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PubMed1997

Detection of behavioural and emotional problems in deaf children and adolescents: comparison of two rating scales.

The aim of this study was to establish rates of behavioural and emotional problems, and of social maladjustment, in a population of deaf children, particularly in relation to different methods of communication. The parents of 84 children who attended two schools for the deaf took part. They completed the parents' checklist (PCL), a behaviour rating scale for deaf children, and the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL), a measure widely used in the general population. The two instruments were significantly correlated on the severity of behavioural and emotional problems, but their previously established cut-off scores detected different rates of possible clinical cases, i.e. children with mental health disorders. According to the CBCL, 40% of children were within the clinical range, and 82% were socially dysfunctional compared with the general population. The PCL identified a much higher percentage (77%) of caseness. Behavioural and emotional problems were significantly higher in Asian children. Although all subjects used sign language, the additional use of speech, which may indicate increased hearing ability, had a protective effect for adolescents. The findings are discussed in relation to the validation of the instruments and the development of intervention programmes for deaf children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Identity patterns and self- and teacher-perceptions of problems for deaf adolescents: a research note.

The present study investigated self- and teacher-perceptions of deaf adolescents in relation to cultural identity. Fifty-one deaf adolescents completed the Porteous Checklist and Deaf Identity Scale presented in British Sign Language. Subjects were assigned to deaf, hearing or dual identity groups. Results suggest that deaf adolescents' self-perceived concerns are not dissimilar in content or severity to those of their hearing peers, although certain issues may assume a particular significance in the presence of deafness. The hypothesis that the hearing identity group would report most problems was not supported. Teachers rated the dual identity group as having the fewest difficulties.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Psychiatric disorder in deaf and hearing impaired children and young people: a prevalence study.

Psychiatric screening questionnaires for deaf children and adolescents were piloted in a group of 62 children, aged 11-16 years, attending a residential school. The questionnaires, Parent's Checklist (PCL) and Teacher's Checklist (TCL) were then used to screen a group of 93 children attending one Deaf School and three Hearing Impaired Units (HIU). Psychiatric assessments were conducted with a highly structured diagnostic interview, the Child Assessment Schedule (CAS). The interview with signing deaf children was conducted with a sign language interpreter. The prevalence of psychiatric disorder in the whole group was 50.3%, 42.4% in the group attending the Deaf School and 60.9% for the group attending the HIUs. An aetiological model of psychiatric disorder in this group is proposed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Congenital non-syndromal autosomal recessive deafness in Bengkala, an isolated Balinese village.

Bengkala is an Indonesian village located on the north shore of Bali that has existed for over 700 years. Currently, 2.2% of the 2185 people in this village have profound congenital deafness. In response to the high incidence of deafness, the people of Bengkala have developed a village specific sign language which is used by many of the hearing and deaf people. Deafness in Bengkala is congenital, sensorineural, non-syndromal, and caused by a fully penetrant autosomal recessive mutation at the DFNB3 locus. The frequency of the DFNB3 mutation is estimated to be 9.4% among hearing people who have a 17.2% chance of being heterozygous for DFNB3.

Alleles↗
PubMed1997

Clinical features in four patients with Angelman syndrome resulting from paternal uniparental disomy.

Angelman syndrome (AS) is a complex neurological disorder with different genetic aetiologies. It is not known whether the clinical features vary depending on the genetic mechanism. We report four patients with AS owing to uniparental disomy (UPD). There were two males and two females, with a mean age of 8 years (range 7 to 11 years). All patients had a happy disposition, hyperactive behaviour, and the characteristic facial phenotype of AS, but in three there was a normal head circumference, two had epilepsy, ataxic movements were mild in three, the mean age of onset of walking was 2.4 years, and there was some sign language in all four patients. Our cases add further weight to the previously reported impressions of a milder phenotype in cases of AS resulting from UPD than in deleted AS patients. Patients suspected of having AS, but who are considered atypical, warrant DNA testing.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1992

The role of the fifth digit in music: discussion paper.

