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PubMed1998

Tularemia in two cats.

Tularemia was diagnosed in 2 cats that were examined because of pyrexia and lethargy; both cats had a history of exposure to wild rabbits. One cat was vomiting, and the other was anorectic. Physical examination revealed dehydration, lymphadenopathy, and hepatomegaly. Hematologic and serum biochemical abnormalities included toxic neutrophils, high band neutrophil count, thrombocytopenia, and hyperbilirubinemia. Diagnosis was confirmed by isolating Francisella tularensis subsp tularensis from bone marrow or lymph node aspirates. Evaluation of samples collected during the acute and convalescent phases of the disease revealed an increase in serum F tularensis antibody titer. Both cats responded to treatment with fluids and antibiotics.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Effect of live tularemia vaccine on some parameters of immune and non-specific antitumor resistance in endometrial cancer patients during combined therapy and later].

The levels of T-system lymphocytes, macrophageal transformation of mononuclears and phagocytic activity of blood neutrophils were assayed in 194 patients with endometrial tumors, stage I-IV, (FIGO, 1988), 10-15 days after surgery, a subsequent course of telegammatherapy and 2-3 years after treatment. Ninety-seven patients of the study group were challenged by immunization with a live tularemia vaccine (LTV) 15-20 days before surgery, while the same number of controls were not. The study was randomized. Pre-operative LTV immunization showed an immunoprotective effect at all stages of combined treatment (surgery + telegammatherapy) given for endometrial carcinoma. Moreover, all said indices came back to normal in the study group 2-3 years after treatment. After surgery alone (standard uterine extirpation or with adnexa), controls with malignancies at the same stages revealed a significant decrease in the indices which fell further after radiotherapy. In the latter group, the indices came back to initial values which were below the norm.

Bacterial Vaccines↗
PubMed1976

[Mixed infection with tularemia and Omsk hemorrhagic fever in experiments on aquatic field mice].

The authors carried out an experimental study of some aspects of the pathogenesis of mixed tularemia and Omsk hemorrhagic fever infection in Arvicola terrestris L. The results obtained reflected the dynamics of development of the pathological process of the mixed infection, peculiarities of distribution of Francisella tularensis and of the viral antigen in different organs, the character of pathomorphological changes in the organism at different periods after the administration of the causative agent.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Inhibitory effect of rat immunization with tularemia vaccine on the in vivo clastogenicity of 4 anthracycline antibiotics.

We studied the in vivo effect of rat immunization with tularemia live vaccine (TLV) on chromosomal aberrations (CA) induced in bone marrow cells by 4 anthracycline antibiotics. CA induced by adriamycin (ADR) and 4'-epiadriamycin (EADR) in rat bone marrow cells consisted mainly of chromatid breaks (approximately 90%), whereas lesions induced by aclacur (AC) and aclarubicin (ACR) consisted only of chromatid breaks. Preliminary cutaneous immunization of rats with TLV revealed significant suppression of CA induced by all 4 antibiotics. The present and previous results suggest that TLV may be a potent anticlastogenic factor.

Aclarubicin↗
PubMed1996

Live tularemia vaccine confers protection against lethal Legionella and Listeria infections in experimental animals.

The efficacy of a live Francisella tularensis vaccine strain to cause nonspecific immunity toward experimental legionellosis and listeriosis was studied. Immunisation with tularemia vaccine protected over 80% and 17% of experimental animals against subsequent lethal challenge with Legionella pneumophila and Listeria monocytogenes, respectively. The protection was maximal during the first month following immunisation and declined thereafter. In order to delineate the immunostimulatory moieties of the Francisella microbe, several cell wall proteins have been purified and characterized. However, isolated cell wall components failed to induce protection.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[The effect of tularemia live vaccine on contrasuppression of lymphocytes in patients with cancer of the corpus uteri during combined therapy and long term].

