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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Submersion injuries in children younger than 5 years in urban Utah.

Submersion injuries of children younger than 5 years in 4 urban Utah counties from 1984 through 1988 were studied retrospectively to identify associated risk factors. Infants younger than 1 year had the highest rates of both submersion injuries and deaths. The incidence of bathtub drownings was 2 to 3 times higher than reported national rates. All bathtub drownings occurred while the victim was bathing with a young sibling (10 months to 7 years of age) without adult supervision. All drownings in pools and moving bodies of water (rivers, irrigation ditches) resulted from unintentional falls into the water rather than from swimming and wading activities. Drowning prevention strategies should focus on educating parents about the risk of young children bathing with siblings in the absence of adult supervision and fencing regulations for pools and open bodies of moving water.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1992

Lizard-associated salmonellosis--Utah.

During June 1992, CDC identified a rare Salmonella serotype, S. poano, from a stool specimen from an infant. The specimen was sent from the Utah Division of Laboratory Services. This report summarizes the epidemiologic investigation of this case.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Lead exposures among lead burners--Utah, 1991.

In July 1991, concerns about lead exposure among lead burners--workers who solder or weld with lead and, therefore, are exposed to potentially high levels of lead--at a construction site in Utah prompted the national office of the lead burners' local union to contact CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) for assistance. On July 10, 1991, NIOSH, under the health-hazard evaluation program, initiated an environmental survey of the workplace and medical evaluations of the lead burners working on-site.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1992

A method for assessing patterns of familial resemblance in complex human pedigrees, with an application to the nevus-count data in Utah kindreds.

An analytic method is described for estimating phenotypic correlations between pairs of members of specific relationships in pedigrees. In estimating correlations, this new method allows simultaneous adjustment for available covariates such as age, gender, environmental factors, and variables reflecting ascertainment mode, through mean- and variance-regression models. The estimated correlations and regression coefficients corresponding to covariates are consistent and asymptotically normally distributed. Differing from a full-likelihood approach, this new method does not require the assumption of a particular joint distribution of phenotypes from a pedigree, such as the multivariate normal distribution, but instead only requires correct specification of mean- and variance-regression models. Within this framework, missing data, if they are missing completely at random, can be ignored without biasing estimates. The method is illustrated by an application using nevus-count data from 28 Utah kinships. The results from the analysis are that covariate-adjusted nevus counts are correlated between parents and children (correlation .22; P less than .001) and between siblings (correlation .32; P less than .001), while the correlation of -.04 between husband and wife is not significantly different (P = .31) from 0. This result is consistent with a genetic etiology of nevus count.

Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Hip fractures and fluoridation in Utah's elderly population.

OBJECTIVE: To test the effect of water fluoridated to 1 ppm on the incidence of hip fractures in the elderly. DESIGN: Ecological cohort. SETTING: The incidence of femoral neck fractures in patients 65 years of age or older was compared in three communities in Utah, one with and two without water fluoridated to 1 ppm. PATIENTS: All patients with hip fractures who were 65 years of age and older over a 7-year period in the three communities, excluding (1) those with revisions of hip fractures, (2) those in whom the hip fracture was anything but a first diagnosis, (3) those in whom metastatic disease was present, or (4) those in whom the fracture was a second fracture (n = 246). OUTCOME MEASURE: Rate of hospital discharge for hip fracture. RESULTS: The relative risk for hip fracture for women in the fluoridated area was 1.27 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08 to 1.46) and for men was 1.41 (95% CI = 1.00 to 1.81) relative to the nonfluoridated areas. CONCLUSIONS: We found a small but significant increase in the risk of hip fracture in both men and women exposed to artificial fluoridation at 1 ppm, suggesting that low levels of fluoride may increase the risk of hip fracture in the elderly.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

The UCLA-University of Utah epidemiologic survey of autism: prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors.