The increasing digital skill made manifest in the development of instrumental music is reviewed and supports the hypothesis that the fifth digit was belatedly used even when a suitable instrument had already become established. With notable exceptions, such as the harp, it appears that progressive improvements in instrument design was influenced by the need to utilize the fifth digits. Its greater use was accomplished in overlapping stages of increasing dexterity, of which the highest is exemplified by the left hand of the violinist. The apparent evolutional background of these observations is discussed. It is proposed that man has an inherent atavistic tendency to ignore the fifth digit and this view agrees with its neglect in gesture and sign language.

Fingers↗
PubMed1995

Mutism and cerebellar dysarthria after brain stem surgery: case report.

Transient mutism resolving to cerebellar speech after posterior fossa surgery is a well-recognized phenomenon, particularly in pediatric patients. The anatomic basis for this postoperative functional change is unclear but may reside in the dominant superior cerebellar hemisphere or the medial deep cerebellar nuclei. We report a case of an 8-year-old girl who presented for surgical resection of a cavernous malformation of the right pons (at the level of the middle cerebellar peduncle) after hemorrhage. Preoperatively, her complaints consisted of contralateral motor deficits. She had normal speech. Her lesion was resected through a subtemporal approach to the pons. She awoke unable to speak. She was able to communicate through a variety of verbal cues, including sign language. Her mutism lasted 12 days after which she underwent a prolonged period of slowly resolving cerebellar dysarthria. Her preoperative motor deficits also slowly resolved. This is the first reported case of mutism resolving to cerebellar dysarthria after a supratentorial approach to the brain stem. We discuss the anatomic basis for postoperative mutism in light of previous observations combined with the unusual finding of mutism after pontine surgery. In particular, reports of mutism after bilateral cerebellar hemispheric injury, bilateral or unilateral medial deep nuclear injury, and, now, pontine tegmental injury implicate the superior cerebellar hemispheres, the deep cerebellar nuclei, and the nuclear outflow through the superior cerebellar peduncle as the anatomic bases for cerebellar participation in the production of human speech.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1996

ENFI--an approach to teaching writing through computers.

An ongoing challenge for teachers of deaf students is to give these students a natural environment for writing English. Electronic Networks for Interaction (ENFI) provides a natural approach to teach writing skills to these students, making English more accessible. ENFI can be used in a variety of classroom activities giving opportunity to use writing for communicative purposes without struggling with the language.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1996

Lipreading, reading and memory of hearing and hearing-impaired children.

The relationship between lipreading, reading and visual and sequential memory was investigated in hearing 10-year-olds and two groups of hearing-impaired 10-year-olds, one educated through the medium of English and the other through British Sign Language. The scores and the pattern of correlations between the variables were hypothesized to be different in the three groups and this was found to be the case. In the case of the hearing, visual memory for complex shapes was significantly correlated with lipreading. For the oral deaf, reading ability was significantly correlated with lipreading, but for the bilingual deaf the correlation was not significant. The possible implications of these findings for the relationships between the cognitive processes involved in lipreading and for the education of the deaf are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1990

The costs and benefits of providing early intervention to very young, severely hearing-impaired children in the United States: the conceptual outline of a longitudinal research study and some preliminary findings.

This paper presents the conceptual framework for a newly instituted longitudinal research study into the costs and benefits of providing early intervention to very young, severely hearing-impaired children in the USA and the results of one of the studies after 2 years of intervention. The research design employs randomised procedures, blind assessment and treatment verification. The overall project is part of a 20 experiment national study that addresses specific questions about the effects of early intervention on the psychological development of hearing-impaired children. Those questions regard age-at-start, treatment intensity and programme variation. Two of the three experiments with hearing-impaired children are still in developmental stages, whilst the third, a communication methods comparison, has been started. The preliminary findings of the third experiment (which include 2 years of intervention effects) are presented. Two groups of young, severely hearing-impaired children between the ages of 18 months and 5 years (one an oral-aural group and one called an English sign language group) have received 20 months of intervention in one or other of the groups. Their developmental progress has been measured using the Battelle Developmental Inventory, several specific English language measures and two family measures. Whilst both groups showed significant progress over intervention time on all measures, the performance differences between the two groups were not statistically significant in any of the psychological domains tested.

