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PubMed1991

[Effects of mecobalamin on testicular dysfunction induced by X-ray irradiation in mice].

Experimental testicular dysfunction were produced by X-ray irradiation to the testes in mice. Mecobalamin (CH3-B12) was orally administered at a daily dose of 0.01, 0.1 or 1 mg/kg six times a week for 8 weeks from the next day after the irradiation. The control mice received physiological saline in the same manner. On 4th- and 6th-week after the irradiation, the weights of testes and epididymides were decreased, although those of the body and accessory sex glands (seminal vesicle, coagulating gland and prostate) were nearly equal to those of non-irradiated mice. At the same time, the diameter of seminiferous tubules decreased and sperm parameters (sperm count, sperm motility and sperm abnormality) deteriorated. When CH3-B12 (1 mg/kg) was administered, the diameter of seminiferous tubules increased and sperm parameters improved as compared to those of the control. The results indicate that CH3-B12 improved the experimental testicular dysfunction in mice induced by the irradiation. These results suggest that CH3-B12 might accelerate testicular function.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

Alkaline phosphatase in human semen: an investigation using enzyme inhibitors and gel electrophoresis.

Human seminal alkaline phosphatase was investigated with respect to its electrophoretic mobility, heat lability, and susceptibility to inhibition by phenylalanine, tartrate, and homoarginine. Total alkaline phosphatase activity in 30 samples of human semen was measured colorimetrically, using p-nitrophenylphosphate as substrate. Using linear regression analysis, no significant correlation was found between the enzyme activity and the sperm count, sperm motility, semen volume, and the concentrations of seminal inositol and fructose. The alkaline phosphatase activity was higher in the earlier portion of split ejaculate samples. Sodium DL-tartrate (42 mmol/l), which inhibits acid phosphatase, did not inhibit seminal alkaline phosphatase significantly. L-Homoarginine (10 mmol/l), an inhibitor of the liver and bone isoenzymes, inhibited the seminal enzyme (53%), whereas L-phenylalanine (12 mmol/l), a strong inhibitor of placental alkaline phosphate, decreased activity by about 10%. Electrophoresis of semen samples on agarose revealed a broad band which was not sharpened after treatment with neuraminidase. Semen total alkaline phosphatase was essentially totally inactivated by heating at 56 degrees C for 15 min or 10 min at 65 degrees C; similar behaviour has been reported for the liver and bone isoenzymes. Electrophoresis after heating did not reveal a residual band of heat-stable placental-like alkaline phosphatase. Semen alkaline phosphatase appears to contain more than one isoenzyme, but placental-like alkaline phosphatase cannot be more than a minor component.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2001

Sperm parameters changes induced by Azadirachta indica in albino rats.

Azadirachta indica treatment for 48 days In albino rats resulted in a decrease in the total sperm count, sperm motility, and forward velocity. The percentage of abnormal sperm increased and the fructose content of caudal semen of the epididymis decreased. The observations suggest that these effects are probably due to an androgen deficiency, caused by the anti-androgenic property of the leaves of A. indica, thereby affecting the physiological maturation of sperm.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Reversible anti-fertility effect of benzene extract of Ocimum sanctum leaves on sperm parameters and fructose content in rats.

Treatment of albino rats with a benzene extract of Ocimum sanctum leaves (250 mg/kg body weight) for 48 d decreased total sperm count, sperm motility, and forward velocity. The percentage of abnormal sperm increased in caudal epididymal fluid, and the fructose content decreased in the caudal plasma of the epididymis and the seminal vesicles. The results suggest that such effects are due to androgen deprivation, caused by the anti-androgenic property of O. sanctum leaves. The effect was reversible because all parameters returned to normal 2 wk after the withdrawal of treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Azadirachta indica adversely affects sperm parameters and fructose levels in vas deferens fluid of albino rats.

Azadirachta indica treatment for 24 days in albino rats resulted in a decrease in the total sperm count, sperm motility, and forward velocity in vas deferens fluid. The percentage of abnormal sperm increased and the fructose content decreased. As diminished levels of fructose parallel androgen deficiency, we conclude that reduced androgen levels resulting from the anti-androgenic property of A. indica leaves probably influences the physiological maturation of sperm.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Seminal plasma transferrin in infertile men.

