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Results for “Sleep Paralysis”

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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Dysphagia-gastroesophageal reflux complex: complications due to dysfunction of solitary tract nucleus-mediated vago-vagal reflex.

We report on the complication of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in four patients with lower brainstem dysfunction. These patients suffered from perinatal asphyxia, cerebellar hemorrhage, or congenital dysphagia of unknown origin and showed facial nerve palsy, inspiratory stridor due to vocal cord paralysis, central sleep apnea, and dysphagia, in various combinations. Naso-intestinal tube feeding was introduced in all of the patients due to recurrent vomiting and aspiration pneumonia resulting from GER. T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed symmetrical high intensity lesions in the tegmentum of the lower pons and the medulla oblongata in two of the patients, and pontomedullary atrophy in another patient. In normal subjects, lower esophageal sphincter contraction is provoked by distension of the gastric wall, through a vago-vagal reflex. Since this reflex arc involves the solitary tract nucleus, where the swallowing center is located, the association of dysphagia and GER in the present patients is thought to result from the lesions in the tegmentum of medulla oblongata. We propose the term "dysphagia-GER complex" to describe the disturbed motility of the upper digestive tract due to lower brainstem involvement. In children with brainstem lesions, neurological assessment of GER is warranted, in addition to the examination of other signs of brainstem dysfunction, including dysphagia and respiratory disturbance.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1973

Narcolepsy.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Narcolepsy: clinical features, new pathophysiologic insights, and future perspectives.

Narcolepsy is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and abnormal manifestations of rapid eye movement sleep such as cataplexy. The authors review the clinical features of narcolepsy, including epidemiology, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment, in detail. Recent findings show that a loss of hypocretin-producing neurons lies at the root of the signs and symptoms of narcolepsy. The authors review the current state of knowledge on hypocretin anatomy, physiology, and function with special emphasis on the research regarding the hypocretin deficiency in narcolepsy, which may also explain associated features of the disorder, such as obesity. Lastly, they discuss some future perspectives for research into the pathophysiology of sleep/wake disorders, and the potential impact of the established hypocretin deficiency on the diagnosis and treatment of narcolepsy.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed1999

Clinical and sociocultural differences in African American and European American patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia.

Much attention has been paid to the study of panic disorder symptomatology among primarily European American populations. However, such research has not adequately generalized to include minority groups. The present study examined phenomenological differences between African American and European American patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. African American (N = 48) and European American (N = 33) patients with panic disorder were assessed by structured interview and self-report questionnaires upon presentation to an anxiety disorders clinic for treatment. African Americans evidenced a higher rate of comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (16% vs. 0%). European Americans reported having their initial panic attack at an earlier age than African Americans (21 vs. 29). In terms of discrete panic attack symptoms, African Americans reported more intense levels of numbing/tingling in extremities (4.3 vs. 2.5) as well as greater fear of dying (6.3 vs. 4) or going crazy (4.6 vs. 3) than European Americans. African Americans evidenced less satisfaction with social support (2.7 vs. 3.2), especially financial support (2.3 vs. 3.2), than European Americans. African Americans employed coping strategies such as counting one's blessings (1.9 vs. 1.4) and religiosity (1.9 vs. 1.2) more often than European Americans but evidenced less self blame (1.7 vs. 2). This study extends previous findings by showing that African Americans have a later age of onset as well as different coping strategies than European American patients with panic disorder.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1982

Impaired drug-metabolizing ability in the burned rat.

Research indicating hepatic dysfunction in burn injury led us to investigate the effect of thermal injury on the rat hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing system. Heated water was used to produce burns corresponding to 15% of the rat's total body surface area. In vitro measurements of p-nitroanisole o-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase activities were significantly depressed on days 1 and 10 postburn. Likewise, in vivo sleeping and paralysis times with pentobarbital and zoxazolamine were significantly prolonged on these same postburn days. On day 10 postburn, the burned rats had significantly decreased levels of urinary D-glucaric acid, a metabolite that correlates with drug metabolizing activity. These results raise the possibility of impaired drug metabolism in human burn victims.

Aniline Hydroxylase↗
PubMed2003

Acquired narcolepsy in an acromegalic patient who underwent pituitary irradiation.

The authors report the case of a 60-year-old man with acromegaly, who developed narcolepsy 2 weeks after completing radiotherapy for a pituitary adenoma. Cataplexy and sleepiness were predominant symptoms. Onset of narcolepsy is unusual at this age and the temporal relationship following radiotherapy suggests this treatment was implicated. His CSF hypocretin levels were normal, indicating other factors may be important in his narcolepsy.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed2004

Effect of age on MSLT results in patients with narcolepsy-cataplexy.

OBJECTIVE: To measure the effect of age on Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT)characteristics, sleep latency, and number of sleep-onset REM periods (SOREMP) in two large populations of narcoleptic patients with similar genetic backgrounds. METHODS: Clinical and polygraphic information on the severity of the condition was obtained on 236 well-defined narcolepsy-cataplexy-human leukocyte antigen DR2-positive patients from Montpellier (France) and on 147 similar patients from Montreal (Canada). RESULTS: The results show a progressive decrease in the number of SOREMP with age and a progressive increase in the mean sleep latency on the MSLT as a function of age. This finding is also related to the severity of cataplexy as assessed from the clinical history with a progressive decrease in the frequency of cataplexy attacks with age. These results may reflect the progressive increase in sleep latency seen in normal aging and suggest that clinical improvement might be due to changes in the neural mechanisms responsible for SOREMP, which may weaken with age. CONCLUSIONS: The progressive decrease in the number of SOREMP and increase in the mean sleep latency on the MSLT as a function of age suggest that the current criteria used for diagnosis may be too stringent in older patients. The major influence of age on MSLT results should therefore be taken into account when diagnosing a narcoleptic patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Supporting people with severe myalgic encephalomyelitis.

This article aims to raise nurses' awareness of myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) also known as chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Key symptoms are presented along with possible service responses and treatment options. It emphasises that this condition is often misunderstood but that it can be serious and more research is needed to promote better understanding of the physical symptoms.

Empathy↗