In a recent epidemiologic survey conducted in Utah, 241 autistic patients (DSM-III criteria) were found. Medical records of 233 autistics were surveyed for the presence of 36 potentially pathologic prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors. These results were compared with those of an identical survey of 62 of their nonautistic siblings, with the results of four previously published surveys, and with normative data. No potentially pathologic factor or group of factors occurred significantly more frequently among the autistic patients. Also, previous observations of significant differences in the occurrence of certain factors in the histories single vs multiple siblings with autism were not confirmed, with the exception of increased viral-type illness during gestation in single-incidence cases. Thus, the etiology of the brain pathology that characteristically disrupts normal development and produces the syndrome of autism remains obscure. Other data from the epidemiologic survey, however, suggest that the role of genetic factors needs to be explored further.

Apgar Score↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Utah dentists sealant usage survey.

After a statewide survey of dentists to determine how many were using sealants, the Utah Department of Health, Dental Health Bureau developed and began implementing a sealant-education program in 1982. The extent of reported usage increased from 48 percent in 1982 to 98 percent in 1987. Routine use increased from 10 percent to 48 percent.

Education, Dental↗
PubMed1990

Leukemia in Utah and radioactive fallout from the Nevada test site. A case-control study.

Previous studies reported an association between leukemia rates and amounts of fallout in southwestern Utah from nuclear tests (1952 to 1958), but individual radiation exposures were unavailable. Therefore, a case-control study with 1177 individuals who died of leukemia and 5330 other deaths (controls) was conducted using estimates of dose to bone marrow computed from fallout deposition rates and subjects' residence locations. A weak association between bone marrow dose and all types of leukemia, all ages, and all time periods after exposure was found. This overall trend was not statistically significant, but significant trends in excess risk were found in subgroups defined by cell type, age, and time after exposure. The greatest excess risk was found in those individuals in the high-dose group with acute leukemia who were younger than 20 years at exposure and who died before 1964. These results are consistent with previous studies and with risk estimates for other populations exposed to radiation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Adolescent diet and breast cancer in Utah.

A population-based case-control study was conducted to assess the association between breast cancer risk, body mass index (BMI) and adolescent dietary fat and fiber consumption. Data were collected in Utah from white female cases (N = 172) and controls (N = 190) between the ages of 20 and 54 years. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% test-based confidence intervals (CI) were determined by multiple-logistic regression analysis controlling for age, education, age at menarche, and age at first pregnancy. Menopausal status was identified as an effect modifier, therefore, separate analyses were performed for pre and postmenopausal groups. An elevated risk (OR = 2.9 for highest quartile versus lowest, CI = 1.1-8.1) was associated with a larger BMI at age 12 in premenopausal women; a larger adult BMI lowered the odds ratio (OR = 0.4, CI = 0.2-1.0 for highest quartile versus lowest) in premenopausal women; BMI did not alter risk in postmenopausal women. Although not statistically significant, high fat intake consistently lowered the odds ratios below 1.0 in premenopausal women in the upper three quartiles compared to the lowest fat intake referent quartile (OR = 0.7, CI = 0.2-2.1 for highest versus lowest quartile) but was inconsistent in postmenopausal women (OR = 0.7, CI = 0.2-2.7 for highest versus lowest quartile). When fat intake was assessed by its component parts, fat from milk, cheese and yogurt reduced the odds ratios in both premenopausal (OR = 0.4, CI = 0.1-1.1 for highest versus lowest quartile) and postmenopausal women (OR = 0.2, CI = 0.0-0.8). In postmenopausal women, high fiber intake produced elevated odds ratios in all three upper quartiles (OR = 6.6, CI = 1.5-29.6 for highest versus lowest quartile), while fiber from grains resulted in a decreased risk in both premenopausal (OR = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.2-0.7 for highest versus lowest quartile) and postmenopausal women (OR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.3-2.0). The possibility of biased estimates from low response rates (cases = 60%, controls = 61%), potential recall bias, and some lack of precision in the dietary instrument should be considered. It appears from these analyses that the relation of breast cancer to dietary intake, especially during adolescent years, is not clear, and that risk associated with fat or fiber intake may be affected by the nutrient source.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Hereditary thrombosis in a Utah kindred is caused by a dysfunctional antithrombin III gene.

