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Results for “STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS”

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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Hyperimmunoglobulinemia E, recurring staphylococcal infections and a defect in granulocyte chemotaxis in adults. A variant of Job's syndrome].

Two cases in adults with recurrent staphylococcal infections associated with abnormal granulocytic chemotaxis and hyperimmunoglobulinaemia E (Job's syndrome) are described. The pathophysiological mechanisms seems to consist of an abnormal IgE reaction against staphylococcal antigens causing secondary abnormality of granulocyte function. Abnormal cellular immune function was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. Corticosteroid administration at first proved effective in both patients. One patient developed Hodgkin's disease of the mixed type in the course of the disease.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1975

Blood pressure changes in mice after lethal staphylococcal infection and endotoxin challenge.

A radioisotope technique has been used to determine blood pressure changes in mice after lethal staphylococcal infection and after lethal endotoxin challenge. The method was verified by making simultaneous direct measurements in rats. Mice in both groups became hypotensive to a similar level (a fall 20-30 mm Hg). This tailcuff technique is simple and reliable but is dependent upon normal tail blood flow. Spurious low pressure readings are obtained in hypothermic or chilled mice because the tail is a major thermoregulator organ. These difficulties can be overcome by warming chilled or hypothermic mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Treatment of familial staphylococcal infection--comparison of mupirocin nasal ointment and chlorhexidine/neomycin (Naseptin) cream in eradication of nasal carriage.

Twenty-six families with recurrent staphylococcal infections were treated with either mupirocin nasal ointment (group M) or chlorhexidine neomycin (Naseptin) cream (group N) to the anterior nares, each combined with chlorhexidine soap for washing and chlorhexidine powder applied to other possible carriage sites. Patients receiving mupirocin following failure with chlorhexidine/neomycin (group M/N) were also treated. Treatment was given for seven days to 99 patients, 32 index (infected) patients and 67 family members. Follow-up swabs were collected by a study nurse 8, 14, 28, and 91 days after starting treatment. The carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in the anterior nares was 67%, in the axillae 22%, in the groin 23%, and perianal 19%. The carriage rates in the index patients was higher than family members, in all sites. The eradication of S. aureus from the nasal carriage site after therapy at 8 days was 95% in group M, 85% in group M/N and 61% in group N. Recolonization during the follow-up period was much less in those treated with mupirocin: 57% of patients in group M and 42% in group M/N were not carriers at 91 days, whereas 89% of patients group N were again colonized. Assessment clinically and in terms of prevention of further infective lesions showed that there was a higher response to mupirocin than to chlorhexidine/neomycin. Mupirocin nasal is a successful therapy for removing nasal carriage of S. aureus and has a prolonged effect on recolonization.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The immunomodulating properties of the erythrocytes in an experimental staphylococcal infection].

Experiments on 130 mice of different strains have revealed that washed mouse erythrocytes taken on day 7 of experimental staphylococcal infection induce the pronounced increase of humoral immune response to sheep red blood cells in syngeneic recipients, while mouse erythrocytes taken on day 14 of this infection induce immunosuppression. Erythrocytes acquire immunosuppressive properties at the period of red blood regeneration.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Vancomycin versus cefazolin prophylaxis for cardiac surgery in the setting of a high prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcal infections.

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of vancomycin prophylaxis with that of cefazolin in preventing surgical site infections in a tertiary medical center with a high prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcal infections. METHODS: All adult patients (> or = 18 years) scheduled for cardiac surgery requiring sternotomy were randomly assigned to receive vancomycin (1 g every 12 hours) or cefazolin (1 g every 8 hours). Prophylaxis was started during the induction of anesthesia and continued for only 24 hours. Patients were followed up for at least 30 days (1 year for those receiving a cardiac implant). Surgical site infections were stratified according to the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System risk index. RESULTS: Of the 885 patients included in the study, 452 received vancomycin and 433 received cefazolin. The overall surgical site infection rates were similar in the two groups (43 cases in the vancomycin group, 9.5%, vs 39 cases in the cefazolin group, 9.0%, P =.8). Superficial and deep incisional surgical site infection rates were also similar in the two groups. There was a trend toward more frequent organ-space infections and infections with beta-lactam-resistant organisms among patients receiving cefazolin, but this trend did not reach statistical significance. In contrast, surgical site infections caused by methicillin-susceptible staphylococci were significantly more common in the vancomycin group (17 cases, 3.7%, vs 6 cases, 1.3%, P =.04). The durations of postoperative hospitalization and the mortalities were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: This trial suggests that vancomycin and cefazolin have similar efficacy in preventing surgical site infections in cardiac surgery.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of carnosine on the morphofunctional state of mucosal cells of the soft palate of rats in staphylococcal infection].

The influence of carnosine on the morphofunctional state of mucosal cells of the soft palate of rats in experimental staphylococcal infection has been studied. Morphological changes in muscular and connective tissue cells of the mucosa of the soft palate of rats have been found to occur. The suppressive effect of carnosine with respect to the pathogen and its positive influence on the processes of the regeneration of eukaryotic tissues.

Animals↗