Seminal plasma transferrin levels were estimated in 51 men with various infertility problems and in 15 fertile subjects. The estimation of transferrin was carried out by using the radial immunodiffusion technique on LC-partigen transferrin plates. The mean value of transferrin decreased (p less than .05) in cases of azoospermia (91 +/- 51 micrograms/ejaculate). No significant difference was found in other sperm quality disorders (asthenoteratospermia = 227 +/- 141, mild OTA = 186 +/- 96, severe OTA = 247 +/- 137 micrograms/ejaculate). The mean value of transferrin decreased (p less than .05) in obstructive azoospermia cases (73 +/- 70 micrograms/ejaculate), whereas in the other causes of infertility no statistical differences were found. Transferrin was correlated with sperm count, sperm volume, and serum LH.

Follicle Stimulating Hormone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Blood concentrations of lead, cadmium, mercury, zinc, and copper and human semen parameters.

The study consisted of 35 male subjects attending an andrology clinic. The subjects all had poor sperm parameters that could not be attributed to any known medical cause. The objective was to evaluate the relation between various seminal characteristics (volume, total sperm count, sperm viability, proportion of progressively motile sperm, and different sperm morphology) and the blood concentrations of lead, cadmium, mercury, copper, and zinc. The mean blood concentrations of lead, mercury, copper, and zinc were within the normal values; cadmium concentration (1.35 micrograms/L) was much higher than the norms. Asthenozoospermic subjects had significantly (p less than .025) higher blood cadmium levels than normozoospermic subjects. No significant differences were noted between the two groups for mean concentration of mercury, zinc, and copper in blood. Significant correlations were observed between blood cadmium levels and volume of semen, midpiece defects, and immature forms of spermatozoa. High blood cadmium levels may have an effect on spermatogenesis. Possible reasons for the high blood cadmium levels among the subjects are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[The effect of kallikrein on sperm motility (author's transl)].

The effect of kallikrein (240 KE/week i.m. or 600 KE/day orally) on the sperm count, sperm motility and morphology was investigated in 27 patients with pathological ejaculate findings. Kallikrein was administered over a period of 9 to 12 weeks. A significant increase in sperm motility was observed in patients with asthenospermia. No influence was noted on the ejaculate findings in patients with oligospermia. Interference between the kallikrein-kinin system and sperm motility is postulated.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Effect of zinc on reproductive toxicity in rats].

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of zinc on reproductive function in rats. The results revealed that the sperm count, sperm motility and reproductive function appeared to be enhanced in male rats by 60 days successive administration of low dose zinc (12 mg/kg) or medium dose zinc (120 mg/kg), whereas reproductive system damages characterized by lowering of reproductive function would be resulted by high dose zinc(240 mg/kg). However, no effect on the growth and development of the second generation was shown, suggesting that the injury was just limited to certain extent.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Effect of different intensities of swimming exercise on testicular oxidative stress and reproductive dysfunction in mature male albino Wistar rats.

Swimming exercise for 1, 2 and 3 hr for 5 days/week for consecutive 4 weeks, results in a significant reduction in testicular, epididymal, prostetic, seminal vesicle somatic indices; epididymal sperm count, sperm motility; preleptotine spermatocytes, mid pachytene spermatocytes and stage 7 spermatids; plasma levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone; testicular delta5, 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; testicular superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-s-transferase and glutathione along with significant elevation in malondialdehyde in male albino rats. However, no significant change was noted in final body weight, spermatogonia-A and plasma level of follicle stimulating hormone. The results that oxidative stress develops with the increasing of exercise intensity, which may interfere in male reproductive activities.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Effect of selective 5alpha-reductase inhibitor or/and testosterone undecanoate on the reproductive function of male rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) play a role in spermatogenesis in male rats. METHODS: Thirty-two male rats were divided into 4 groups (Groups C, T, F and FT). Group C received plant oil injection and oral starch perfusion, Group T testosterone undecanoate (TU, 20 mg/kg) injection and oral starch perfusion, Group F plant oil injection and oral Finasteride perfusion, and Group FT TU (20 mg/kg) injection and oral Finasteride perfusion. Data on serum T and DHT, sperm count, sperm mobility and reproductive function were collected and analysed. RESULTS: (1) 5alpha-reductase inhibitor, Finasteride and TU reduced the weight of the testis and epididymis in the experiment groups compared with the negative control (Group C), but TU increased the weight of the prostate while Finasteride decreased it compared with the positive control (Group T). TU combined with Finasteride could counteract the effect of the weight increase of the prostate, but not that of the testis. (2) Finasteride, or Finasteride combined with TU, reduced the DHT but increased the testosterone level in comparison with the control group. (3) Both Finasteride and TU could inhibit epididymal sperm count and reproductive function compared with the control, but the effect was less significant in Group FT than in Group F. CONCLUSION: High dosages of 5alpha-reductase inhibitor, Finasteride, can suppress male reproductive function, but the inhibiting effect could be counteracted by administration of 5alpha-reductase inhibitor along with TU.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of cadmium and cigarette smoking on human semen quality.