Maximum likelihood analysis of linkage between antithrombin III (ATIII) DNA polymorphisms and ATIII deficiency in a large Utah kindred suggests that thrombotic disease in this family is caused by a dysfunctional ATIII gene. ATIII-deficient family members were identified on the basis of: (1) reduced anticoagulant activity and (2) the presence of an electrophoretically abnormal inhibitor molecule in their plasmas. Affected individuals have two copies of the ATIII structural gene, and both alleles appear normal at the resolution of whole genome Southern blotting. However, family studies revealed statistically significant cosegregation of ATIII-deficiency trait and a particular ATIII DNA polymorphism haplotype (lod = 3.35; theta = 0.0); this result is consistent with the presence of a dysfunctional ATIII gene on a chromosome of the +, S haplotype.

Alleles↗
PubMed1988

Hypertension and sodium-lithium countertransport in Utah pedigrees: evidence for major-locus inheritance.

Likelihood analysis was used to test for evidence that an allele at a major locus elevates rates of sodium-lithium countertransport (SLC) in a sample of 1,989 members of 89 Utah pedigrees. The pedigrees were ascertained through two or three sibs who died of stroke before age 74 years (stroke pedigrees), through hypertensive and normotensive probands of the Salt Lake Center of the Hypertension Detection and Followup Program (HDFP pedigrees), or through men who suffered a myocardial infarction before age 55 years (coronary pedigrees). Major-locus inheritance could be rejected in the total sample; transmission probability estimates of tau1 = .972, tau2 = .520, tau3 = .185 differed significantly from Mendelian transmission specified by tau1 = 1, tau2 = 1/2, tau3 = 0. However, heterogeneity between ascertainment groups was significant (chi2(18) = 40.06, P less than .01) and justified analysis within subsets of the sample. In the stroke pedigrees, evidence of major-locus inheritance was not found; polygenic heritability was estimated as .647. In the HDFP pedigrees, estimates of tau1 = .987, tau2 = .430, tau3 = .506 differed significantly from Mendelian transmission; the inferred model consisted of a mixture of two distributions incompatible with both Mendelian and environmental transmission but compatible with polygenic inheritance within distributions. In the coronary pedigrees, the hypothesis of Mendelian transmission could not be rejected. In the coronary pedigrees, the evidence supported an incompletely recessive allele with a frequency of .227 which elevated the level of SLC to a mean of .530 mmol/liter RBC/h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Scoliosis screening of 3,000 college-aged women. The Utah Study--phase 2.

The purpose of this phase of the Utah study was to determine the prevalence of scoliosis in college-aged women over a three-year period. The subjects were 3,210 female college students (mean age = 19.7 +/- 2.1 years) from 34 states and 5 foreign countries. The majority (98.2%) of the students were Caucasian. Nearly 12% of the study sample (n = 380) demonstrated a visually assessed lateral deviation of the spine. This finding demonstrates a higher prevalence of scoliosis among an age group that has reached an age of growth cessation than the literature on scoliosis screening indicates. The college-aged students in this study demonstrated a higher prevalence of scoliosis than the national norm for a younger (10-15 years of age) group. This result suggests that scoliosis may develop later in life than has previously been reported and that physical therapists must become more proficient in conducting scoliosis screening programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Evidence for environmental familiality of kallikrein excretion in Utah kindreds.