A significant decrease in the percentage of women showing contrasuppression of blood lymphocytes, as compared with control, was identified (p < 0.1); it was particularly low at terminal stages (III-IV). Surgery and subsequent radiotherapy were followed by further inhibition, particularly in terminally-ill patients. Two or three years after treatment, the numbers of patients in all stage groups showing contrasuppression increased, reaching the initial, i.e. lower than normal, levels. However, contrasuppression indices rose to normal in patients immunized with tularemia live vaccine (p > 0.05). This effect was observed in patients of all stage groups, immunized prior to treatment, on days 15-20 after immunization. Normal levels of contrasuppression were maintained during treatment and 2-3 years on. Both contrasuppression level and stage of tumor may serve as a criterion of gravity of disease and prognosis.

Bacterial Vaccines↗
PubMed2002

Inhibition of carcinogenic and clastogenic effects of N-nitrosomorpholine in rats immunized with tularemia vaccine.

The aim of the present work was to study whether immunization of rats with tularemia live vaccine (TLV) can influence carcinogenic and mutagenic action of N-nitrosomorpholine (NNM). The experiments were performed with male albino random-bred rats. The first group of rats was immunized with TLV 15 days before the start of experiment. These animals and the second group (positive control) were treated with NNM orally, (total dose was about 250 mg/rat). Rats including solvent (negative) control group were killed 12 months after the start of NNM treatment to study the carcinogenic effect. Experiments to study the influence of TLV on mutagenesis were performed with three groups of rats: the first (on 15th day after immunization with TLV) and the second group were injected intraperitoneally with NNM 100 mg/kg b.w. on 2 consecutive days, third group received only distilled water. The results of long-term experiment have shown that tumor incidence (both malignant and benign) in rats of positive control group was 74.2%. Immunized rats had significantly decreased incidence of tumors compared with the previous group--36.1%. Micronuclei level in bone marrow cells of non-immunized rats was statistically significantly higher than that in immunized rats. The inhibition of carcinogenic and clastogenic effects of NNM in rats immunized with TLV are probably due to a decrease in cytochrome P-450 activity. We suggest that immunization of rats with TLV can protect them against the cacinogenic and clastogenic actions of some chemicals.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Biochemical, antigenic and protective properties of the outer membrane of tularemia pathogens].

The outer membranes of Francisella tularensis were studied. The membranes were identified morphologically, immunologically and biochemically. They contained 12-20% of protein, 15-30% of carbohydrates, up to 40% of lipids. The main integral proteins of the outer membranes were the 47, 43, 17 and 12 kD proteins. The main protein 63 kD was not integral. The lipopolysaccharides isolated from the outer membranes and acetone-dried cells did not possess the protective properties in experimental tularemia. The preparations of outer membranes possessed the protective properties for mice infected with the virulent strain 503. Chitosan amplified the protective properties of outer membranes.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1990

[Construction and analysis of the tularemia pathogen gene library in Escherichia coli].

The library of tularemia causative agent genes cloned on the pHC79 plasmid and the partial clonotek of these agents genes in Escherichia coli cells have been constructed. The immunochemical analysis has revealed seven clones of Escherichia coli harbouring the recombinant plasmids and expressing francisella antigens. The cloned sequences of francisella DNA as well as the recombinant plasmids containing them and coding for francisella antigens are capable of specific hybridization with the DNA from Francisella tularensis strains and Francisella novicida strain U112. The cloned DNA sequences have the properties of the genetic radiospecific molecular DNA probe.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1986

[Effect of the immunization of rats with tularemia vaccine on the number of cytogenetic disorders in somatic cells induced by cytostatics].

Cytogenetic disturbances due to cytostatic preparations--cyclophosphamide and methylnitrosourea--applied as single or ten-times administrations in different doses have been studied for rats immunized with tularemia live dried vaccine. It is established that with the application of these preparations to immunized animals the quantity of chromosomal aberrations in myelokaryocytes decreased from 1.4 to 2.2 times, compared with that in non-immunized animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Enhanced antitumor resistance in rats immunized with a tularemia vaccine].