OBJECTIVE: In recent years, there have been many nonconclusive studies on cigarette smoking and sperm quality. Few studies, if any, have attempted to implicate any decrease of sperm quality. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between cigarette smoking, blood and seminal plasma concentrations of cadmium and lead, and sperm quality. METHODS: A total of 184 males who were undergoing initial screening for infertility were included in the study. Tests conducted included semen characteristics (volume, total sperm count, sperm viability, motility and morphology of spermatozoa), and blood and seminal plasma concentrations of lead and cadmium. RESULTS: More than 50% and 70% of the subjects had normal sperm density and motility, respectively. The mean concentrations of lead in blood (PbB) and seminal plasma (PbS) were 7.09 micrograms/dL and 12.98 micrograms/L, respectively, while the mean concentrations of cadmium in blood (CdB) and seminal plasma (CdS) were 0.95 micrograms/L, and 0.58 micrograms/L, respectively. Significant correlations were observed between CdB and cigarette-years and sperm density (negative). CdS was significantly correlated with cigarette-years and sperm volume (negative). Significant trends were observed for different categories of cigarette-years with CdB, CdS and sperm density. CONCLUSION: Cigarette smoking appears to affect sperm density, especially in heavy smokers. Cadmium (present) in cigarettes could be a possible causative agent for the low sperm density among smokers.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Studies on the establishment of appropriate spermatogenic endpoints for male fertility disturbance in rodent induced by drugs and chemicals. I. Nitrobenzene.

The effect of nitrobenzene on several spermatogenic endpoints was examined to determine which endpoints were affected by chemicals, how changes in spermatogenic endpoints are related to decreases in the rate of male fertility, and how long a treatment period is needed before damage can be detected. An experimental group of male Sprague-Dawley rats was given nitrobenzene (60 mg/kg, per os), a known inhibitor of male fertility, and a control group was given a diet of sesame oil (1 ml/kg, per os) alone. The rats were mated with normal proestrus females on days 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56 and 70 of treatment. Male rats were sacrificed on the day after mating, and sperm motility, progressive motility of sperm, sperm count and sperm morphology were examined. After 7 days of treatment, no changes were observed in the endpoints examined. However, the testicular and epididymal weights, sperm count, sperm motility and progressive motility decreased significantly by day 14. By day 21 sperm viability and the fertility index decreased, while increases were observed in the abnormal sperm rate and instances in which no motile sperm existed. However, even after 70 days of treatment, the copulation index was not affected. The most sensitive spermatogenic endpoints were determined to be sperm count and sperm motility, followed by progressive motility, viability, abnormal sperm rate and fertility index. The copulation index is not a meaningful endpoint for male fertility. Furthermore, a period of at least 14 days is necessary for evaluation of the effect of nitrobenzene on male fertility.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Relation between indices of semen analysis and pregnancy rate in infertile couples.

Both partners of 198 consecutive infertile couples were evaluated. Studies in the female included clinical evaluation of ovulation for a minimum of two menstrual cycles, investigation of tubal patency, and evaluation of sperm survival in cervical mucus. Six semen specimens were analyzed from each male. Laparoscopy, scrotal exploration, and testicular biopsies were performed as required. Where indicated, the female was treated intensively. The only therapy offered to the males was ligation of varicoceles, if present. The couples were grouped on the basis of sperm counts, total sperm counts, motile sperm counts, and total motile sperm counts, and the incidence of pregnancy was computed. Pregnancy rates of approximately 50% occurred in couples where sperm counts or total sperm counts were in the range of 5 to 60 million/ml or 25 to 200 million/ejaculate, respectively. When sperm counts were over 60 million/ml or total sperm counts over 200 million/ejaculate, pregnancy rates increased to above 70%. These observations emphasize the importance of considering infertility as a problem of a couple rather than as a specific disorder of one of the partners. These data also demonstrate a lack of direct correlation between sperm density in the ranges of 5 to 60 million/ml and pregnancy rates in couples where the wife is treated intensively.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1976

Dietetic habits and quality of semen in Indian subjects.

Dietetic habits revealed significant effect on seminal plasma vitamin B12 levels. The mean values for seminal plasma vitamin B12 activity in lactovegetarians from normozoospermic, oligozoospermic and azoospermic groups are significantly lower than the corresponding mean values observed in the nonvegetarian subjects. The mean vitamin B12 content of seminal plasma in azoospermic group was distinctly lower than the mean values in normozoospermic and oligozoospermic groups. However, seminal plasma vitamin B12 values showed no correlation with the sperm content of the corresponding semen in both normozoospermic and oligozoospermic subjects. Studies on sperm morphology and on biochemical parameters revealed no significant effect of the type of diet on sperm count, sperm motility, percentage abnormal sperms, seminal plasma total proteins, albumin, fructose, citric acid, acid and alkaline phosphatase activity in normozoospermic group.