Child Health Services↗
PubMed1990

Speech perception with the nucleus cochlear implant in children trained with the auditory/verbal approach.

Five children between the ages of 6 to 10 years using the Nucleus 22-electrode cochlear implant were tested on a battery of speech-perception tests. None of the five children used any sign language before implantation, and all received extensive training in auditory/verbal rehabilitation postimplantation. Performance ranged from 81 to 97 percent correct on the Matrix Test, from 24 to 80 percent correct on the WIPI test, from 33 to 73 percent correct on a 10-choice vowel recognition test, from 19 to 50 percent correct on a 13-choice consonant recognition test, from 2 to 46 percent words correct on a PB-K word list, from 4 to 71 percent words correct on a recorded BKB sentence test, and from 8 to 71 percent words correct on a live-voice BKB sentence test. In four of the five children, significant lipreading enhancement was observed on consonant recognition and two prelinguistically deafened children demonstrated some open-set word recognition.

Child↗
PubMed1989

[An infant's "forbidden games" (related to six cases of severe merycism)].

Merycism (pondering, in Anglo-Saxon Literature) is an affectation that has become rare in infants but which is still news because of its potential severity. Although psychosomatic by nature, it compromise the vital prognosis if the diagnosis isn't made and appropriate psychotherapeutical measures taken in good time. Based on six cases of severe merycism, the author studies the sign-language and the diagnostic in order to specify the positive elements that must have brought about the illness. A psychopathological hypothesis of the aberrant behavior leading to this "heavy thinking" is put forth. The various psychopathological mechanisms at play in this problem are then shown based on how frustratingly isolated the baby is. Finally, treatment by intensive nurturing and its behavioral components is described as well as the evolution to a half-way point. The ending goes back to the affective meaning of the problem.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1988

Hearing loss and associated handicaps in preschool children.

In the Greater Stockholm area, 251 children born in 1976 to 1980 had hearing loss of such a degree that they needed hearing habilitation at the time of school entrance (prevalence rate 2.8/1,000). The prevalence rates of profound hearing loss (greater than 50 dB pure tone average) and monoaural deafness were both 1.0/1,000. The etiology of the hearing loss was heredity in 45%, unknown in 35%, sequelae of otitis media in 2% and related to high-risk histories in 18%. The high-risk history group includes the eight last known cases of congenital rubella. One associated handicap was present in 25%, two extra handicaps in 6.4% and three in 1.2%. Moreover, in 17% Swedish or Swedish sign language was not the vernacular. Nineteen different languages were represented among the children. Thus, an optimal habilitation program should not be based solely on the type of hearing handicap.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Vibrations in deafness and psychosis].

Vibratory transmission is one of the first principles ofthe verbo-tonal method for the deaf child. Besides wrist vibrators, vibrating floor is a useful aid in communication with the autistic child. Complementary to oral or sign language, vibratory communication is full of possibilities in child deafness and psychosis.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1988

Recency and suffix effects in pictures as a function of recall method.

Two studies compared recency and suffix effects in pictures. In Experiment 1, which used strict serial recall, the recall curve for the control condition fell sharply until the final position when it exhibited a small but significant amount of recency. No suffix effects were present. In Experiment 2, a modified free recall condition exhibited a U-shaped serial position curve and significant recency. Picture and graphic suffixes led to small, reliable end-of-sequence suffix effects, but spoken suffixes did not. Thus pictures appear to lead to recency and suffix effects similar to those produced by static visual alphanumeric stimuli when strict serial recall is used. With a modified free recall procedure, recency is enhanced and suffix effects appear. The implications of the results with pictures and of differences between the two recall procedures are discussed with respect to literature in the area on pictures (Cohen, 1972) and American Sign Language (Krakow & Hanson, 1985; Shand & Klima, 1981). Additionally, some new methods of defining and analyzing recency, which are also applicable to primacy, are proposed and used in the paper to bring out more clearly the effects present.

Association Learning↗