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PubMed1984

Efficacy of transfer of antibiotic resistance determinants in Staphylococcus aureus strains in mixed culture of donor and recipient cells.

A series of 113 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from clinical specimens were used to study efficacy of transfer of determinants of PNC, STM, CMP, TTC, ERY and KAN resistances in mixed culture of donor strains and the recipient S. aureus strain 5849-fur-r, rif-r. It was found that TTC resistance was transferred at the highest frequencies (G = 3.93 X 10(-5], the differences in transfer of PNC, STM, CMP and ERY resistances were not significant at P less than or equal to 0.01. The efficacy of transfers turned out to depend on numerous factors having a multiple effect.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Plasmid DNA content of multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus strains.

Multiresistant S. aureus strains (also called methicillin-resistant in clinical laboratories) share many common properties. In addition to the commonly used epidemiological markers (pattern of resistance to antibiotics and metal ions, serotype and lysotype), we considered using the molecular and genetical properties of the plasmid DNA harboured by these strains. In this paper we report an epidemiological study of two groups of S. aureus strains sampled since 1975 and carrying new resistance characters which appeared with increasing frequency in France. The Tm-SgR strains (5 strains) carry, in addition to 13 resistance characters commonly observed, two new characters: the resistance to gramin components A and B (Sg). The two new characters were shown to be encoded by a single plasmid. Amongst the 5 strains studied, two harbour a similar plasmid DNA content while the three others were clearly distinct. Because of the variability of the plasmid DNA content observed in these strains, the similarity of this content observed between two of them suggest a close phylogenic relationship. These two strains are probably derivatives from a single clone. The spread of the two new characters amongst the distinct strains might be related to the spread of ancestrally related Tm-Sg plasmids. The Tob-GenR strains (16 strains) carry, in addition to 12 wide-spread resistance markers, the newly observed resistance to many aminoglycosides, mainly the resistance to tobramycin (Tob) and gentamicin (Gen). They all harbour a 22-kb plasmid DNA generating similar restriction cleavage patterns and conferring the resistance to penicillin G, arsenate, arsenite and cadmium. Some of them harbour one or two extra small plasmids (3.4 and 2.3 kb); the presence of these two plasmids was not associated with a modification of the resistance pattern of the strains. Most of the resistance characters--including the new ones--are probably encoded by chromosomal genes. In this epidemiological situation, the spread of the new aminoglycoside resistance characters carried by the 16 strains having the same phenotype and harbouring the same 22-kb plasmid is attributed to the spread of derivatives from a single clone.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1981

Ultrastructure of bacteriophages used for typing of Staphylococcus aureus.

This paper reports the results of a study on the morphology, size and homogeneity of the bacteriophages used for typing Staphylococcus aureus. Fifty-five bacteriophages were studied. Preparations for the electron microscope were made directly from lysates or from purified and concentrated bacteriophages, and were contrasted with neutralized phosphotungstic acid (KPT) and examined under an electron microscope at x 40 000 microscopic magnification. The studied bacteriophages differed with regard to size and shape. The bacteriophages were classified into two morphological groups: BI and BIII. In the BI group, there morphological types were distinguished: B14, B15 and B16. Only one morphological type was distinguished in the BIII group, designated by the symbol BIII2. Only lysates of 42C, 70 and D bacteriophages contained virions of two morphological types: BI6 an BIII2. Until now, it is not clear whether the bacteriophages are a mixture of two different virions, or whether they represent variation in the size of their heads. Of the 55 bacteriophages studied, 25 were examined by other investigators. The results showed that of the 25 bacteriophages 5 belonged to different morphological types. It was concluded that the sets of standard bacteriophages should be checked by means of the electron microscope.

Bacteriophage Typing↗
PubMed1983

Staphylococcus aureus septicaemia and endocarditis at the University Hospital in Lund 1976-1980.

During the period 1976-1980 Staphylococcus aureus was found in 265 blood cultures from 13 clinics for adult patients at Lund Hospital. Criteria of septicaemia were fulfilled in 169 patients, 65 had transient bacteremia and 31 cases were not evaluable. Concerning bacteriological data no Staphylococcus phage type dominated and strains resistant to antibiotics other than penicillin were very few. On the average 74% of the strains produced penicillinase with a successive increase during the study period. The incidence of septicaemia was highest in the decade 61-70 years of age. In patients with hospital-acquired septicaemia (n = 99) the main portals of entry for infection were vascular and/or surgical wounds (confirmed by phage typing in 93%). Patients with community-acquired septicaemia (n = 70) often had skin lesions but only a few cultures were taken. Only 4 patients were drug addicts. In 28 patients with no obvious portal of entry 14 nasal cultures were performed. Eight of ten positive cultures showed the same strain in nares as in blood at onset of sepsis. Secondary infectious foci were most frequent (26%) in patients with community-acquired infection. Endocarditis were found in 19 patients, 11 were diagnosed at autopsy. In staphylococcal endocarditis the mortality was 68% compared to 10% in septicaemia without endocarditis. In septic shock, compromised hosts and in connection with chronic diseases the mortality rates were 39%, 26% and 29%, respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Cure of prophage in Staphylococcus aureus by furocoumarin photoadditions.

In a previous report curing of prophage in Staphylococcus aureus by treatment with 8-methoxypsoralen plus near-UV (365 nm) radiation was described. In the present work the use of angelicin and 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen and repeated irradiation show that monoadducts and DNA interstrand cross-links formed by furocoumarin photoaddition are involved in the curing of the prophage responsible for the suppression of the lipolytic activity in a putative repair proficient strain of Staphylococcus aureus.

DNA Adducts↗
PubMed1993

[Bacteriophages of serologic group A converting synthesis of staphylokinase and beta toxin in S. aureus].

The properties of the eight S. aureus bacteriophages of the serogroup A converting staphylokinase production were investigated. Three of them were able to a double conversion: production of the staphylokinase and inhibition of beta toxin synthesis. All of the investigated bacteriophages were classified as the I morphological group of the Styloviridae on the basis of the electron microscope analysis. The size of capsids of the examined bacteriophages was 77 +/- 2.8 nm x 43.1 +/- 1.9 nm and the tail length was 272.7 +/- 12.7 nm. Most of them (6 bacteriophages) had the tail terminated in the basal plate. The lytic properties of the investigated bacteriophages were not identical. Seven of them showed features of the III and one of the V (miscellaneous) lytic group.

Bacterial Toxins↗