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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Infrared dermal thermometry for the high-risk diabetic foot.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare skin temperatures in patients with asymptomatic peripheral sensory neuropathy, patients with neuropathic ulcers, and patients with Charcot's arthropathy using the contralateral limb as a control. SUBJECTS: On a retrospective basis, patients with diabetes (N = 143) were divided into three groups: patients with asymptomatic sensory neuropathy (n = 78), patients with neuropathic foot ulcers (n = 44), and patients with neuropathic fractures (Charcot's arthropathy) (n = 21). METHODS: We evaluated the subjects' skin temperatures with a portable hand-held infrared skin temperature probe at the time pathology was initially identified and at subsequent clinical visits for an average of 22.1 months (SD = 6.4). Skin temperatures of the contralateral foot were measured as a control. RESULTS: There were differences in skin temperature between the affected foot and the contralateral (i.e., nonaffected) foot among the patients with Characot's arthropathy (8.3 degrees F) and the patients with neuropathic ulcers (5.6 degrees F), with no difference identified among the patients with asymptomatic sensory neuropathy. Five patients with neuropathic ulcers experienced reulceration a mean of 12.2 months (SD = 6.4) after initial healing, with a corresponding increase in skin temperature. (89.6 degrees +/- 1.2 degrees F versus 82.5 degrees +/- 2.9 degrees F) at the clinic visit immediately preceding reinjury. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: The data suggest that monitoring of the corresponding contralateral foot site may provide clinical information before other clinical signs of injury can be identified.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Infrared tympanic thermometry in the pediatric intensive care unit.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the performance of two different commercially available, noncontact infrared tympanic thermometers in predicting core body temperature as measured by pulmonary artery catheters in pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The performance of the tympanic thermometers was compared with the performance of an indwelling rectal probe and digital axillary temperature determinations. DESIGN: Prospective, consecutive sample, unblinded study. SETTING: Pediatric ICU of a tertiary care children's hospital. PATIENTS: Twenty patients requiring pulmonary artery catheter monitoring for clinical management. INTERVENTIONS: Temperature measurements were made using each infrared tympanic thermometer unit in the core mode. These values were compared with simultaneously obtained pulmonary arterial, digital axillary, and rectal probe temperatures. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Bias and variability of each method compared with the pulmonary arterial temperature were calculated. Bias did not vary with temperature measured or age of the patient. Indwelling rectal probes showed the least bias and variability and axillary temperature the most. Neither infrared tympanic thermometer had clinically important bias; one model had variability similar to that of the rectal probes, and the other model had significantly greater variability. CONCLUSIONS: In a pediatric ICU population, rectal probes reflect core temperature better than axillary determinations and both infrared tympanic models estimated core body temperature better than digital axillary temperature. One of the tympanic systems (Thermoscan Pro-1 infrared tympanic thermometer) performed in a similar way to the indwelling rectal probes and may be used to estimate core temperature in situations where a pulmonary artery catheter is not in place. The other test tympanic system (First Temp) had greater variability than the rectal probes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Screening for fever in an adult emergency department: oral vs tympanic thermometry.

The accuracy of tympanic thermometers in clinical practice continues to be questioned. We evaluated the Genius tympanic thermometer in our adult emergency department. All patients had both tympanic and oral temperature measurements. Patients with an oral or tympanic temperature > or = 100.0 degrees F had a rectal temperature taken. Oral and rectal measurements were taken with the IVAC 2080A electronic thermometer, and the Genius thermometer was used in the oral equivalent mode. All instruments were calibrated. Of the 332 patients entered into the study, 51 had oral or tympanic temperatures > or = 100.0 degrees F. Forty-one of these patients consented to a rectal temperature measurement. The correlation (r) between tympanic and oral, tympanic and rectal, and oral and rectal temperature was .845, .853, and .940, respectively. The oral thermometer identified all 28 febrile patients (rectal temperature > or = 100.4 degrees F). However, the tympanic thermometer detected fever in only 19 of these cases. Two patients in whom the tympanic thermometer failed to detect fever had AIDS, and their workup was altered by the detection of the fever. We conclude that the tympanic thermometer is not as sensitive as the oral thermometer in the detection of fever. The use of tympanic thermometers in the adult emergency department should be questioned.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2007

Measurement accuracy of fever by tympanic and axillary thermometry.