Cell Count↗
PubMed2003

Treatment with levofloxacin does not resolve asymptomatic leucocytospermia--a randomized controlled study.

The manual of the World Health Organization defines leucocytospermia as the presence of >1 x 10(6) white blood cells per ml semen. Most authors consider leucocytospermia to be a consequence of inflammation due to bacterial infection. However, the efficacy of antibiotic therapy was not unequivocally demonstrated until now. We started a prospective, randomized, controlled study in 36 patients, who consulted our department for infertility with leucocytospermia. None of the patients reported any symptoms of genital infection. The patients were assigned randomly to two groups: group 1 received 250 mg levofloxacin once a day over 10 days, patients of group 2 received no therapy. Semen analysis was repeated 2 weeks later. After administration of levofloxacin, a mean decrease of leucocyte count of 45.8 +/- 72.2% compared with a decrease of only 3 +/- 109.2% in the untreated group was observed. However, this difference is not statistically significant. There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to leucocyte count, sperm count and sperm cell after treatment. We conclude from our study that antibiotic therapy does not provide benefit for treatment of asymptomatic leucocytospermia.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed2004

[Experimental study on antioxidant and calcium channel blockade preventing testicular fibrosis in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the preventive effect of antioxidant and calcium channel blockade on testicular fibrosis in rats, and to explore the ideal drug for preventing it. METHODS: Eighty Wistar rats were divided into a control group (Group A, n = 10), a treatment group (Group B, n = 57) and a testicular fibrosis model group (Group C, n = 13). And the treatment group was further divided into a higher dosage group (Group a, n = 20), a medium dosage group (Group b, n =20) and a lower dosage group (Group c, n = 17). Testicular fibrosis was duplicated with altered Wang Tao's method. From the second day of the first immunization, the higher dosage group was given antioxidant vitamins 90 mg/(kg x d) and verapamil 50 mg/(kg x d), the medium dosage group antioxidant vitamins 90 mg/(kg x d) and verapamil 25 mg/(kg x d), and the lower dosage group antioxidant vitamins 90 mg/(kg x d) and verapamil 12.5 mg/(kg x d), all for 150 days. The control and the model groups received no treatment. The sperm count, sperm deformity rate, testis length and seminiferous tubule intradiameter were measured, and the changes of the testis interstitial substance and spermatogenic cells were observed by light microscope and transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: Testicular fibrosis was significantly prevented by the higher- and medium-dosage treatment in the rats. In the higher dosage group, the intradiameter of the seminiferous tubules and the thickness of the limiting membrane were almost the same as in the control. In the lower dosage group the thickness of the limiting membrane was thicker and the damage to the spermatogenic cells was heavier than in the control, but the pathological changes of the testis structure was lighter than in the model group, in which Hyperplasia and fibroblast increase in the interstitial substance were significant, interstitial mast cells and peritubular mast cells increased, the thickness of the limiting membrane of the seminiferous tubules seriously thickened, and the damage to the spermatogenic cells was severe. CONCLUSION: Testicular fibrosis in rats can be significantly prevented by antioxidant and calcium channel blockade.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Age and male fertility: biological factors.

Although the effect of maternal age on fertility is well known, whether paternal age also affects fertility remains unclear. If there is an effect, the biological causes and consequences, especially for the offspring, are unclear. We present a short review of the data and various studies on this subject. Data on young men or fathers are not considered here. Advanced male age has been associated with: Increased time-to-pregnancy (TTP) and subfecundity; low semen volume, total sperm count, sperm motility and normal sperm morphology; gradual modification of testicular vascularisation and regular decrease in the number of Sertoli and Leydig cells, with an associated decrease in serum testosterone. There are wide interindividual variations of these modifications, with some elderly men having a reproductive function similar to young men. Whether there is an increase in levels of qualitative and or quantitative alterations of the sperm chromosomes with advancing age remains controversial. It can be suggested that there is an increased risk of developmental defects in the offspring of older men, as the spontaneous mutation rate is closely related to the age of the man. An increasing rate of miscarriages has been related to older fathers and several studies suggest older fathers are at the origin of several diseases in the new-born. In conclusion, further studies are needed due to the increasing number of older men wishing to become a father.

Adult↗