)].

Under analysis were the results of investigations on 30 corpses, 25 dogs and of examinations of 187 patients with portal hypertension. In the experiments the disturbances of blood flow in the portal and azygos veins and the veins of the gastroesophageal basin were modeled. It was found that changes of the veins of the esophago-gastric area in diffuse lesions of the liver were already present even if there were no definitely detectable signs of portal hypertension. The experimental osseo-azygography has revealed dilatation of the azygos vein. The findings of examination of the patients admitted with esophago-gastric bleedings allowed detection of 5 degrees of impairments of blood flow along the azygos vein which increased risk of esophgeal-gastric bleedings.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reconstruction of portal vein with an autograft of splenic vein.

To re-establish the portal circulation following extensive resection of the portal vein, we interposed an autograft of the splenic vein between the portal and superior mesenteric veins during total pancreatectomy in three patients with cancer of the pancreas. The postoperative course in two patients was uneventful, and patency of the graft was demonstrated angiographically on the 41st and 78th postoperative days, respectively. In the remaining patient an episode of postoperative peritonitis occurred with leakage of the gastrointestinal anastomosis. The patient died on the 78th postoperative day from a massive metastasis to the liver. Autopsy revealed a narrowing of the graft due to technical failure and inflammatory changes, but there was no evidence of cancer invasion. Thus, the autograft of the splenic vein proved useful to bridge the portal vein system.

Female↗
PubMed2000

Isolated nonfilling of contrast in deep leg vein segments seen on phlebography, and a comparison with color Doppler ultrasound, to assess the incidence of deep leg vein thrombosis.

Nonfilling of contrast in deep veins on phlebography is claimed to be an indirect sign of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) by some authors but rejected by others. The aim of this study was to prospectively assess, with color Doppler ultrasound (CDU), the occurrence and distribution of DVT in isolated, nonfilling, deep vein segments seen on a phlebogram. One hundred consecutive patients with clinical signs of acute DVT, in whom phlebography displayed nonfilling of the posterior tibial veins and/or the deep calf muscle veins, were examined with CDU on the same occasion. Ultrasound confirmed a DVT in 31 (31%) patients; in another 38 (38%) patients other pathology, without concomitantly detected DVT, such as edema, bleedings, ligament and muscle ruptures, Baker cysts, or superficial thrombophlebitis were found instead; and in the remaining 31 (31%) patients no pathology that could explain the nonfilling was identified. Isolated, nonfilling of the posterior tibial and/or deep muscle veins of the calf found by phlebography may be an indirect sign of DVT but is equally commonly caused by other pathological conditions or arises without any detectable explanation. When the thrombotic burden is to be scored, and to facilitate the establishment of the correct diagnosis, additional CDU is recommended when isolated nonfilling is present.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Confluence of the right adrenal vein with the accessory right hepatic veins. A potential hazard in laparoscopic right adrenalectomy.

Confluent drainage of the right adrenal vein and large accessory right hepatic veins was encountered during a laparoscopic right adrenalectomy. In a review of previous reports of laparoscopic adrenalectomies we found no mention of this finding. However, an anatomic study reported that the right adrenal vein joins with an accessory right hepatic vein in as many as 22% of individuals. A complete understanding of the anatomic variations in the drainage of the right adrenal vein is required for the safe performance of laparoscopic right adrenalectomy.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed2000

Recurrent varicose veins of both lower limbs due to bilateral ovarian vein incompetence.

A case of a 43-year-old female patient with mild pelvic pain and bilateral recurrent varicose veins due to incompetence of both ovarian veins is presented here. Ovarian vein incompetence was suspected from the presence of vulva varicosities and was confirmed by transvaginal ultrasound and descending ovarian venography. Treatment with transcatheter embolization of the ovarian veins was followed by local excision of the leg varices. Four years later, the patient remains asymptomatic and without any recurrence of varicose veins in both lower limbs.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Transfontanelle pulsed Doppler measurement of blood flow velocity in the internal jugular vein, straight sinus, and internal cerebral vein in preterm and term neonates.

This paper presents the range of normal blood flow velocity in different cerebral veins in early infancy measured by transfontanelle pulsed Doppler ultrasonography. The blood flow velocity of the internal jugular vein (38 infants), internal cerebral vein (28 infants), and straight sinus (18 infants) in a group of clinically stable neonates and young infants (body weight 1060-3750 g, age 1-86 d, gestational age 28-41 wk) is specified. The time mean of maximum velocity (Vma) of internal jugular vein was 8.4 +/- 4.7 cm/s, of internal cerebral vein 5.5 +/- 1.6 cm/s, and of straight sinus 12.6 +/- 7.8 cm/s. While the variability between infants was high, the reproducibility of the method was in the range of 4.4-10.2% for Vma. This compares well with studies on cerebral arteries and offers a noninvasive approach to the study of the venous cerebral hemodynamics in neonates undergoing intensive care.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1997

Portal vein replacement by hepatic vein transposition.

Successful reconstruction after portal vein resection in extended liver surgery has been performed by end-to-end anastomosis, patch, or graft interposition. Previously described techniques to obtain venous grafts for portal replacement necessarily have either an additional incision or an unsuitable diameter. We developed a new method of portal vein replacement using the excised hepatic vein. This technique can be applied in major liver resections for tumors infiltrating the portal vein that have a safe distance from the hepatic vein.

Hepatic Veins↗
PubMed1976

Aortocoronary saphenous vein autograft accidentally attached to a coronary vein: follow-up angiography and surgical correction of the resultant arteriovenous fistula.

The fate of aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass graft to the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary vein is reported. The vein graft communicated with the coronary sinus through the proximal LAD vein, producing a functional coronary arteriovenous fistula. The LAD vein was totally occluded distally at follow-up four months after operation. The natural history of congenital fistulas between coronary arteries and the coronary sinus suggested that bacterial endocarditis, pulmonary hypertension, and cardiac failure were all possible future complications in this patient. Operation was performed to revascularize the LAD artery to relieve persistent angina, and to close the fistula. Postoperative angiography showed a patent graft to the LAD artery with complete obliteration of the fistula. The patient is asymptomatic ten months after operation.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Anastomosis of an anomalous segmental vein with the azygos vein in living-donor lobar lung transplantation.

We report the case of a living-donor lobar lung transplantation in which we found an abnormal segmental vein in the right lower lobe of the donor lung. The abnormal vein was anastomosed to the azygos vein of the recipient so that lung edema and congestion could be avoided. This alternative technique is effective in living-donor lobar lung transplantation when the superior segmental vein in the right lower lobe of the donor drains into the superior vein.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