UNLABELLED: As the basic sciences develop, temperature measurement methods and devices were improved. For hundreds of years both in clinics and home, mercury-in-glass thermometer was the standard of human temperature measurements. In this study, we aimed to compare tympanic infrared thermometers with the conventional temperature option, mercury-in-glass thermometer, which is historical standard in the clinical conditions. METHODS: A total of 102 randomly selected pediatric patients who admitted to our hospital were enrolled, and simultaneous temperature measurements were performed via axilla and external auditory canal with 3 different techniques. For external auditory recordings, infrared tympanic First Temp Genius for clinical use and Microlife IR 1DA1 for home usage were used. Classic mercury-in-glass thermometers were used for axillary recording. For each method, 886 measurements were performed. RESULTS: The mean results of the axillary mercury-in-glass thermometers, infrared tympanic First Temp Genius, and Microlife IR 1DA1 were 36.8 +/- 0.7, 37.5 +/- 0.9, 36.9 +/- 0.8, respectively. The Bland-Altman plot of differences suggests that 95% of the infrared tympanic clinical use thermometer readings were within the limits of agreement, which is +0.27 and -1.75 degrees C range of mercury-in-glass thermometer. The Bland-Altman plot of differences suggests that 95% of the tympanic home-use thermometer readings were within the limits of agreement, which is +0.98 and -1.27 degrees C range of mercury-in-glass thermometer. In our group, 15% of the patients were misdiagnosed as febrile with home-use tympanic thermometer, whereas this percentage was 4% with clinical tympanic thermometer. Also, 5% and 31% of febrile patients were misdiagnosed as afebrile with clinical tympanic and home-use tympanic thermometer, if axillary mercury-in-glass thermometer recording defines fever. DISCUSSION: Our results showed that there is a significant difference in each recording with different thermometers, and this variance was present in both higher and lower readings. We recommend thathome-use infrared tympanic thermometer could be used for screening but must not be considered as a tool to decide patients follow-up.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Noninvasive infrared thermometry for application in skin biology--I: Model measurements and local measurements on the dorsal surface of the rabbit.

Understanding thermal energy distribution is essential to interpret skin temperature for diagnosing various pathological and experimental conditions. The present paper investigates temperature data measurements acquired with an infrared thermometer system and in vivo temperature measurements on the backs of New Zealand rabbits. Local differences in skin temperature are significant around bony structures and in visceral areas. The results suggest that the location of experimental sites must be considered when interpreting data which use local temperature as an indicator of microvascular phenomena on the skin surface. Our techniques have proven valuable for quantifying thermal effects on small fields or skin lesions of experimental animals, and can be used noninvasively to measure the onset and transient vascular effects caused by noxious insults including laser radiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

An example of thermometry in volume by microwave radiometry.

We depict a method of determination of the size D depth z and temperature T0 + delta T of a cylindrical thermal structure embedded in an homogeneous glossy material, in the present case, water. A microwave radiometric image at 3 GHz points out the location of the thermal structure; its threshold provides the diameter D of the structure. The depth z derives from the ratio of the maximal radiometric intensities at 1.5 and 3 GHz. The combination of D,z and of the radiometric intensities gives delta T.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1989

Infrared fibers for radiometer thermometry in hypothermia and hyperthermia treatment.

Hypothermia is a condition which results from prolonged exposure to a cold environment. Rapid and efficient heating is needed to rewarm the patient from 32-35 degrees C to normal body temperature. Hyperthermia in cancer treatment involves heating malignant tumors to 42.5-43.0 degrees C for an extended period (e.g., 30 min) in an attempt to obtain remission. Microwave or radio frequency heating is often used for rewarming in hypothermia or for temperature elevation in hyperthermia treatment. One severe problem with such heating is the accurate measurement and control of temperature in the presence of a strong electromagnetic field. For this purpose, we have developed a fiberoptic radiometer system which is based on a nonmetallic, infrared fiber probe, which can operate either in contact or noncontact mode. In preliminary investigations, the radiometer worked well in a strong microwave or radiofrequency field, with an accuracy of +/- 0.5 degrees C. This fiberoptic thermometer was used to control the surface temperature of objects within +/- 2 degrees C.

Fiber Optic Technology↗