It is established that rat immunization with tularemia living vaccine inhibits Pliss lymphosarcoma growth and increases the life duration to tumour bearing animals. In tests with Zajdela ascitic hepatoma in 1/3 of the immunized animals ascites were not formed and the rats lived 150 days before they were killed.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Effect of immunization with tularemia vaccine on 3,4-benz[a]pyrene-induced blastomogenesis and mutagenesis in rats].

The living tularemia vaccine is studied for its effect on rat tumours and chromosome aberrations in bone marrow cells during 3,4-benz(a)pyrene injection (BP). It is established that a single epicutaneous vaccination of rats decreases the incidence of BP-induced tumours, prolongs the latent period and reduces the mean weight of tumours as well as lowers the number of myelocaryocytes with chromosome aberrations when BP is administered 15 days after immunization. 125 days after a single subcutaneous injection of BP in a dose of 4 mg the tumours appeared in 57% of animals and in 35% of preliminarily immunized animals. 24 h after intraperitoneal administration of 4 mg of BP the immunized rats revealed a 35% decrease in the amount of chromosome aberrations in myelocaryocytes as compared to the nonimmunized rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Effect of immunization with live tularemia vaccine on the growth of various tumor strains in rats].

The paper deals with a study of the effect of a single challenge with living tularemia vaccine on the growth of such transplantable tumors as Zajdela's hepatoma, Pliss' lymphosarcoma, Walker's carcinosarcoma, Schwetz' erythromyelosis and sarcoma 45 in Wistar rats. Immunization was followed by a significant (37.2-86%) inhibition of the rate of growth of the said tumors. Ascites was detected in half the vaccinated animals of Zajdela's hepatoma series, this being matched by 100% in controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Effect of the combined use of rifampicin and a low-molecular immunomodulator of natural origin on the primary immune response to the antigens of a tularemia vaccinal strain].

The effect of rifampicin combination with a natural low molecular immunomodulator on the primary immune response to the antigens of tularemia vaccine was studied with the methods of multifactor designing of the experiment. The dependence of the delayed hypersensitivity and antibody titer on doses of the antibiotic and immunomodulator and the time of the immunomodulator administration was manifested by the second order equation. Nomographs for precise quantitative estimation of the doses and regimens providing the maximal delayed type hypersensitivity and antibody titers were plotted.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1983

[Biological characteristics of spectinomycin-resistant strains of the tularemia pathogen].

Sensitivity of 2 subspecies of the tularemia causative agent to spectinomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, was studied in vitro. The MIC of the antibiotic with respect to strains 503/847 and Schu was 40 micrograms/ml and with respect to strain A-Cole 20 micrograms/ml. The frequency of spontaneous spectinomycin resistant mutants was low. The mutants grown on a medium containing spectinomycin in a concentration of 100 micrograms/ml were highly resistant to the antibiotic (at least 10000 micrograms/ml). By the main biological properties and virulence the spectinomycin resistant mutants did not differ from the initial strains.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Mechanism of natural penicillin resistance in the causative agent of tularemia].

beta-Lactamase and penicillinacylase were detected in the tularemia causative agent. These enzymes participated in the mechanism of natural resistance of the microorganisms to penicillins. It was shown that the growth temperature had a significant effect on the beta-lactamase activity. The penicillin resistance marker was not eliminated with the use of acridine orange, ethidium bromide or sodium dodecylsulfate.

Francisella tularensis↗
PubMed1984

[Use of an immunoenzyme method on a solid-phase carrier for determining the tularemia antigen].

The method of the highly sensitive (up to 10 ng/ml) and specific determination of soluble tularemia antigen, based on the use of "sandwich" type ELISA techniques, has been developed. The dependence of the specificity and sensitivity of the method on the degree of purification of antibodies and their peroxidase conjugates used in the assay has been studied. The study has revealed that the best results can be obtained with the use of purified IgG and its conjugate free of unbound peroxidase. Both foreign peroxidase preparations and type A enzyme manufactured in the USSR can be equally used as enzymatic labels.

Antigens, Bacterial↗