In investigating the role of urinary kallikrein in the pathophysiology of hypertension, we measured 12-hour kallikrein excretion in 1,100 persons in 68 Utah kindreds. The kallikrein excretion was statistically adjusted to account for variations in body size and urine output. Adjusted kallikrein excretion was greater in youths than in adults and correlated with potassium excretion and sodium excretion in persons with normal blood pressure. It was decreased in normotensive subjects with strong family histories of stroke and hypertension, but was not significantly different in adults with hypertension. Adjusted kallikrein excretion was correlated between pairs of siblings, parent-offspring pairs and spouses. Our results indicate that kallikrein excretion is a familial variable, with the familiality due more to shared environmental than genetic factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Evidence that men with familial hypercholesterolemia can avoid early coronary death. An analysis of 77 gene carriers in four Utah pedigrees.

To study the genetic influence on serum cholesterol levels and early coronary heart disease, 1,134 individuals were screened from 18 Utah pedigrees. In most pedigrees, serum cholesterol appeared to be a purely polygenic trait, with 54% heritability. In four pedigrees with dominant familial hypercholesterolemia, male heterozygotes had a mean serum cholesterol level of 352 mg/dL, myocardial infarction at an average age of 42 years, and coronary death at an average age of 45 years. An informative pedigree structure allowed the identification of four ancestral males born before 1880 who carried this lethal gene and survived to ages 62, 68, 72, and 81 years. This suggests that some healthy life-style factors protected these men against the expression of a gene that has led to coronary disease by age 45 years in all of their heterozygous great-grandsons. One heterozygote showed a drop in serum cholesterol level from 426 to 248 mg/dL, with strict adherence to a low-fat diet without drugs. These observations should help encourage physicians to try harder to identify and help such individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Prevalence and causes of ram epididymitis in Utah.

Palpation of the testicles and epididymides was used to determine the prevalence of ram epididymitis (RE) in Utah range flocks over a 5-year period. Of 62 range flocks examined, 58 had rams with palpable lesions. A comparison was made of prevalence by right vs left testicle involvement, but no significant difference was found. Culling all rams with palpable lesions from the flock progressively reduced the annual incidence, but did not eliminate RE from any flock. Semen and specimens of reproductive tract tissue were obtained from representative flocks for bacterial culture. Brucella ovis was found commonly in range flocks, but was not isolated from RE-affected rams in virgin, ram-producing flocks. In the ram-producing flocks, a gram-negative, pleomorphic rod-type organism was found. It was concluded that RE should be considered as 2 disease entities, based on the finding of 2 causative organisms and the management systems under which those organisms are found. Brucella ovis was the major cause in persistently infected range flocks, whereas the gram-negative pleomorphic rod-type organism is the apparent cause of RE in virgin, ram-producing flocks.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

An epidemic of cocaine associated deaths in Utah.

This article describes 15 cocaine associated deaths in Utah in a 3 1/2-month period in early 1984, compared to 6 cocaine associated deaths for all of 1983. Brief case histories of the 15 cases are presented along with data on age, sex, county of death, cause of death, association of the cocaine with the death, cocaine analytical methodology, and a summary of cocaine concentrations in blood and urine. In four of the cases, cocaine by injection was the cause of death, whereas the other cases had cocaine or metabolite detected incidentally. The epidemiology of a single, well-defined cocaine source is described and related to this transient, remarkable increase in cocaine associated deaths.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Toxic shock syndrome in Utah--1976 to 1983.

The sustained high incidence of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome (TSS) in Utah provided an opportunity to examine changes in the epidemiology of this disease during a period of greater media attention to the syndrome and increased scientific understanding of its etiology and pathogenesis. An apparent peak in the statewide incidence of TSS in 1980 appears in part attributable to self-reporting of outpatient cases. The incidence of the syndrome in patients having a nasal operation appears equal to or greater than the incidence in menstrual-age women. The case-fatality ratio and recurrence rate of TSS have declined since widespread recognition of the syndrome, possibly related to earlier diagnosis and initiation of antistaphylococcal therapy. Identifying milder cases has also contributed to a lower mortality.

Adolescent↗